User:Pbsouthwood/Multilanguage list of diving terms

A

AA6061

Aluminium Alloy 6061 (not subject to sustained load cracking). Currently (2017) used for manufacture of new diving cylinders.

af: Aluminiumlegering 6061

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

AA6351

Aluminium Alloy 6351. This alloy is subject to sustained load cracking and requires periodical eddy current testing. No longer used for new cylinder manufacture, but many cylinders of this alloy are still in service.

af: Aluminiumlegering 6351.

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

absolute pressure

Total static pressure at the reference point: Pressure relative to vacuum.

af: absolute druk

de: Absolutdruck (m)

es: presión absoluta (f)

fr: pression absolue (f)

it: pressione assoluta (f)

nl: absolute druk (m)

ro:

A-clamp

af: A-klem

de: Bügel (m)

es: estribo (m)

fr: étrier (m), bride (f)

it: staffa (f), brida (f)

nl: beugel (m)

ro:

A-clamp adaptor

af: A-klempasstuk

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

A-clamp fitting, international connection, INT fitting, international fitting, yoke fitting

af: A-klempassing

de: internationaler Anschluss (m), internationaler Bügelanschluss, (m) INT-Bügelanschluss, (m) INT-Anschluss, (m) Bügelanschluss (m)

es: conexi ón con estribo internacional (f)

fr: raccord international (m), raccord avec étrier (m)

it: attacco INT a staffa (m),attacco americano (m) attacco INT (m) attacco con staffa (m) attacco a brida INT (m)

nl: INT-aansluiting (f) internationale aansluiting (f)

A-clamp valve

af: A-klemklep

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

active addition

System for semi-closed circuit rebreather feed gas addition in which gas is added to the breathing circuit by a mechanism, regardless of current volume, and excess gas is vented to keep the loop volume within limits. Compare with passive addition

af: aktiewe toevoeging

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

activated charcoal, activated carbon

A filter medium used to remove oil, water and odours from breathing gas.

af: geaktiveerde houtskool geaktiveerde koolstof

de: Aktivkohle (f)

es: carbón activado (m)

fr: charbon actif (m)

it: carbone attivo (m)

nl: aktieve kool (f), geaktiveerde kool (f)

ro:

acute lung oedema

af:

de: akutes Lungenödem (n)

es: edema agudo del pulmón (m)

fr: oedème aigu du poumon (m)

it: edema acuto del polmone (m)

nl: acuut longoedeem (n)

ro:

adaptor

af: passtuk?

de: Adapter (m), Adaptor (m)

es: adaptador (m)

fr: adapteur (m), adaptateur (m)

it: adattatore (m)

nl: adapter (m)

adjustable buoyancy jacket (ABJ), adjustable diving vest (ADV)

af: verstelbare duikbaadjie

de: regelbare Tarierweste (f), einstellbares Jacket (n), ADV-Jacket (n)

es: chaleco ajustable (m), chaleco ADV (m)

fr: gilet réglable (m)

it: giubotto regolabile (m)

nl: afstelbaar trimvest (n)

ro:

adjustable buoyancy life jacket (ABLJ), horse collar buoyancy compensator

A combination of buoyancy compensator and inflatable life jacket worn on the chest and round the neck.

af: verstelbare-dryfkrag reddingsbaadjie?

de: Kragenweste (f), Klobrille (f), Tarierkragen (m), Weste (f), Taucherweste (f)

es: chaleco de tipo collarín (m)

fr: gilet à collerette (m), gilet du type "collerette" (m), fenzy (f)

it: giubotto a collare (m), giubotto del tipo anularo (m)

nl: -fenzy trimvest (n)

ro:

adjustable fin, open heel fin, heelstrap fin

af: verstelbare vin

de: Flosse mit offenem Fersenteil (f), Flosse mit Fersenband (f)

es: aleta regulable (f)

fr: palme réglable (f), palme d'extérieur (f)

it: pinna regolabile (f), pinna a scarpetta aperta (f), pinna a laciolo (f)

ne: vin met verstelbare hielband (f)

ro:

adjustment knob, air flow adjustment knob

af: verstelknop, lugvloeiverstelknop

de: Stellknopf (m)

es: mando de regulacíon (m), botón de regulación (m)

fr: bouton de réglage (m), molette de réglage (f)

it: bottone di regolazione (m), manopola di regolazione (f)

nl: stelknop (m)

advanced diver, 3* diver

af:

de: 3* Taucher (m), Taucher mit dem Gold-Abzeichen (m)

es: buceador 3* (m)

fr: plongeur 3* (m), niveau 3 (m), plongeur du niveau supérieur

it: subacqueo 3* (m)

nl: 3*-duiker (m)

advanced diver certificate, 3 star diver certificate

af: Drie-ster duiksertifikaat,

de: 3*-Tauchbrevet (n), 3*-Tauchschein (m), Gold-Tauchsportabzeichen (n)

es: título 3 estrellas (m)

fr: brevet supérieur (m), brevet 3 étoiles (m)

it: brevetto 3 stelle (m)

nl: 3 stersduikbrevet (n)

against the current, upstream

af: teenstroom

de: gegen den Strom

es: contra la corriente

fr: contre le courant, à contre-courant

it: contra la corrente, a contracorrente

nl: tegen de stroom

A-frame

Part of Launch and Recovery System. Gantry or davit for launching and recovering bells, stages, anchors or large ROVs. Usually deployed by hydraulic rams which swing the frame over the deck or overboard as required. The load is hoisted and lowered by cables from the top of the frame.

af: A-raam

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

AGE

see arterial gas embolism - arteriese gasembolisme

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

aggressive (decompression)

Decompression profile tending to shorter overall decompression time for a given pre-ascent dive profile, accepting increased risk of decompression sickness to reduce the overall ascent time.

af: aggressief

de: agressiv

es: agresivo

fr: agressif

it: aggressivo

nl: agressief

Ai

AIDA

air

af: lug

de: Luft (f)

es: aire (m)

fr: air (m)

it: aria (f)

nl: lucht (f)

ro: aer

air bladder, swim bladder (fish)

af: swemblaas

de: Schwimmblase (f)

es: vejiga natatoria (f)

fr: vessie natatoire (f)

it: vescica natatoria (f)

nl: zwemblaas (f)

ro:

air bubble

af: lugborrel

de: Luftblase (f)

es:burbuja de aire (f)

fr: bulle d'air (f)

it: bolla d'aria (f), bollicina d'aria (f)

nl: luchtbel (f)

ro:

air chamber

af: lugkamer

de: Luftkammer (f), Trockenkammer (f)

es: cámara seca (f)

fr: chambre sèche (f) chambre étanche (f)

it: camera secca (f)

nl: luchtkamer (f), droge kamer (f)

ro:

air composition

af: lug-samestelling

de: Zusammensetzung der Luft (f)

es: composición del aire (f)

fr: composition de l'air (f)

it: composizione dell'aria (f)

nl: samenstelling van de lucht (f)

ro:

air consumption

af: lugverbruik

de: Luftverbrauch (m)

es: consumo d'aire (m)

fr: consommation d'air (f)

it: consumo d'aria (m)

nl: luchtverbruik (n)

ro:

air consumption calculation

af: ligverbruiksberekening

de: Luftverbrauchsberechnung (f)

es: cálculo del consumo d'aire (m)

fr: calcul de la consommation d'air (m)

it: calcolo del consumo d'aria (m)

nl: berekening van het luchtverbruik (f)

ro:

air dome

1. A section of cave which traps air or other gas at the top. This gas is not directly connected to the surface.
2. Upper part of a wet bell which holds breathing gas over a free surface into which the divers can lift their heads.

af: lugkoepel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

air embolism

af:

de: Luftembolie (f)

es: aeroembolismo (m)

fr: aéroembolisme (m)

it: aeroembolismo (m)

nl: luchtembolie (f)

ro:

air expansion

af: luguitsetting

de: Ausdehnung der Luft (f), Entspannung der Luft (f)

es: expansión del aire (f)

fr: détente de l'air (f)

it: erogazione dell'aria (f)

nl: ontspanning van de lucht (f)

ro:

air filter, sintered filter

af: lugfilter

de: Luftfilter (m), Sinterfilter (m)

es: filtro de aire (m)

fr: filtre à air (m)

it: filtro d'aria (m), filtro sinterizzato (m)

nl: luchtfilter (m)

ro:

air flow

af: lugstroom, lugvloei

de: Luftstrom (m)

es: flujo de aire (m)

fr: flux d'air (m)

it: flusso d'aria (m)

nl: luchtstroom (m)

ro:

air flow adjustment knob, adjustment knob

af: lugstroomstelknop, lugvloeistelknop

de: Stellknopf (m)

es: mando de regulacíon (m), botón de regulación (m)

fr: bouton de réglage (m), molette de réglage (f)

it: bottone di regolazione (m), manopola di regolazione (f)

nl: stelknop (m)

ro:

air inlet, air intake

af: luginlaat, lugtoevoer

de: Luftzufuhr (f) Lufteinlass (m)

es: llegada d'aire (f) toma de aire (f)

fr: arrivée d'air (f)prise d'air (f)

it: ingresso d'aria (m) presa d'aria (f)

nl: luchttoevoer (f) luchtinlaat (m)

ro:

air inlet (intake? suction?)(check this one - verb?)

af:

de: Luftzufuhr (f)Lufteinlass (m)Ansaugen (n)

es: aspiración (f)

fr: aspiration (f)

it: aspirazione (f)

nl: luchttoevoer (f), luchtinlaat (m)

ro:

air inlet button, inflator button

af: luginlaatknop, lugtoevoerknop, inflasieknop, opblaasknop

de: Luftzufuhrknopf (m), Lufteinlassknopf (m), Aufblasknopf (m)

es: botón de admisión de aire (m), botón de inflado (m), botón de hinchado (m)

fr: bouton de gonflage (m), bouton d'admission d'air (m)

it: pulsante di gonfiamento (m), valvola di carico (f)

nl: inlaatventiel (n), luchttoevoerknop (m), opblaasknop (m)

ro:

air integrated dive computer

af: luggeintegreerde duikrekenaar

de: luftintegrierter Tauchcomputer (m)

es: ordenador con integración del consumo de aire (m), ordenador de buceo con control de aire consumido (m)

fr: ordinateur à gestion d'air (m), ordinateur de plongée intégrant le calcul de l'air (m), ordinateur de plongée avec calcul intégré de la consommation d'air (m), ordinateur de plongée à manomètre incorporé (m)

it: computer con manometro incorporato (m), computer integrato (m), computer con calculo integrato del consumo d'aria (m)

nl: luchtgeïntegreerde duikcomputer (m), duikcomputer met geïntegreerde luchtberekenaar (m)

ro:

airlift (suction dredge), air lift, hydroaspirator?

