User:Murgh/Literature of wine
Literature of wine
Classical texts
[edit]Antiquity
[edit]Classical texts that feature wine begin with Homer (the end of the 8th century BCE) and Hesiod (circa 700 BCE). In the verses of Works and Days, the cultivation of grape wine is described as part of the order of nature as laid down by the gods.[1]
The work of Herodotus Histories (5th century BCE) contains several observations on wine and its uses in foreign nations. While the Greeks had no books on agriculture, but Theophrastus (c.370-c.287 BCE) could be called the first systematic botanist.[1]
Although there are no surviving works by Mago of Carthage (? 350 BCE), he is believed to have inspired the earliest known Roman writings on the subject of wine and winemaking, written by Cato the Censor (234-149 BC) and Varro (116-27 BC).[2] Texts by Cato also describe instructions on making a profit as a wine merchant with the earliest decriptions of wine fraud, revealing how Italian wine could be passed off as the more lucrative wine from the island of Kos.
Virgil (70-19 BCE), Horace (65-8 BCE), and Martial (38-41CE?-102-104CE?) are the earliest Roman poets who describe wine.[1]
Columella (2 BC-65 CE), from near Cadiz in southern Spain, offers detailed advice in his work De re rustica, decribing clonal selection, planting of vineyards, and stressing that wines to be as natural as possible, writing, "The wine is clearly the best which can solely give pleasure by its own nature".
Pliny the Elder (23 CE-79 CE) considered the last great classical writer on wine and wine making, while influenced by texts by Varro. Along with the derivative writings of Palladius, these texts were translated and used as educational texts in Europe until the end of the 16th century.[3][4]
A late Greek author, Athenaeus (late 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century CE) provides substantial information about the wines consumed during his time.[1]
Middle Ages
[edit]from one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century.
Petrus de Crescentiis (1228-1321), Libri XII Ruralium Commodorum (1309)[2][5] Book 4, is concerned with wine, and Petrus de Crescentiis knows and quotes from classical writers on agriculture chiefly Pliny, Columella, and Varro.[6]
Renaissance
[edit]began in Italy during the 14th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century.
Gabriel Alonso de Herrera (c. 1475-c.1540), Alcalá de Henares (1513), Medina del Campo (1584) [5]
Polidore Virgile (1470-1555), An Abridgement of the notable work of Polidore Virgile (1546)
- Early Modern period lasts roughly from 1550 to 1750
Claude Cotereau (b. 1499) Les Douze Livres de Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella des choses Rusticques (1551)
The first French writer to attempt to classify wines in any way was Charles Etienne (1504-64), His Vinetum . . . (1536)[2]
Jacobus Præfectus, De diversorum vini generum natura liber (1559)
Joannes Bruyerinus Campegius De Re Cibaria Libri XXII. Omnium ciborum genera, omnium gentium moribus, & usu probata complecentes (1560)
L'Agriculture et maison rustique des maistres Charles Etienne et Jean Liebault, (1564)[2]
Agostino Gallo (1499-1570) Le Dieci Giornate della vera Agricoltura, e Piaceri della Villa (1565?)
Claude Arnoux, Dissertation sur la situation de Bourgogne (1728)
Philip Miller, Gardeners' Dictionary (1731).
The Nouvelle Maison rustique (1755?) by Louis Liger
Modern era
[edit]Writings on Portuguese wines was dominated by the English. In 1787 John Croft wrote A Treatise of the Wines of Portugal, followed by several works by James Forrester (1809-61), who took a strong position against the adulteration of wine that took place in the Port industry.
R. Shannon, MD A Practical Treatise on Brewing, Distilling and Rectification (1805), included the "A Copius Appendix on... Foreign Wines, Brandies and Vinegars".[2]
The Topographie de tous les vignobles connus (1816) by Andre Jullien, Parisian wine merchant who was born in Burgundy, rating the known wine regions of the time, i.e France, California, South America, South Africa's Cape and "Chinese Tartary".
Dr Alexander Henderson, The History of Ancient and Modern Wines (1824)[2]
1826 book Œnologie Française
Thomas Jefferson, during his five years as minister to France (1784-1789) visited many of the vineyards of Europe, and his Memoirs, Correspondence, and Private Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1829) describe a layman's perception of the world of wine at the time, .[7]
Cyrus Redding A History and Description of Modern Wines (1833).[2][8][9][10]
James Busby Journal of a Tour through some of the Vineyards of Spain and France (1833).[2]
On the vineyards of Burgundy appeared and coincidentally it was in the same year, 1831. Morelot's Statistique de la vigne dans le departement de la Cote d'Or is largely what its title suggests, although the second half of the book deals with both viticulture and vinification in the region.
