User:Indiginkgo/Brocchinia reducta
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[edit]Brocchinia reducta /brɒˈkɪniə riːˈdʌktə/[1] is one of a few carnivorous bromeliads. It is native to southern Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, and Guyana, and is found in areas with nutrient-poor, high moisture soil[2][3]. B. reducta is able to grow in sparse conditions, which is evident when it uses its roots as anchors over rocks[4]. Its funnel-like structure and waxy coating, among other characteristics, suggest that this plant is carnivorous.[5]
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[edit]Structure
[edit]Brocchinia reducta, like many other bromeliads, forms a water-storing cup with its tightly overlapping, bright yellow and green leaves, creating a cylinder when growing outdoors called a rosette[4]. The leaves surrounding the cup of B. reducta are coated with a very loose yet thick wax coat[2]. This coating is highly reflective of ultraviolet light, which also protects the plant from harmful rays[5]. Since many insects are attracted to ultraviolet (it is also reflected by many flowers), this is an efficient lure. However, several studies have determined that the reflective wax coating serves mainly to cause insects to slip into the water cup below. Once trapped, it is nearly impossible for insects to crawl out of the steep slippery leaves; they eventually drown.[5] The water in the cup has also been observed to emit a sweet odor, which may serve to attract ants and other insects[4][6]. B. reducta absorbs its nutrients from the outer cell wall, which is covered in trichomes that can transport molecules as small as 6.6 nm.
Carnivorous Behavior
[edit]B. reducta still has many unknowns and is debated among some biologists as to if it truly qualifies to be called a carnivore. However, what is known suggests that it qualifies as a carnivorous bromeliad, along with Brocchinia hechtioides and Catopsis beteroniana[4]. Its waxy surface, water collection, odor emission, and potential digestive enzymes within the pool of water all point to a passive pitfall trap. In addition, B. reducta leaves are covered in trichomes that are able to absorb nutrients[7].
Commercial Presence
[edit]B. reducta has been sold commercially on several carnivorous plant websites as a carnivorous specimen that people can own at home.[8][9] However, there is potential for a large difference in a B. reducta specimen that is grown in its natural habitat than one sold and grown commercially. Where a natural growth specimen is bright yellow green, a B. reducta grown without its normal light exposure can be darker shades of green. Additionally, the leaves will grow less condensed, and the plant will not reach its natural height.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ a b Benzing, David H.; Givnish, Thomas J.; Bermudes, David (1985). "Absorptive Trichomes in Brocchinia reducta (Bromeliaceae) and Their Evolutionary and Systematic Significance". Systematic Botany: 89 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Rice, Barry (2007). "The Carnivorous Plant FAQ". Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d McPherson, Stewart (2007). "The Carnivorous Bromeliads". Florida Council of Bromeliad Societies.
- ^ a b c Gaume, L; Perret, P; Gorb, E; Gorb, S; Labat, J.-J; Rowe, N (2004). "How do plant waxes cause flies to slide? Experimental tests of wax-based trapping mechanisms in three pitfall carnivorous plants". Arthropod Structure & Development. 33 (1): 103–111. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2003.11.005. ISSN 1467-8039.
- ^ Gonzalez, Jorge M.; Jaffe, Klaus; Michelangeli, Fabian (1991). "Competition for Prey Between the Carnivorous Bromeliaceae Brocchinia reducta and Sarraceneacea Heliamphora nutans". Biotropica. 23 (4): 602. doi:10.2307/2388398.
- ^ Pavlovič, Andrej; Saganová, Michaela (2015-05-06). "A novel insight into the cost–benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory". Annals of Botany. 115 (7): 1075–1092. doi:10.1093/aob/mcv050. ISSN 0305-7364.
- ^ "Carnivorous Bromeliad: Brocchinia Reducta * Bareroot > 📏7-10cm > Exact plant pictured". Cultivo Carnivores. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
- ^ "Brocchinia reducta - Carnivorous Bromeliad". Curious Plant. 2023-10-03. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
- ^ "The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: Brocchinia: cultivation". www.sarracenia.com. Retrieved 2023-10-17.