A device based on a pipe, used by divers to suck small objects, sand and mud from the sea bed and to transport the resulting debris upwards and away from its source. Air is injected into the lower end of the pipe and the rising bubbles entrain water and cause an upward flow which draws the material from the bottom along.

af: lughyser? lugligter

de: Saugpumpe (f), Saugbagger (m)

es: aspirador (m), draga de succión (f), tubo de aspiración (m), hidroaspirador (m)

fr: suceuse (f)

it: sorbona (f), draga aspirante (f), draga succhiante (f), aspiratore (m)

nl: zuigpomp (f), zuigslang (f), zuiger (m)

ro: Dragă absorbantă

airlock (lock chamber)

af:

de: Luftschleuse (f)

es: camara de aire (f), esclusa (f)

fr: sas (m)

it: camera de equilibrio (f), boccaporto (m)

nl: luchtsluis (f)

air outlet

af: luguitlaat

de: Luftabgang (m), Luftanschluss (m)

es: salida de aire (f)

fr: sortie (f), sortie d'air (f)

it: uscita d'aria (f)

nl: luchtuitlaat (m)

ro:

air pocket

af:

de: Lufttasche (f)

es: bolsa de aire (f)

fr: poche d'air (f)

it: vuoto d'aria (m)

nl: luchtbel (f)

ro:

air pressure

af: lugdruk

de: Luftdruck (m)

es: presión de aire (f)presión del aire (f)

fr: pression de l'air (f)pression d'air (f)

it: pressione dell'aria (f)

nl: luchtdruk (m)

ro:

air reserve

af:

de: Luftvorrat (m)

es: reserva de aire (f)

fr: réserve d'air (f)

it: riserva di aria (f), scorta di aria (f)

nl: luchtvoorraad (m)

ro:

air sharing

af: asemlugdeling

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

air sharing, buddy breathing, demand valve sharing, valve sharing? alternate air use?

rescue procedure where air is shared from a single regulator second stage

af:

de: Wechselatmen (n), Wechselatmung (f)

es: respiración de dos de la misma botella (f), respiración por parejas con un solo regulador (f), paso de regulador (m), calume (m)

fr: échange d'embout (m), passage d'embout (m), respiration alternée sur un embout (f)

it: respirazione alternata con un solo erogatore (f), respirazione a due (f), narghilè (m)

nl: alternerende ademhaling op één automaat (f), mondstukwisseling (f), mondstuk-wisselen (n)

ro:

air shortage

af: luggebrek, tekort aan lug, gebrek aan lug

de: Ausfallen der Luft (n)

es: falta de aire (f)

fr: panne d'air (f)

it: esaurimento dell'aria (m), guasto con l'aria (m)

nl: luchtgebrek (n)

ro:

air top

1. Completing a planned breathing gas mix by topping up with compressed air.
2. Topping up a partly used breathing gas mix with compressed air, providing a different mixture which is analysed after the fill.

af: lugaanvulling

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

alarm, alarm device

af: alarm

de: Alarm (m), Alarmapparat (m)

es: alarma (f)

fr: alarme (f)

it: allarme (m), apparecchio d'allarme (m)

nl: alarm (n), alarmtoestel (n)

ro:

alarm display

af:

de: Warnanzeige (f)

es: alarma visual (f)

fr: alarme visuelle (f)

it: allarme visivo (m)

nl: zichtbaar alarm (n)

ro:

alarm sound, beeper, audible alarm

af:

de: Warnsignal (n), Warnton (m), akustisches Alarmsignal (n)

es: alarma acústica (f), alarma sonora (f)

fr: alarme sonore (f)

it: allarme sonoro (m), allarme acustico (m)

nl: hoorbaar alarm (n)

ro:

algal bloom

see also red tide

A rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. Some blooms may be recognized by discoloration of the water resulting from the high density of pigmented cells. Visibility can be severely impaired over a period of hours to days.

af: algopbloeiing, algebloei

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Allen key

af:

de: Sechskantschlüssel (m), Imbusschlüssel (m)

es: llave Allen (f)

fr: clé Allen (f), clef hexagonale (f)

it: chiave Allen (f)

nl: inbussleutel (m)

ro:

alloy

af: legering

de: Legierung (f)

es: aleación (f)

fr: alliage (m)

it: lega (f)

nl: legering (f)

ro:

alpha flag

af: alfa-vlag

de: Taucherflagge (f), Flagge A (f)

es: pabellón alfa (m), bandera alfa (f)

fr: pavillon alpha (m), pavillon de plongée (m)

it: bandiera alfa (f)

nl: alpha-vlag (m), duikvlag (m)

ro:

alternative air source, safety regulator, alternate air source

A secondary supply of air or other suitable breathing gas available to the diver in an emergency.

af: alternatiewe lugbron

de: Notlungenautomat (m), Zweitautomat (m), Westenautomat (m)

es: regulador de seguridad (m), regulador de reserva (m), fuente de aire alternativa (f)

fr: détendeur de secours (m), détendeur de sécurité (m), détendeur de réserve (m)

it: erogatore d'emergenza (m), erogatore di reserva (m)

nl: noodautomaat (m)

ro:

alternobaric vertigo, pressure vertigo

Dizziness caused by a difference of pressure between the middle ears.

af: alternobariese duiseligheid/ alternobariese vertigo? drukverskilduiseligheid?

de: Gleichgewichtsstörung durch Druckwechsel (f)

es: vértigo alternobárico (m)

fr: vertige alternobarique (m), vertige alternobare (m)

it: vertigine per variazione alterna di pressione (f), vertigine alternobarica (f)

nl: alternobarische duizeligheid (f)

ro:

alternobaric vertigo during ascent

af:

de: Schwindel durch ungleichmäßigen Druckausgleich beim Aufstieg (m)

es:vértigo alternobárico durante la subida (m)

fr: vertige dysbarique à la remontée (m), vertige alternobarique à la remontée (m)

it: vertigine alternobarica durante la risalita (f)

nl: alternobarische duizeligheid bij het opstijgen (f)

ro:

altitude diving

Diving at a location where the water surface is at an altitude which requires modification of decompression schedules. (more than about 300  m above sea level)

af: hoë-hoogteduik

de: Tauchen in Bergseeen (n)

es: inmersión en altitud (f)

fr: plongée en altitude (f)

it: immersione in quota (f), immersione in altitudine (f)

nl: duiken boven zeeniveau (n)

ro:

aluminium cylinder, aluminium tank, alu tank? (aluminum -US)

af: aluminium-silinder

de: Alu-Flasche (f), Aluminiumflasche (f)

es: botella de aluminio (f)

fr: bouteille alu (f), bouteille en aluminium (f)

it: bombola in alluminio (f)

nl: alu-fles (f)

ro:

alveolus, lung alveolus

af:

de: Alveole (f), Lungenbläschen (n)

es: alvéolo pulmonar (m)

fr: alvéole pulmonaire (f)

it: alveolo polmonario (m)

nl: longblaasje (n)

ro:

ambient pressure

Pressure of the surroundings.

af: omgewingsdruk

de: Umgebungsdruck (m)

es: presión ambiental (f)

fr: pression ambiante (f)

it: pressione ambientale (f)

nl: omgevingsdruk (m)

ro:

analog depth gauge

af: analoog dieptemeter

de: Analog-Tiefenmesser (m)

es: profundímetro analógico (m)

fr: profondimètre analogique (m)

it: profondimetro analogico (m)

nl: analoog dieptemeter (m)

ro:

analog display

af:

de: Analoganzeige (f)

es: visualizador analógico (m)

fr: affichage analogique (m)

it: visualizzatore analogico (m)

nl: analoog display (m, n)

ro:

anaphylactic shock

af:

de: anaphylaktischer Schock (m)

es: shock anafiláctico (m), choque anafiláctico (m)

fr: choc anaphylactique (m)

it: shock anafilattico (m)

nl: anafylaktische schok (m)

ro:

anchor

A device used to connect a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. Permanent anchors are used in the creation of a mooring, and are rarely moved; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain them. Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors, which may be of different designs and weights. A sea anchor is a drag device, not in contact with the seabed, used to control a drifting vessel.

af: anker

de: Anker (m)

es: ancla (f)

fr: ancre (f)

it: ancora (f)

nl: anker (n)

ro:

anchor (to), cast anchor (to), drop (the) anchor (to)

af:

de: ankern, verankern, den Anker auswerfen, Anker werfen

es: anclar, echar el ancla, fondear

fr: ancrer, jeter l'ancre, mouiller l'ancre

it: ancorare, gettare l'ancora, affondare l'ancora, ormeggiare

nl: ankeren, het anker uitwerpen, voor anker gaan

ro:

anchorage

af:

de: Ankerplatz (m)

es: fondeadero (m)

fr: mouillage (m)

it: ancoraggio (m)

nl: ankerplaats (m), ankergrond (m)

ro:

anchor buoy, mooring buoy, anchorage buoy

af:

de: Festmacheboje (f), Festmachetonne (f), Muringboje (f), Ankerboje (f)

es: boya de fondeado (f), boya de amarre (f)

fr: bouée d'amarrage (f)

it: boa di ormeggio (f), grippiale (m)

nl: afmeerboei (f), meerboei (f)

ro:

anchor chain

af: ankerketting

de: Ankerkette (f)

es: cadena de ancla (f)

fr: chaîne d'ancre (f)

it: catena d'àncora (f)

nl: ankerketting (f)

ro:

anchor line, anchor wire, anchor cable, shot line?

af: ankerlyn, ankerkabel

de: Ankertau (n), Ankerleine (f), Ankerseil (n), Ankerlinie (f)

es: cabo del ancla (m)

fr: ligne d'ancre (f), mouillage (m)

it: cavo d'ormeggio (m), penzolo d'ancora (m), linea dell'ancora (f), cima dell'ancora (f), cima d'ormeggio (f)

nl: ankerlijn (f)

ro:

anchor winch

A machine that lowers or raises an anchor by paying out or hauling in on the anchor cable.

af: verankeringswenas

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

anchoring

af:

de: Ankern (n), Vorankergehen (n)

es: fondeado (m)

fr: ancrage (m), mouillage (m)

it: ancoramento (m)

nl: ankeren (n)

ro:

angle of reflection, reflection angle

af: weerkaatsingshoek

de: Abstrahlungswinkel (m)

es: ángulo de reflexión (m)

fr: angle de réflexion (m)

it: angolo di riflessione (m)

nl: reflectiehoek (m)

ro:

angle of refraction, refraction angle

af: brekingshoek

de: Brechungswinkel (m)

es: ángulo de refracción (m)

fr: angle de réfraction (m)

it: angolo di rifrassione (m)

nl: brekingshoek (m)

ro:

angle of vision, angle of view

af:

de: Sehwinkel (m), Blickwinkel (m)

es: ángulo de visión (m)

fr: angle de vision (m)

it: angolo di visuale (m)

nl: gezichtshoek (m)

ro:

ankle

af: enkel

de: Knöchel (n)

es: tobillo (m)

fr: cheville (f)

it: caviglia (f)

nl: enkel (m)

ro:

ankle weight

Diving weights attached to the ankles to improve trim.