Histoire et statistique de la vigne et des grands vins de la Cote d'Or by Lavalle
In 1855 ???? Dr J. Lavalle published the influential Histoire et Statistique de la Vigne et des Grands Vins de la Cote d'Or (History and Statistics of the Cote d'Or) which included an informal classification of the best Burgundy vineyards, later formalised in 1861 by the Beaune Committee of Agriculture, which went on to officially devise the three classes.[11]
Charles Cocks's book Bordeaux, its Wines and the Claret Country (1846), translated into French four years later and what was to become known as Cocks & Féret, or later simply Le Féret, to date frequentl updated under the full title Bordeaux et ces vins.
Merchants
Paris merchant Charles Pierre de Saint in Le Vin de Bordeaux (1855).
Charles Tovey Wine and Wine Countries (1862)
Thomas Shaw, Wine, the Vine and the Cellar (1863)
Technical
William Speechly, gardener to the duke of Portland, wrote A Treatise on the Culture of the Vine (1790).[2]
Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1756-1832) wrote the article on wine for the Dictionnaire d'agriculture of the Abbe Rozier in 1799, and the book L'Art de faire le vin (1807)
Jules Guyot, a survey of the vineyards of France and to make recommendations as to how viticulture might be improved, three works on viticulture in north and central France (1860), the east (1863), and the west (1866)
Louis Pasteur(1822-95) Etudes sur le vin (1866)
Comte de Vergnette-Lamotte Le Vin (1867).
20th century
[edit]George Saintsbury, Notes on a Cellar-Book (1920)
Charles Walter Berry, London wine importer In search of Wine - A Tour of the Vineyards of France(1935)
Frank Schoonmaker, Complete Wine Book (1934) Wines of Germany (1956) The Encyclopedia of Wine (1964)
H. Warner Allen, journalist A History of Wine (1961)
David Peppercorn Serena Sutcliffe
Rene Pijassou Bernard Ginestet
Newspapers
[edit]Prior to the late 1970s, wine writing in the United States was limited, but with national increase of interest in wine, came a considerable growth of the number of wine columns in newspaper and a wide genre range of magazines.
Frank J. Prial of The New York Times since 1972 Alexis Bespaloff of New York Magazine since 1972
Jon Winroth of International Herald Tribune
Anthony Rose The Independent Tim Atkin The Observer Joanna Simon The Sunday Times
Dorothy Gaiter and John Brecher The Wall Street Journal
conservative philosopher Roger Scruton New Statesman
Wine periodicals
[edit]Decanter Andrew Jefford Steven Spurrier
Wine Spectator James Suckling James Laube Robert Parker The Wine Advocate later David Schildknecht
La Revue du vin de France
Michel Bettane Thierry Desseauve
Wine Enthusiast Magazine Steve Heimoff
Wine & Spirits Joshua Greene Peter Liem
Contemporary era
[edit]Tyler Colman Dr. Vino
Tom Wark "Fermentation"
and Vlog Gary Vaynerchuk Wine Library TV
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Classical Texts". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Literature of wine". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Pliny". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Palladius". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ a b c Thackrey, Sean, wine-maker.net Library Index Page
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Petrus de Crescentiis". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ Jefferson, Thomas (1829). Memoirs, Correspondence, and Private Papers of Thomas Jefferson. H. Colburn and R. Bentley.
- ^ Redding, Cyrus (July, 1834). "History of Wines". Gentleman's Magazine. 157. F. Jefferies: 1–11.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Redding, Cyrus (August, 1834). "History of Wines". Gentleman's Magazine. 157. F. Jefferies: 124–132.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Redding, Cyrus (1836). A history and description of modern wines. Whittaker & co.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Classification". The Oxford Companion to Wine (2nd ed.). winepros.com.au.
- ^ Kramer, Matt (1989). Making Sense of Wine. Philadelphia, PA: Running Press. pp. 101–118. ISBN 0762420200.
- ^ Steinberger, Mike, The World of Fine Wine (March, 2008). "Everyone a Critic. The Future of Wine Writing" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Butts, Mickey, Food & Wine (October, 2005). "Seven Best Wine Blogs".
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Marcus, Lawrence, Food & Wine (2008). "Niche Wine Blogs".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)