af: enkelgewig

de: Fußblei, Knöchelgewicht (n)

es: lastre de tobillos (m)

fr: plomb de cheville (m)

it: plomo di caviglia (m)

nl: enkellood (n), enkelgewicht (n)

ro:

anoxia

af: suurstofgebrek, anoksie

de: Anoxie (f), Anoxia (f)

es: anoxia (f)

fr: anoxie (f)

it: anossia (f)

nl: anoxie (f), zuurstoftekort (n)

ro:

anoxic

Completely lacking in oxygen.

af: suurstofloos, suurstofvry, anoksies

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

answer the signal (to)

af: die sein beantwoord

de: das Tauchzeichen beantworten

es: contestar a la señal

fr: répondre au signe

it: rispondere al segnale

nl: het signaal beantwoorden

ro:

anti-fog desiccant bag, desiccant bag, silica gel

af: droogmiddelsakkie

de: Silikatgel (n)

es: saquito de sales antihumedad (m)

fr: sachet de sel anti-condensation (m)

it: sacchetto di sale anti-condensazione (m)

nl: droogzoutzakje (n)

ro:

anti-fog, anti-mist, defog

af:

de: Antibeschlagmittel (n)

es: antivaho (m)

fr: antibuée (m)produit antibuée (m)

it: antiappannante (m)

nl: antibeslagmiddel (n)

ro:

anti-freeze, anti-icing

af:

de: Vereisungsschutzmittel (n)

es: antihielo (m)

fr: antigivre (m)

it: antighiacco (m), anticongelamento (m)

nl: antivriessysteem (n), antibevriezing (f)

ro:

aorta, aortic artery

af: hoof-slagaar?

de: Aorta (f), Hauptschlagader (f)

es: aorta (f)

fr: artère aorte (f), aorte (f)

it: aorta (f)

nl: aorta (f)

ro:

aphasia

An impairment of language ability which may range from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write.

af: spraakverlies

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

apnea, apnoea, breath holding

1. Suspension of breathing, breath-hold.
2. Free-diving.

af: asemhalingstilstand apnee

de: Atemstillstand (m), Apnoe (f)

es: apnea (f)

fr: apnée (f

it: apnea (f)

nl: apnea (f)

ro:

apnea diving, breath hold diving, breath diving, skin diving, lung power diving, free diving

af:

de: Apnoe (f), Apnoe-Tauchen (n), Apnoe-Sport (m), Freitauchen (n)

es: apnea (f), buceo en apnea (m), buceo libre (m)

fr: apnée (f), plongée en apnée (f), plongée libre (f)

it: apnea (f), immersione in apnea (f)

nl: apnea (f), apnea-duiken (n), vrijduiken (n)

ro:

apnea duration, duration of the apnea

af:

de: Dauer der Apnoe (f)

es: duración de la apnea (f)

fr: durée de l'apnée (f)

it: durata dell' apnea (f)

nl: duur van de apnee (f)

ro:

apparent size

af: skyngrootte

de: Scheingröße (f)

es: tamaño aparente (m)

fr: taille apparente (f), grandeur apparente (m)

it: grandezza apparente (f)

nl: schijngrootte (f)

ro:

apparent weight

af: onderwatergewig

de: Unterwassergewicht (n), Scheingewicht (n)

es: peso aparente (m)

fr: poids apparent (m)

it: peso apparente (m)

nl: onderwatergewicht (n)

nl:

Aqua-lung

Self contained open circuit underwater breathing equipment consisting of a diving cylinder and diving regulator. Originally the Cousteau-Gagnan system, later generic open circuit scuba set.

af: duiklong skuba skuba-stel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Association of Offshore Diving Contractors (AODC)

One of the predecessors to IMCA.

Ar

arterial bubble model

Decompression model in which the filtering capacity of the lung is assumed to have a threshold radius of the size of a red blood cell and sufficiently small decompression bubbles can pass to the arterial side of the systemic circulation, especially during the initial phase of ascent.

af: arteriese borrelmodel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

arterial gas embolism

Blockage of an artery by a gas bubble. A possible consequence of lung overpressure injury.

af: arteriese gasembolisme, slagaar gasverstopping?

de: arterielle Luftembolie (f)

es: embolia gaseosa arterial (f)

fr: embolie artérielle gazeuse (f)

it: embolia gassosa arteriosa (f)

nl: arteriële luchtembolie (f)

ro:

articulated loading platform (ALP)

A type of single point mooring consisting of a buoyant upper structure with a lattice leg linked by an articulating joint to a mooring block.

af: geartikuleerde laaiplatform

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

AR vest

A waistcoat (vest) style harness of heavy cloth with strong adjustable webbing straps so that the diver can not slide out under any predictable circumstance.

af: AR-baadjie

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

ascend (to), go up (to)

af: styg, opstyg

de: steigen, aufsteigen

es: subir, ascender

fr: monter, remonter

it: salire, risalire

nl: stijgen, opstijgen, weer opstijgen

ascent

Part of the dive profile where the diver is moving upwards towards the surface. An ascent may be interrupted by stops (q.v.), when the diver maintains a functionally constant depth for the purpose of decompression, and pulls (q.v.), during which periods there is consistently upwards movement (minor variations in the scale of a few seconds are generally ignored).

af: opstyging, styging

de: Aufstieg (m), Wiederaufstieg (m)

es: subida (f), ascenso (m)

fr: remontée (f)

it: risalita (f)

nl: opstijging (f)

ro:

ascent bottle, emergency cylinder, emergency tank, bailout cylinder/tank/bottle

af: noodsilinder

de: Notflasche (f)

es: botella de seguridad (f)

fr: bouteille de secours (f)

it: bombola di emergenza (f)

nl: noodfles (f)

ro:

ascent rate, ascent speed

The rate at which depth is reduced at the end of a dive. An important component of decompression.

af: stygtempo

de: Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit (f)

es: velocidad de ascenso (f)

fr: vitesse de remontée (f)

it: velocità di risalita (f)

nl: opstijgsnelheid (f), stijgsnelheid (f)

ro:

ascent time

The total time taken to ascend including in-water decompression. Not necessarily the time taken from the deepest point of the dive.

af: stygtyd

de: Aufstiegzeit (f), Austauchzeit (f)

es: tiempo de ascenso (m)

fr: temps de remontée (m), durée de la remontée (f)

it: durata della risalita (f), tempo di risalita (m)

nl: opstijgtijd (f)

ro:

asphyxia, asphyxiation

af: verstikking

de: Ersticken (n), Asphyxie (f)

es: asfixia (f)

fr: asphyxie (f)

it: asfissia (f)

nl: verstikking (f), asfyxie (f)

ro:

assisted ascent

af:

de: unterstützter Aufstieg (m)

es: ascenso asistido (m)

fr: remontée assistée (f)

it: risalita assistita (f)

nl: geassisteerde opstijging (f)

ro:

Association of SCUBA Service Engineers and Technicians (A.S.S.E.T.)

athwartships

Transversely across the vessel.

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

atmosphere

af:

de: Atmosphäre (f)

es: atmósfera (f)

fr: atmosphère (f)

it: atmosfera (f)

nl: atmosfeer (f)

ro:

atmospheric pressure, barometric pressure

af:

de: Luftdruck (m), atmosphärischer Druck (m)

es: presión atmosférica (f)

fr: pression atmosphérique (f), pression barométrique (f)

it: pressione atmosferica (f)

nl: luchtdruk (m)

ro:

atmospheric diving suit (ADS)

A small one-man articulated submersible of anthropomorphic form which resembles a suit of armour, with elaborate pressure joints to allow articulation while maintaining an internal pressure of one atmosphere.

af: atmosferiese duikpak?

de: Panzertauchanzug

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

atmospheres absolute, (ATA)

Unit of absolute pressure equivalent to standard atmospheric pressure

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

attack swimmer

see combat swimmer

af: aanvalswemmer?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

attitude, swimming position

af: houding, swemposisie

de: Schwimmlage (f), Tauchlage (f)

es: posición (f)

fr: position dans l'eau (f)

it: assetto (m)

nl: zwempositie (f), zwemhouding (f)

ro:

audible alarm, beeper, alarm sound

af:

de: Warnsignal (n), Warnton (m), akustisches Alarmsignal (n)

es: alarma acústica (f), alarma sonora (f)

fr: alarme sonore (f)

it: allarme sonoro (m), allarme acustico (m)

nl: hoorbaar alarm (n)

ro:

audible signal

af:

de: akustisches Signal (n)

es: señal sonora (f)

fr: signal acoustique (m)

it: segnale acustico (m)

nl: geluidssignaal (n)

ro:

audible signalling device, shaker

af:

de: UW-Rassel (f), mechanisches UW-Signalgerät (n), Shaker (m)

es: avisador acústico (m), avisador sonoro (m), shaker (m)

fr: avertisseur sonore (m), shaker (m)

it: segnalatore acustico (m), shaker (m)

nl: geluidssignaal (n), shaker (m)

ro:

aural barotrauma

af:

de: Barotrauma des Ohrs (n)

es: barotraumatismo del oído (m)

fr: barotraumatisme de l'oreille (m)

it: barotraumatismo dell'orechhio (m)

nl: barotrauma van het oor (f, n)

automatic diluent valve (ADV)

A demand valve set into the breathing loop of a rebreather to inject diluent gas into the loop when the loop volume falls and there is not enough gas for inhalation.

af: outomatiese verdunnerklep

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Autonomous diver

EN 14153-2 / ISO 24801-2 standard competence for recreational scuba diver. The level 2 "Autonomous diver" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to make dives, in open water, which do not require in-water decompression stops, to a recommended maximum depth of 20 m with other scuba divers of the same level, only when appropriate support is available at the surface, and under conditions that are equal or better than the conditions where they were trained without supervision of a scuba instructor, unless they have additional training or are accompanied by a dive leader.

af: selfstandige duiker

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

autonomy

af:

de: Autonomie (f)

es: autonomía (f)

fr: autonomie (f)

it: autonomia (f)

nl: autonomie (f)

ro:

auxiliary cylinder, pony cylinder, pony tank, pony bottle

af:

de: Hilfsflasche (f), Pony-Flasche (f), Notflasche (f)

es: botella de recambio (f)

fr: bouteille auxiliaire (f)

it: bombola ausiliara (f), bombolino di riserva (m)

nl: hulpfles (f)

ro:

Azimuth thruster

Thruster which is steerable on a vertical axis.

af: asimut-stuwer?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

B

back gas

Breathing gas carried by a scuba diver in back mounted cylinders. Generally the primary breathing gas for the bottom or longest sector of a dive.

af: ruggas ?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

back kick, backward kick

A finning technique for moving backwards. Not an easy, powerful or elegant kick, but useful in many situations. The fins are angled outwards in opposite directions with the legs straight, then swept upwards and towards the diver by bending the knees in the power stroke. The knees may move downwards a bit at the same time by bending at the hips for stability. The return stroke feathers the fins by pointing them backwards in line with the body axis, to reduce forward thrust until the legs are straight again

af: truskop?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

backmount, back mount

The practice of carrying a scuba set on the back of the diver, supported by a harness, backplate or stabilisor jacket BCD. Compare with sidemount

af: rugmontering (s.nw.)/ rugmonteer (ww.)

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

backplate

A plate, normally made from metal, which rests against the diver’s back, and to which the primary scuba cylinders are attached. Held to the body by harness straps over the shoulders and round the waist. Sometimes also crotch straps and chest straps. Usually used with a back inflation buoyancy compensator.

af: rugplaat

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

backpack, backplate?

A rigid or semi-rigid structure similar in function to a backplate, usually made of moulded plastic, but sometimes of metal, used either as a stiffener and reinforcement for a jacket style buoyancy compensator, or as the basis of a scuba harness independent of a buoyancy compensator. The backpack supports and stabilises the scuba cylinder on the diver's back.

af: rugpak, rugraam?

de: Rückentrage (f), Tragschale (f)

es: soporte de la botella (m), backpack (m)

fr: dosseret (m), back-pack (m)

it: schienalino (m), backpack (m)

nl: back-pack (m), rugplaat (f)

ro:

backup light

Dive light carried as a spare to be used in case of failure of the primary light.

af: rugsteunlig

de: Backuplampe, Reservelampe

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

backup regulator

also secondary, safe second or octopus

A second regulator connected to a cylinder or manifolded twin set.

af: rugsteunreguleerder

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

backward roll entry, backward roll, back roll entry

Water entry method in which the seated diver rolls backwards off the side of the boat, allowing the scuba cylinders to strike the water first.

af: agteruitrol-toegang? agteruitrol?

de: Rolle rückwärts (f)

es: salto hacia atrás (m), basculante dorsal (m)

fr: saut arrière (m), saut roulé arrière (m), culbute arrière (f)

it: salto indietro (m), entrata di schiena (f), entrata rotolata (f)

nl: rol achterwaarts (f), rol achterover (f)

ro:

bail out (to), scoop (to)?

af:

de: ausschöpfen

es: achicar

fr: écoper

it: aggottare, sgottare

nl: uithozen

ro:

bailout block

see also gas block, or gas switching block

A gas switching block specifically intended for connection of a bailout set to the main gas supply (which may be scuba or surface supply) which allows the diver to switch from main gas supply to emergency gas supply while continuously using the same mouthpiece, regulator second stage, full face mask or helmet. A bailout block is generally used on open circuit breathing apparatus, the equivalent function on a rebreather is provided by a bailout valve (BOV). The bailout block may be mounted on the side of a diving helmet or full-face mask, or may be mounted in a convenient place on the diver's harness, and includes a bailout valve, used to select the gas source, and one or more non-return valves to ensure that the emergency gas supply is directed only to the diver.

af: noodgasblok? gasblok, gasskakelblok, gasomskakelblok?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bailout cylinder, emergency gas supply, emergency gas cylinder

A scuba cylinder carried by an underwater diver for use as an emergency supply of breathing gas in the event of a primary gas supply failure.

af: noodgas-silinder?

de: Bail-Out-Flasche

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bailout valve, BOV

1. An open circuit demand valve built into a rebreather mouthpiece, or other part of the breathing loop, which can be isolated while the diver is using the rebreather to recycle breathing gas, and opened at the same time as isolating the breathing loop when the diver bails out to open circuit.
2. A valve which opens the gas supply from the bailout cylinder of a surface supplied diver, used in case of surface gas failure, usually mounted on the side of a diving helmet or full-face mask, or on a manifold block on the diver's harness.

af: noodgasklep?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bailout set

An independent breathing gas supply carried by a diver for use in case of failure of the main gas supply. Usually consists of a bailout cylinder with a first stage regulator, and either a second stage regulator or connected to a bailout block or bailout valve (q.v.) A submersible pressure gauge is also usually provided.

af: noodgasstel?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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baited remote underwater video (BRUV)

A system for assessing fish populations using video cameras to record fish attracted to a bait canister.

af: afstandbeheerde onderwatervideo met aas

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

balance (to), compensate (to), stabilize (to), control the buoyancy (to)

af:

de: ausgleichen, tarieren, austarieren, sich austarieren, sich stabilisieren

es: compensar, equilibrar, estabilizarce

fr: équilibrer, s'équilibrer, compenser

it: compensare, equilibrare, stabilizzarci

nl: compenseren, balanceren, trimmen, uittrimmen

ro:

balance, buoyancy control, buoyancy regulation

af:

de: Austarieren (n), Einstellung der korrekten Tarierung (f)

es: control de la flotabilidad (m), estabilización (f)

fr: contrôle de la flottabilité (m), réglage de la flottabilité (m)

it: controllo de la gallegiabilità (m)

nl: korrekt uittrimmen (n)

ro:

balance, equilibrium

af: balans, ewewig

de: Gleichgewicht (n)

es: equilibrio (m)

fr: équilibre (m)

it: equilibrio (m)

nl: evenwicht (n)

ro:

balanced diaphragm, balanced membrane?

af: balanseerde diafragma

de: kompensierte Membran (f)

es: membrana compensada (f)

fr: membrane compensée (f)

it: membrana bilanciata (f), membrana compensata (f)

nl: gecompenseerd membraan (n), gecompenseerde membraan (f)

ro:

balanced first stage

af: gebalanseerde eerste stadium

de: kompensierte erste Stufe (f)

es: primera etapa compensada (f)

fr: premier étage compensé (m)

it: primo stadio compensato (m), primo stadio compensato bilanciato (m)

nl: gestabiliseerde eerste trap (m), gebalanceerde eerste trap (m)

ro:

balanced piston, flowthrough piston

af: gebalanseerde suier

de: kompensierter Kolben (m)

es: pistón compensado (m)

fr: piston compensé (m)

it: pistone compensato (m), pistone bilanciato (m)

nl: gestabiliseerde piston (m), gebalanceerde zuiger (m)

ro:

balanced regulator

Regulator designed to provide a consistent demand effort not affected by cylinder gas pressure or depth.

af: balanseerreguleerder

de: kompensierter Lungenautomat (m), kompensierter Atemregler (m)

es: regulador compensado (m)

fr: détendeur compensé (m)

it: erogatore compensato (m), erogatore bilanciato (m)

nl: gebalanceerde automaat (m), gestabiliseerde automaat (m)

ro:

balanced second stage

af: gebalanseerde tweede stadium

de: kompensierte zweite Stufe (f)

es: segunda etapa compensada (f)

fr: deuxième étage compensé (m)

it: secondo stadio bilanciato (m)

nl: gebalanceerde tweede trap (m), gestabiliseerde tweede trap (m)

ro:

ballast

af:

de: Ballast (m), Gewicht (n)

es: balasto (m), lastre (m)

fr: ballast (m), lest (m)

it: ballast (m), zavorra (f)

nl: ballast (m), lood (n)

ro:

ballast sled, sled, shot, counterweight

af:

de: Gewichtsschlitten (m), Gewicht (n), Gewichtsklotz (m), Schlitten (m)

es: trineo (m), lingote (de lastre) (m)

fr: gueuse (f)

it: slitta (f), slitta-zavorra (f)

nl: contragewicht (n), ballast (m)

ro:

band mask

A heavy duty full-face mask with many of the characteristics of a lightweight demand helmet. In structure it is the front section of a lightweight helmet from above the faceplate to below the demand valve and exhaust ports, including the bailout block and communications connections on the sides. This rigid frame is attached to a neoprene hood by a metal clamping band, hence the name.

af: bandmasker?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bands

see cylinder bands

af: silinderbande

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bank, cylinder bank

Set of storage cylinders connected to a high pressure compressor to accumulate compressed air while the compressor runs but is not actively filling an independent cylinder. The bank can also be used for decanting.

af: bank? bergingsbank? bergingssilinderstel?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bar

Metric unit of pressure commonly used in diving, equal to 100 kiloPascal, 10 metres seawater, and nearly equal to standard atmospheric pressure.

af: bar

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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barodontalgia

Tooth pain caused by pressure difference.

af: druktandpyn?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

barosinusitis, sinus squeeze, sinus barotrauma

af:

de: Barotrauma der Nasennebenhöhlen (n)

es: barosinusitis (f)

fr: barotraumatisme des sinus (m)

it: barotraumatismo sinusale (m), sinusopatia barotraumatica (f)

nl: neusbijholteontsteking (f), neusbijholten-barotrauma (f, n)

ro:

barotrauma, squeeze

Injury caused by pressure difference.

af: barotrauma? drukbesering?

de: Barotrauma (n)

es: barotraumatismo (m)

fr: barotraumatisme (m)

it: barotraumatismo (m), barotrauma (m)

nl: barotrauma (f, n)

ro:

baseline

af: basislyn, verwysingslyn? grondlyn?

tank factor

1. (also tank factor) Numeric value computed for a cylinder or manifolded set that relates volume and pressure in the imperial system of units. Computed by dividing nominal capacity (cubic feet) by cylinder working pressure (psi) to express cubic feet of volume per psi of fill pressure (sometimes multiplied by 100 to give cubic feet per 100 psi). Used to convert cylinder pressure to free gas volume.
2. A line that is a base for measurement or for construction; see datum (calculations or comparisons)
3. A data set which is a point of reference (engineering or science) for later data.

af: silinderfaktor

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

basic equipment

af: basiese toerusting

de: ABC-Ausrüstung (f), Grundausrüstung (f)

es: equipo básico (m)

fr: équipement de base (m), PMT

it: attrezzatura di base (f)

nl: basisuitrusting (f)

nl: ABC-uitrusting (f)

ro:

basket, diving basket

see diving stage

af: duikmandjie

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bathing costume, swim suit

af: swempak, swembroek, baaikostuum

de: Schwimmanzug (m), Schwimmhose (f), Badehose (f), Badeanzug (m)

es: traje de baño (m), bañador (m)

fr: maillot de bain (m)

it: costume da bagno (m)

nl: zwempak (n), badpak (n)

ro:

BAT wing

Buoyancy And Trim wing. A back mounted buoyancy compensator cell used with sidemount harness. The buoyancy volume is mostly over the lower back.

battery

af: battery

de: Batterie (f)

es: batería (f)

fr: batterie (f)

it: batteria (f)

nl: batterij (f)

ro:

battery canister

af:

de: Akkutank

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

battery charger

af:

de: Batterienladegerät (n), Lader (m)

es: cargador de bateria (m)

fr: chargeur de batterie (m)

it: caricabatteria (m), ricaricatore (m), caricatore di batteria (m)

nl: accu-oplader (m), acculader (m)

ro:

BC, BCD

see buoyancy compensator

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

BCD blowup

Uncontrolled buoyant ascent caused by inability to release gas from the buoyancy compensator faster than it expands due to pressure reduction of ascent.

af: BCD opblaas

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Be

beach master

see also dive marshal

A person on the beach who records when divers enter and exit the water. Typically used during recreational scuba training to keep track of the students, watch the gear, and provide assistance when required.

af: strandmeester?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

béance tubaire volontaire (BTV)

Voluntary opening of the Eustachian tubes to equalise the middle ear.

af: vrywillige buisopening?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bell

1. Diving bell
2. Short tug on a lifeline, used in pairs, for signalling purposes.

af: klok

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bell cursor

Mechanism or structure for guiding and constraining the motion of a bell when in the close vicinity of the deployment platform to improve handling in bad weather.

af: klokleibaan? duikklokleibaan?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bell harness

A safety harness made of strong webbing, which is fastened around a diver over the exposure suit, and allows the diver to be lifted without risk of falling out of the harness.

af: klokharnas? kloktuig?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bellman

Standby diver operating from the the diving bell

af: klokduiker? klokman? klokbediener?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bell run

The part of a bell dive operation from bell lock-off to bell lock-on (away from and back to the life support system)

af: kloktog?

bell stage

A framework extending below a closed bell which keeps the base of the pressure vessel off the bottom sufficiently to provide clearance for the divers to use the bottom hatch when the bell is resting on the bottom or on the clump weight.

de:

es:

fr:

it:

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af: klokraam

bell umbilical

The combined supply and return hoses and cables for life-support, power and communications between a diving bell and the support platform.

af: kloktoevoerslang

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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belt slide, also belt slider, triglide, weight stop, weight slider

Hardware item with two parallel slots which is fitted to harness or weightbelt webbing to prevent other components such as D-rings and weights from sliding along the webbing.

af: gordelskuifstuk?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

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benign conditions

Diving conditions: Confined water of shallow depth and lacking significant hazards.

af: veilige omstandighede

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bent D-ring

A D-ring which has been bent about 45° near the straight section on both sides, forcing it to project slightly from the harness when pushed to one side, allowing easier attachment of clips.

af: gebuigde D-ring

de:

es:

fr:

it:

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bends

See decompression sickness: Injury caused by inert gas bubble formation in the body tissues after hyperbaric exposure.

dekompressiesiekte, borrelsiekte, duikerssiekte, caisson siekte

de:

es:

fr:

it:

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Billy ring

Three D rings welded together along their straight sides so that one is perpendicular to the other two. This uses the two flat rings to maintain the third in an upright position when mounted on harness webbing, allowing it to be more easily accessed to clip on stage cylinders. Named after Captain Billy Deans.

af:

de:

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bilge keel

Bilge keels usually a pair of low aspect ratio fins following the direction of water flow along the turn of the bilges, used to reduce roll and sometimes to resist leeway.

af: buikkiel, kimkiel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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binary mixture

af:

de: Zweistoffgemisch (n)

es: mezcla binaria (f)

fr: mélange binaire (m)

it: miscela binaria (f)

nl: binair mengsel (n)

ro:

bitt

af:

de: Beting (m)

es: bita (f)

fr: bitte (f)

it: bitta (f)

nl: bolder (m), beting (f)

ro:

BK hook, also B.K. hook or BK safety hook

A type of safety lifting hook which is held closed when under load by a lever system where the weight of the load holds the bill of the hook against the safety latch.

af: BK-veiligheidshaak

de:

es:

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it:

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blade

the flexible flat part of a swimfin

af: blad?

de: Blatt (n)

es: lámina (f), hoja (f)

fr: lame (f)

it: taglio (m), lama (f)

nl: blad (n)

ro:

bleed (to), deflate (to), purge (to), dump (to), clear (to), drain (to), drain off (to), let the air out (to)

af:

de: ausblasen, leeren, entleeren

es: deshinchar, purgar

fr: dégonfler, purger, vider

it: scaricare, sgonfiare, spurgare

nl: ontluchten, uitblazen, de lucht uitlaten, lucht afblazen, aflaten

ro:

bleed cock, bleed valve, venting valve

af:

de: Entlüftungsventil (n), Ablassventil (n)

es: válvula de purga (f)

fr: vanne de purge (f)

it: valvola di scarico (f)

nl: ontluchtingsventiel (n)

ro:

blending stick

Mixing tube in which gases are continuously mixed prior to intake by a compressor, usually at atmospheric pressure. Usually refers to manufacture of nitrox from air with added oxygen, but also used for trimix. Gas mixture is usually continuously analysed at the exit of the blending stick to monitor composition.

af: mengbuis? mengpyp?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

blind traverse

Passing through a cave from one entrance to a different exit which the diver has not used before.

af: blinde/onbekende roetepeiling?

de:

es:

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it:

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block adaptor

Screw-in adaptor fitting which is fitted to a 200/240 bar DIN pillar valve to allow connection of a yoke regulator or filling whip.

af: pasblok

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

blowdown

Procedure of pressurising a diving chamber or saturation habitat.

af: afblaas?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

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blowout

Uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from a well after pressure control systems have failed.

af: uitbarsting, uitbars

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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blowout preventer (BOP)

A large, specialized valve used to seal, control and monitor oil and gas wells. Generally operated remotely by hydraulic ram.

af: uitbarskeerder?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Blowout preventer stack, BOP stack

An assembly of several blowout preventer rams which may be used to shut off a well.

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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blow-up

af: ongekontroleerde opstyging

de: Blow-up (m)

es: subida en balón (f), ascenso en balón (m), subida incontrolada (f), blow-up (m)

fr: remontée en ballon (f), blow-up (m)

it: risalita a pallone (f), blow-up (m), pallonata (f)

nl: blow-up (m), ongekontroleerde opstijging (m)

ro:

blue hole

A sink-hole in a lake or the sea that is often the entrance to a cave. Blue holes connected to the sea are subject to tides so that their flows regularly reverse.

af: blou gat

de: Quellhöhle (f)

es: agujero azul (m)

fr: trou bleu (m)

it: buco blu (m), blue hole (m)

nl: blue hole (m)

ro:

Bo

boat, ship, vessel

af: boot, skip, vaartuig

de: Schiff (n), Boot (n)

es: barco (m), buque (m), embarcación (f)

fr: bateau (m), navire (m)

it: barca (f), nave (f), vascello (m), imbarcazione (f)

nl: schip (n), boot (m)

ro:

boat dive

af: bootduik

de: Tauchgang vom Boot aus (m)

es: inmersión con embarcación (f)

fr: plongée du bateau (f)

it: immersione dalla barca (f)

nl: bootduik (m)

ro:

boat diving tour, boat diving trip

af: bootduikvaart?

de: Tauchfahrt mit dem Schiff (f)

es: salida de buceo en barco (f)

fr: sortie de plongée en bateau (f)

it: uscita con barca (f)

nl: duikvaart met de boot (f)

ro:

boiler

Pressure vessel in which water is heated to provide steam to power steamships or for auxiliary power. Often a recognisable part of the wreck of such a vessel.

af: stoomketel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bollard

A sturdy post on a ship or quay used principally for securing mooring lines.

af: bolder

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bolt snap, piston bolt

A metal connecter comprising a hook with a spring-loaded axial sliding rod gate which must be manually retracted to allow the hook to be clipped onto something or removed. May be single- or double-ended, and if single-ended is usually fitted with a swivel ring opposite the jaws.

af: suierskakel? suierknip?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bomb

Commercial diver slang for high pressure gas storage cylinder of around 50 litres water capacity, also known as a J.

af: bom?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bondage wing

see bungee wing

Derogatory term for bungee wing based on fetishist terminology.

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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bonnet

The upper part of a copper helmet which encloses the diver's head and is sealed to the lower part or corselet (q.v.)

af: hoed? kopstuk?

de: Kugelhelm

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

booster, booster pump

Machine used to increase pressure of a gas. Usually refers to the case where inlet pressure is above ambient pressure already.

af: gasverdigter, gasaanjaer? aanjaagpomp, aanjapomp

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

boot, bootie

af: duikskoen?

de: Füßling (m)

es: escarpín (m), botín (m), botina (f)

fr: bottillon (m), chausson (m)

it: calzare (m), stivalo (m)

nl: botje (n), duikschoen (m), laars (m), duiklaars (m)

ro:

bottle, cylinder, tank

af:

de: Flasche (f), Tauchflasche (f)

es: bloque (m), bloc (m), botella (f)

fr: bouteille (f), bloc (m), bloc-bouteille (m)

it: bombola (f)

nl: cilinder (m), duikfles (f), persluchtcilinder (m), fles (f), tank (m)

ro:

bottom (seabed)

af: bodem

de: Boden (m)

es: fondo (m)

fr: fond (m)

it: fondale (m), fondo (m)

nl: bodem (m)

ro:

bottom current

af: bodemstroom?

de: Bodenströmung (f)

es: corriente de fondo (f)

fr: courant de fond (m)

it: corrente di fondo (f)

nl: bodemstroming (f)

ro:

bottom relief

af:

de: Bodenrelief (n), Bodengestaltung (f)

es: relieve del fondo (m)

fr: relief du fond (m), configuration du fond (f)

af: rilievo del terreno (m), configurazione del fondo (f)

nl: bodemreliëf (n)

ro:

bottom gas

The gas breathed by the diver at the deepest part of the dive. Compare with travel gas and decompression gas.

af: bodemgas?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bottom time, actual bottom time (ABT)

Time used in calculating decompression obligation from decompression tables. For most tables this is defined as the elapsed time from starting the descent to starting the final ascent to the surface, excluding ascent and decompression time.

af: bodemtyd?

de: Grundzeit (f)

es: tiempo en el fondo (m)

fr: temps au fond (m), durée de la plongée jusqu'au moment où on entame la remontée (f)

it: tempo di fondo (m), tempo di permanenza sul fondo (m)

nl: bodemtijd (f)

ro:

bottom timer

Device used to measure and record the total time spent underwater during a dive. They do not generally only record bottom time, but also maximum depth, and sometimes also depth at regular intervals and water temperature.

af: bodemtydhouer? profielmeter?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bounce dive, also surface oriented dive, short dive

1. In commercial diving, bounce diving is the alternative to saturation diving. Any dive where the diver is decompressed to surface pressure directly after the dive.
2. In recreational diving, a bounce dive is a descent to maximum depth and then a direct ascent back to the surface with the minimal bottom time, in a dive profile resembling a spike. Decompression stops may be required.

af: terugsprongduik? oppervlaksgeoriënteerdeduik? kortduik?

de: Kurzzeittauchgang (m)

es: inmersión de corta duración (f)

fr: plongée de courte durée (f)

it: immersione di corte durata (f), immersione di breve durata (f)

nl: korte duik (m)

ro:

Bourdon tube

af: Bourdonbuis?

de: Bourdon-Röhre (f), Bourdon'sche Röhre (f), Bourdonrohr (n)

es: tubo de Bourdon (m)

fr: tube de Bourdon (m)

it: tubo di Bourdon (m)

nl: Bourdonbuis (f)

ro:

Bourdon tube depth gauge

af: Bourdonbuisdieptemeter?

de: Bourdonröhre-Tiefenmesser (m)

es: profundímetro de tubo de Bourdon (m)

fr: profondimètre à tube de Bourdon (m)

it: profondimetro a tubo de Bourdon (m)

nl: Bourdonbuisdieptemeter (m)

ro:

bow, prow

The forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway.

af: boeg, voorstewe

de: Bug (m)

es: proa (f)

fr: proue (f)

it: prua (f)

nl: voorsteven (m), boeg (m)

ro:

bowline

Knot used to form a secure, non-slipping loop at the end of a line.

af: paalsteek

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bow roller, anchor roller

A roller mounted at the bow of a boat as a fairlead for the anchor cable.

af: ankerroller?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bow thruster

A transverse thrust propulsion device built into, or mounted to the bow of a ship or boat, to make it more maneuverable.

af:

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

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Boyle's law

Relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature in an ideal gas.

af: Boyle se wet

de: Boyle-Mariotte-Gesetz (n)

es: ley de Boyle-Mariotte (f)

fr: loi de Boyle et Mariotte (f)

it: legge di Boyle e Mariotte (f)

nl: wet van Boyle-Mariotte

ro:

brass

af: geelkoper

de: Messing (m)

es: latón (m)

fr: laiton (m)

it: ottone (m)

nl: messing, geelkoper (n)

ro:

break (to), damage (to)

af: breek, beskadig

de: zerbrechen, kaputt machen, brechen, beschädigen

es: romper, estropear

fr: casser, abîmer, endommager

it: fratturare, dannegiare, avariare, offendere

nl: breken, beschadigen

ro:

breakdown, failure

af: breuk, storing, defek

de: Störung (f), Panne (f)

es: avería (f), fallo (m)

fr: panne (f)

it: guasto (m)

nl: pech (m), storing (f), defect (n)

ro:

breakdown room

An area in a cave where a large amount of material has fallen from the overhead.

af: rommelwerf ?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

breaker

af:

de: Brecher (m)

es: rompientes (m)

fr: brisant (m)

it: frangente (m)

nl: breker (m)

ro:

breakout

The point at which an object being lifted which is partly embedded in the bottom sediments overcomes the adhesion of the sediments and the force required to lift it drops to the apparent weight of the object.

af: losbreek

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

breakwater, mole

af:

de: Wellenbrecher (m)

es: escollera (f)

fr: brise-lames (m)

it: frangiflutti (m), frangionde (m)

nl: golfbreker (m)

ro:

breath hold diver, free diver

af:

de: Apnoe-Taucher (m), Apnoist (m), Freitaucher (m)

es: apneista (m)

fr: apnéiste (m), plongeur en apnée (m), plongeur en libre

it: apneista (m)

nl: apnea-duiker (m)

ro:

breath hold diving, free diving, apnea diving, skin diving, breath diving? lung power diving?

af:

de: Apnoe (f), Apnoe-Tauchen (n), Apnoe-Sport (m), Freitauchen (n)

es: apnea (f), buceo en apnea (m), buceo libre (m)

fr: apnée (f), plongée en apnée (f), plongée libre (f)

it: apnea (f), immersione in apnea (f)

ne: apnea (f), apnea-duiken (n), vrijduiken (n)

ro:

breath holding, apnea

af:

de: Atemstillstand (m), Apnoe (f)

es: apnea (f)

fr: apnée (f)

it: apnea (f)

nl: apnea (f)

ro:

breath of air, puff

af:

de: Luftzug (m)

es: bocanada de aire (f)

fr: bouffée d'air (f)

it: boccata de aria (f)

nl: trek lucht (m)

ro:

breathable mixture, gas mixture, mixed gas

af: asembare gasmengsel, gasmengsel

de: Gasgemisch (n), Mischgas (n)

es: mezcla gaseosa (f), mezcla respiratoria (f), mezcla respirable (f), mezclador de gases (m)

fr: mélange gazeux (m), mélange respiratoire (m)

it: miscela gassosa (f), miscela respiratoria (f)

nl: gasmengsel (n), ademmengsel (n)

ro:

breathe (to)

af: haal asem

de: atmen

es: respirar

fr: respirer

it: respirare

nl: ademen

ro:

breathing gas, breathing mixture

Gas supplied to the diver to breathe, either directly to the diver or to the hyperbaric environment of the diving bell, dive chamber or saturation habitat.

af: asemhalingsgas? asemgas, asemhaalgas, asemmengsel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro: amestec respirator

breathing loop

The gas flow path in a rebreather comprising the diver's lungs, the mouthpiece, valves, hoses, counterlungs and scrubber through which gas is recirculated.

af: asembaan? asemkring? asemlus?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

breathe alternately (to), buddy breathe (to), share the demand valve (to)

af:

de: Wechselatmung betreiben, abwechselnd atmen, wechselseitig atmen

es: respirar a dos con un solo regulador

fr: respirer à deux sur un scaphandre, faire des passages d'embout

it: respirare da un solo erogatore, respirare a due dalla stessa bombola

nl: alternerend op één enkele automaat ademen, met twee op één mondstuk ademen, buddy-breathen

ro:

breathe in (to), inhale (to)

af: inasem

de: einatmen

es: inspirar, inhalar

fr: inspirer

it: inspirare

nl: inademen

ro:

breathe out (to), exhale (to)

af: uitasem

de: ausatmen

es: espirar, exhalar

fr: expirer

it: espirare

nl: uitademen

ro:

breathing apparatus, diving apparatus, diving dress

af: asemapparaat, duikapparaat

de: Tauchgerät (n), Tauchanzug (m)

es: escafandra (f), scafandro (m)

fr: scaphandre (m)

it: scafander (m)

nl: duikapparatuur (f)

ro:

breathing bag, respiratory bag

af: asemsak

de: Beatmungsbeutel (m)

es: saco respiratorio (m), saco de ventilación (m)

fr: sac respiratoire (m)

it: sacco di respirazione (m), sacco-polmone (m)

nl: ademzak (m)

ro:

breathing comfort

af: asemgerieflikheid? asemhalingsgerief?

de: Atemkomfort (m)

es: confort respiratorio (m)

fr: confort respiratoire (m)

it: comfort respiratorio (m)

nl: ademhalingscomfort (n)

ro:

breathing cycle, respiratory cycle

af:

de: Atemzyklus (m)

es: ciclo respiratorio (m)

fr: cycle respiratoire (m)

it: ciclo respiratorio (m)

nl: ademcyclus (m)

breathing out, expiration, exhalation

af: uitasem

de: Ausatmen (n), Atemstoß (m), Ausatmung (f)

es: espiración (f)

fr: expiration (f)

it: espirazione (f)

nl: uitademing (f)

ro:

breathing reflex, respiratory reflex

af:

de: Atemreflex (m), Atemreiz (m)

es: reflejo respiratorio (m)

fr: réflexe respiratoire (m)

it: riflesso respiratorio (m)

nl: ademhalingsprikkel (m)

ro:

breathing resistance

af: asemhalingsweerstand, asemweerstand

de: Atemwiderstand (m)

es: resistencia respiratoria (f)

fr: résistance respiratoire (f)

it: resistenza respiratoria (f), resistenza alla respirazione (f)

nl: weerstand bij de ademhaling (m), ademhalingsweerstand (m)

ro:

breathing, respiration

af: asemhaling

de: Atem (m), Atemzug (m), Atmen (n)

es: respiración (f)

fr: respiration (f)

it: respirazione (f)

nl: ademteug (m), adem (m), ademen (n), ademhaling (f)

ro:

breathlessness, overbreathing?

af: asemnood?

de: Essoufflement (n), Atemnot (f), Außer-Atem-Geraten (n)

es: ahogo (m), asfixia (f), sofoco (m)

fr: essoufflement (m)

it: affano (m)

nl: ademnood (f), ademtekort (n), ademloosheid (f), hijgtoestand (m), buiten adem zijn (n)

ro:

Broco cutter

A type of thermal lance initiated by an electric arc, in common use for underwater cutting work.

af: Broco-snyer? Broco-snyapparaat?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Bu

bubble models

Decompression models based on the assumption that bubbles will form during non-symptomatic decompression.

af: borrelmodelle?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy, buddy diver, dive buddy

A diver of compatible interest, experience, ability and equipment who is willing to share a dive, continuously monitoring the other diver throughout the entry, the dive and the exit, and remaining within such distance that they could render immediate assistance to the other if required, and relying on reciprocal commitment from the other diver for safety.

af: makker, makkerduiker, duikmakker, duikmaat?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy bottle

Bailout cylinder carried by a scuba diver, particularly when diving solo. The cylinder is intended to compensate for the lack of buddy-supplied emergency breathing gas.

af: makkersilinder?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy breathing

Sharing breathing gas from one demand valve by two or more divers, generally after an out-of-gas emergency.

af: makkerasemhaling? wisselasemhaling?

de: Wechselatmung

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy check

A procedure carried out by scuba divers using the buddy system where each diver checks that the other's diving equipment is configured, fitted, and functioning correctly just before entering the water to dive.

af: makkernagaan?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy diving

A safety procedure where two or three divers monitor each other constantly during a dive and provide assistance or rescue when needed.

af: makkerduik?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy line

A short line between two divers, used to maintain contact during a dive, generally in poor visibility, or other conditions where the divers might become separated and not be able to quickly locate each other.

af: makkerlyn

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buddy system

A procedure where two divers look out for the safety of each other, and give assistance if the other gets into difficulty.

af: makkerstelsel

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

Bühlmann tables, Bühlmann algorithm, Bühlmann decompression algorithm

Diving tables and decompression algorithm on which the tables are based, and some dive computers are programmed, based on the dissolved gas decompression model derived and tested by Dr A.A. Bühlmann.

af: Bühlmann tabelle, Bühlmann algoritme

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

built in breathing system (BIBS)

A demand breathing gas supply system with external exhaust used to provide chamber occupants with breathing gases other than the gas used to pressurise the chamber. Used for treatment gases and emergency breathing gas if the chamber is contaminated.

af: ingeboude asemhalingstelsel?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bulwarks

Extension of a ship's sides above the level of the deck.

af: verskansing

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bungee (sidemount)

see also ring bungee

Length of shock cord used to restrain the top end of side mount cylinders and keep them tucked in at the diver's shoulder while swimming. Usually clipped to the shoulder D-ring(s) of the harness and looped around the cylinder valve. May be attached to the back of the harness between the shoulder blades, or run continuous from one shoulder D-ring, around the back under the arms to the other shoulder D-ring.

af: rukrek (symontering)

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

bungee wing

Back inflation buoyancy compensator with shock cord lacing or loops which exert a force on the bladder to oppose expansion during inflation.

af: rukrek-rugdryfkragregsteller? rukrek-rugdryfkragkompenseerder?

de:

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buoyancy

1. Upward force on an object immersed in a fluid due to pressure exerted over the immersed surface.
2. Resultant upward force of buoyancy and weight of an object immersed in a fluid.

af: dryfkrag, dryfkragtigheid, dryfbaarheid, dryfvermoë, vlotvermoë

de: Auftriebs

es:

fr:

it:

nl:

ro:

buoyancy check

Procedure to test and adjust weights carried by an underwater diver. The diver wears all the personal equipment to be used for the planned dive, with the scuba tank(s) nearly empty, and the buoyancy compensator empty, in shallow water of the same density as expected on the dive, and adds or removes weights until neutrally buoyant. After the buoyancy check it is usual to distribute the weights for safety, trim and convenience.

af: dryfnagaan

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buoyancy compensator

also BC, BCD, BC jacket, BC vest, BCV, buoyancy compensator device, buoyancy control device, stabilisor jacket, stabilizer jacket, (stab jacket, ABLJ, horse collar, or wing)

An airtight bladder worn by a diver which can be filled with air and vented to adjust and control the buoyancy of the diver.

af: dryfkompensator? dryfregsteller? dryfkompenseerder? dryfkragkompenseerder?

de: Tarierweste (f), Jacket (n)

es: estabilizador (m), chaleco de flotabilidad (m), chaleco de compensación (m), jacket (m), chaleco compensador (m), chaleco (m)

fr: gilet de stabilisation (m), stab (f), gilet (m)

it: giubbotto (d'equilibratura) (m), equilibratore (m), giubbotto assetto variabile (m), GAV (m), jacket (m)

nl: stabjacket (n), trimvest (n), trimjacket (n), jacket (n)

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buoyancy control

The skill of maintaining the appropriate buoyancy at any time during a dive.

af: dryfbeheer?

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burn tester

Device for measuring the actual capacity of a battery relative to its nominal capacity, and the associated functional time for the device that the battery is powering.

af: batterytoetser

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burn time

The effective use time of a battery powered device. Mainly used in reference to dive lights and scooters.

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burst disk, rupture disc

A non-reclosing pressure relief device used to protect a diving cylinder from overpressurization.

af: breukskyfie? barsskyfie?

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butterfly clip

A type of bolt snap with a tapered guide gate opening formed by a protrusion on both the piston and the fixed sides of the gate.

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butterfly D-ring

A plate with two D-shaped cutouts on opposite sides of two to four parallel longitudinal slots for webbing. Used at the top back of the crotch strap in place of a butt-plate on minimalist sidemount harnesses.

af: dubbel-D-ring?

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butt-plate

A rigid or fairly stiff flexible lower extension to a backplate or other scuba harness supporting butt-plate rails, used for clipping off the lower end of sidemount cylinders to the harness.

af: basplaat?

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C

cage diving

Diving in a barred cage designed to protect the diver from potentially aggressive large marine animals, usually sharks.

af: hokduik? tralieduik?

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cam band

A strap, usually of webbing, with a cam action tensioner buckle generally used to secure a diving cylinder to a backplate, stabilisor jacket BCD or other form of diving harness.

af: klemband? nokband?

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camel

A closed lifting airbag, usually cylindrical in form.

af: geslote hyssak?

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canister light

Dive light comprising a light head connected to a battery canister by a cable.

af: bliklig?

de: Tanklampe (Lampenkopf und Akkutank)

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canoe diving

Scuba diving from canoes, used when the dive site is beyond convenient swimming distances.

af: kanoduik

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capstan

af: kaapstaander

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carbon dioxide poisoning

The toxic effects of carbon dioxide, due to incomplete elimination of carbon dioxide resulting from skip breathing, excessive work of breathing, scrubber failure in a rebreather system, or inadequate ventilation in a diving chamber or free flow helmet. Occasionally caused by contaminated gas supply.

af: koolsuurgasvergiftiging

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carbon monoxide poisoning

The toxic effects of carbon monoxide, usually due to contaminated breathing gas supply.

af: koolstofmonoksiedvergiftiging

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cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

An emergency procedure which is performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest

af: hart-long-bybringing (suiwer Afr) / kardio-pulmonêre resusitasie (anglisisme)

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cascade filling

Decanting from several storage cylinders in succession, generally using a procedure to maximise charge pressures. Often used in partial pressure gas blending.

af: kaskadevulling

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cascade storage system

af: kaskadestoorstelsel

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catenary anchor leg mooring (CALM)

Type of single-buoy mooring named for the catenary curve of the anchor cables that hold the buoy in position. Also referred to as single buoy mooring, monobuoy or loading buoy.}}

af: kettinglynankerkabel meerboei?

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caustic cocktail

A mixture of water and carbon dioxide absorbent caused by flooding the scrubber, and which may reach the diver's mouth through the breathing loop. The alkalinity depends on the absorbent used.

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cave

A naturally occurring cavity in bedrock, or an underground passage not illuminated by natural daylight, large enough to be entered by a human.

af: grot

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cave arrow

see also line marker

Directional line markers which point the way to an exit.

af: grotrigtingpyl ?

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cave diving

af: grotduik?

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cave diver

Diving in water-filled caves, particularly beyond the reach of natural illumination. It may be done as an extreme sport, a way of exploring flooded caves for scientific investigation, or for the search for and recovery of divers lost while diving for one of these reasons. The equipment used varies depending on the circumstances, and ranges from breath hold to surface supplied, but almost all cave diving is done using scuba equipment, often in specialised configurations.

af: grotduiker?

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cave fill

Filling a scuba cylinder to a pressure significantly above the rated safe working pressure (charging pressure). Illegal in some jurisdictions, and increases risk of catastrophic failure.

af: grotvulling

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cave line

see also distance line

Small diameter braided synthetic cordage used as temporary or permanent guideline in cave diving.

grotlyn?

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cave reel

A reel specifically made for cave diving, used to lay and recover large lengths of cave line which is used as a guide line to find the exit or a permanent guide line.

af: grotlynkatrol? (my eie woord) grotkatrol?

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cavern

1. The initial part of an underwater cave system that is illuminated by natural daylight. or in which it is possible from all points to see the exit by natural daylight.
2. Two or more interconnected underground rooms or passages in bedrock, each large enough to be entered by a human.

af: voorgrot?

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cavern dive

Visibility greater than 12 m (40 feet), Maximum penetration of 40 m (130 feet), Maximum depth of 21 m (70 feet), and always within the ambient sunlight area. No passing through restrictions.

af: voorgrotduik

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cavern diver

Diver certification as competent to do cavern dives as defined above.

af: voorgrotduiker

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Ce

ceiling

Solid overhead or decompression restriction to a safe direct vertical ascent to the surface

af: oorhoof

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cenote

A sinkhole in Mexico. Generally with vertical overhanging walls or shafts with water that open into a cave system.

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certification card, C-card

Plastic card issued to a diver by a certification agency as recognition of completed diver training and experience required for the level of certification. Considered evidence of competence for the associated level of skill, knowledge and experience by the issuing agency.

af: sertifikasiekaart

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chain chaser

Ring or hook shaped components used for installing and recovering conventional mooring systems. The chaser is hooked around the chain and pulled in the direction of the anchor by a cable until it slides onto the anchor shank and is stopped by the crown. The chaser is then used to break the anchor out by pulling directly upwards.

af: kettingloper? kettingjagter?

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chamber operator

Person competent to operate a deck decompression chamber.

af:kameroperateur? duikkameroperateur?

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charging pressure

Pressure stamped on a container for a permanent gas to indicate the maximum gauge pressure (measured or corrected to 15°C) that may be applied at the time of filling.

af: volmaakdruk? laaidruk

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Charles's law

Relation of volume to temperature at constant pressure of an ideal gas.

af: Charles se wet, wet van Charles

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chart

af: kaart

chicken vest

Sleeveless neoprene wetsuit vest with attached hood.

af: moulose baadjie met keps? kappie-onderbaadjie?

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chimney

A section of a cave that is vertical or near vertical and like a shaft.

af: skoorsteen? skag?

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Chinese lantern

Connection between pipeline end manifold (PLEM) and single point mooring buoy (SPM) using two to four separate flexible underwater hose strings.

af: Chinese lantern

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chock

Object used to prevent movement of stowed equipment.

af: stopblok

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choker (sidemount)

A strap around the neck of a sidemount cylinder used to hold the bolt snap closer to the neck so that the head of the cylinder stays closer to the diver's armpit. The choker can be a small webbing strap with a sliding buckle for adjustment, so it can be tightened to bring the clip closer to the neck or slacked off while in use.

af: halsband?

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chokes

A symptom of decompression sickness manifested by shortness of breath, caused by a large number of venous gas bubbles in the lung capillaries which interfere with gas exchange.

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Christmas tree

An assembly of valves, spools, and fittings installed on top of the wellhead and used primarily to control the flow, usually oil or gas, out of the well.

af: kersboom?

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Christmas tree ladder, peg ladder

A boarding ladder which has a single central rail with rigid cantilevered rungs to each side, allowing use while wearing swimfins.

af: kersboomleer? bobbejaanleer, eenstylleer

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Christo-lube

Usually Christo-lube MCG111, an oxygen compatible lubricant suitable for use in breathing apparatus in oxygen service.

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Ci

circuit

Cave dive route in which there is a one-way segment. The circuit can be simple or complex depending on the number of jumps involved.

af: sirkelbaan, sirkelroete

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civils

see inshore diving

Diving work related to civil and coastal engineering projects.

af: sivieleduik?

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cleat, belaying pin

A fitting used to secure a line at a point without a knot.

af: klos belegklos

horn cleat

af: horingklamp

pawl cleat

af: palklamp

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closed bell, dry bell

A pressure vessel for human occupation which is lowered into the sea to the workplace, equalised in pressure to the environment, and opened to allow the divers in and out. Divers may be decompressed in the bell or transferred under pressure to a hyperbaric chamber at the surface.

af: gesloteduikklok?

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closed circuit

System in which the contents are recirculated, with filtering, topping up or venting of excess if required.

af: geslotebaan, omloop-

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closed circuit rebreather (CCR)

see also ECCR, MCCR.

There are two kinds of closed circuit rebreather: Oxygen rebreathers and mixed gas rebreathers. Closed circuit mixed gas rebreathers supply two breathing gases to the loop: one is pure oxygen and the other is a diluent or diluting gas such as air, nitrox, heliox or trimix. The oxygen partial pressure in the loop must be controlled and the diver warned if it becomes dangerously low or high as both extremes can be fatal. The monitoring system uses oxygen-sensitive electro-galvanic fuel cells to measure the partial pressure of oxygen in the loop, and this is used to control partial pressure within reasonable tolerance of a set point. The gas mixture is controlled by the diver in manually controlled closed circuit rebreathers and automatically in electronically controlled systems.

af: geslotebaan asemgashersirkuleerder

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closed circuit underwater breathing apparatus (CCUBA)

Military alternative term for closed circuit rebreather (CCR)}}

af: geslotebaan onderwaterasemhalingstoerusting?

clump weight

A heavy weight used to keep the guide wires of a diving bell aligned.

af: kabelgewig? leidraadgewig?

clusterfuck, charlie foxtrot, CF

Occasion when the situation diverges notably and usually uncontrollably from the plan, sometimes involving immediate hazard to life and limb, and often involving poor judgement.

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Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)

also World Underwater Federation

International federation that represents underwater activities in underwater sport and underwater sciences, and oversees an international system of recreational snorkel and scuba diver training and recognition.

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Co

code of practice

A systematic set of professional standards or written guidelines and rules of procedures to be followed by members of a profession, trade, occupation or organization. A code of practice may be compiled and agreed on by members of a particular profession or written guidelines issued by an official body or a professional association to its members to help them comply with its ethical standards. A code of practice does not normally have the force of law, but is often required or compulsory practice for members of an organisation.

af: praktykskode, gebruikskode

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coded welder

Welder who is trained and qualified and assessed as competent for a specified type of welding under specified conditions of process, material, thickness, type of joint and position.

af: opgeleide sweiser? (more than that) kodeerde sweiser?

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combat swimmer

Person trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a military capacity including armed and unarmed combat.

af: aanvalswemmer?

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command signal

A signal from a diver in a team that requires a response from another diver. There are three: Are you OK, Hold, and Surface.

af: opdragsein

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commercial diving

Working under pressure: Occupational activity where gas is breathed at pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure, usually underwater. Diving at work.

af: kommersiële duikery, kommersiële duikwerk, kommersiële duik, handelsduik?

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completion (oil and gas wells)

The process of making a well ready for production.

af:voltooiing? putvoltooiing?

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competent person

Person who is able to perform a task or operation safely and according to required procedures. May require formal assessment or accreditation, or registration with government body.

af: bekwame persoon, bevoegde persoon(?)

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compressed air

Air at a pressure greater than ambient.

af: perslug, saamgepersde lug, druklug

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compressed neoprene

Foam neoprene that has been compressed to reduce volume. Used for dry suits which are less affected by depth induced buoyancy changes.

af: saamgepersde neopreen

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compression arthralgia

Pain in the joints caused by exposure to high ambient pressure at a relatively high rate of compression.

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compressor

af: kompressor, (lug)verdigter, perspomp, gaskompressor, duikkompressor, asemlugkompressor?

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air compressor

Machine which pressurises gas. Generally intake gas is at ambient pressure, outlet gas at higher pressure. High pressure breathing air compressor output pressure is usually 200 to 330 bar.}}

af: lugkompressor, lugperspomp

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compressor log

Book or file containing records of compressor operation, filling of cylinders and maintenance records.

af: kompressorregister ?

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compressor operator

Person who operates a compressor, either to fill cylinders, or to provide breathing air to surface supplied divers.

af: kompressoroperateur

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condensate

Liquid resulting from phase change from gas due to cooling or pressure change.

af: kondensaat

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conduit

Tunnel or passage in a cave system.

af: leiweg?

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confined space

A place which is substantially enclosed, with limited or constricted openings for entry and exit, not intended for continuous human occupancy, large enough to get into, and where serious injury can occur from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby

af: beperkte spasie beperkte ruimte?

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confined water

Water that is enclosed and bounded sufficiently for safe training purposes. Generally implies that conditions are not affected by geographic or weather conditions, and that divers can not get lost.

af: ingeperkte water

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conservative (decompression)

Decompression profile tending to minimise risk of decompression sickness at the cost of more decompression time for a given pre-ascent dive profile.

af: konserwatief (dekompressie)

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constant depth blackout, constant pressure blackout, isobaric blackout

A freediving blackout which occurs while the diver maintains a near constant shallow depth, where reduction of oxygen partial pressure due to ascent is not a factor. Usually induced by pre-dive hyperventilation. Also referred to as shallow water blackout, which is an ambiguous term

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constriction

See restriction (caving)

af: vernouing ?

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contents gauge

Submersible gauge indicating the contents of a scuba cylinder by way of pressure indication. Alternative term for a submersible pressure gauge.

af: inhoudsmeter

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continuous decompression

Decompression without stops. Instead of a fairly rapid ascent rate to the first stop, followed by a period at static depth during the stop, the ascent is slower, but without officially stopping. Ascent rate may vary with depth, usually slowing as the depth reduces.

af: deurlopende dekompressie

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contra-indications to diving

Conditions (usually medical) that indicate that a person should not dive.

af: duikteenaanwysings

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control compartment

The tissue compartment that dictates the ascent profile of a given dive because it is theoretically the highest risk compartment for DCS.

af: beheerkompartement? beherende gedeelte? beheerweefsel?

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controlled buoyant lift

A rescue technique used by scuba divers to raise an incapacitated diver to the surface from depth.

af: gekontroleerde-dryfstyging, beheerde-dryfstyging

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controlled emergency swimming ascent, CESA

An emergency technique for surfacing, usually when no breathable gas is available at depth. The diver fins upward while gently exhaling to keep expanding air in the lungs from causing lung expansion injuries.

af: gekontrolleerde noodswemstyging, beheerde noodswemstyging

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cookie

Personal non-directional line markers that mark specific locations, or the direction of one's own exit at line intersections.

af: koekie

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copper hat, copper helmet

A diving helmet of traditional design and construction, usually made from spun or beaten copper, with brass or bronze fittings. There are usually two main sub-assemblies; the bonnet is the roughly spherical part which covers the head and is provided with viewports, valves and various other fittings, and the corselet, which rests on the upper torso of the diver, and to which the bonnet is connected when in use, and which may be sealed to the suit and ballasted to compensate for the buoyancy of the airspace inside the helmet.

af: koperhelm

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corselet

Breastplate part of a copper helmet and some other heavy helmets, which clamps to the diving suit and rests on the diver's shoulders, and to which the helmet bonnet is clamped, screwed or bolted.

af: helmborsplaat? helmskouerplaat?

de: Schulterstück?

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counterlung

Flexible bag or bellows in a rebreather which compensates for the change in volume in the loop during breathing.

af: teenlong?

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Cr

cracking pressure

Pressure required to open a valve. Often applied to the difference in pressure over the diaphragm of a demand valve required to open the valve to start flow. This may differ significantly from the pressure difference required to keep the valve open once flow has been initiated, and the pressure to keep the valve open may vary with flow rate.

af: oopmaakdruk? kraakdruk?

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critical air supply (CAS)

see also critical pressure

the amount of breathinggas required to safely exit a penetration dive. When the air supply reaches this level the dive has reached a planned turning point.

af: kritiese lugvoorsiening

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critical difference hypothesis

Hypothesis that bubble formation during decompression will not occur if a critical pressure difference between tissue gas tension and inspired gas partial pressure is not exceeded.

af: kritiese verskil-hipotese

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critical pressure

Cylinder gas pressure which determines a safe limit to an underwater activity on scuba, such as start of ascent or turnaround during a penetration.

af: kritiese druk

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critical ratio hypothesis

Hypothesis that bubble formation during decompression will not occur if a critical ratio of tissue gas tension and inspired gas partial pressure for a given gas is not exceeded.

af: kritiese verhouding-hipotese

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critical volume hypothesis

Hypothesis that symptoms of decompression sickness will not be evident if a critical volume of tissue gas bubbles is not exceeded.

af: kritiese volume-hipotese

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crotch strap

Harness strap that passes from the lower part of the harness at the back, through between the diver's legs, to the front of the harness, effectively securing the harness from sliding up along the torso. In safety harness this is often in two parts and allows the diver to be lifted by the harness without risk of falling out.

af: mikband?

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crushed neoprene

Proprietary material for dry suits manufactured by DUI in a process where the foam neoprene suit material is degassed by exposure to high hydrostatic pressure after assembly to reduce the volume. This ensures smaller buoyancy variation with depth as the material is less compressible after the treatment.

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cuff dump

Dump valve mounted on a dry suit cuff, usually relatively small and non-adjustable.

af: polsuitlaatklep? polsstortklep?

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cuff seal, wrist seal

Watertight seal on the cuff of a dry suit, providing a barrier to water ingress at the wrist. Made from neoprene, latex rubber or silicone rubber.

af: polsseël, polsdigting

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cyalume

Trademarked name Cyalume is a solid ester whose oxidation products are responsible for the chemiluminescence in a glowstick.}}

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cyanosis

The appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen.

af: sianose

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cylinder, diving cylinder

1. Refillable compressed gas container of water capacity between 0,5 L and 150 L.
2. That part of a reciprocating compressor or booster in which the piston is moved to compress the air. The internal space is cylindrical with a circular section. The external surface is usually finned for air cooling.

af: silinder, duiksilinder

de: Druckluftflaschen

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cylinder boot

Rubber or plastic cover for the base of a scuba cylinder to protect it from abrasion, and in the case of domed end cylinders, to allow it to stand upright.

af: silindervoetstuk, silinderstewel?

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cylinder valve, pillar valve

Valve fitted to a compressed gas cylinder to control gas flow into and out of the cylinder.

af: silinderklep, pilaarklep

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D

Dalton's law

Gas law describing the relation of component pressures of gases in a mixture to the total pressure.

af: Dalton se wet

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dan buoy

A dan buoy is a marker buoy which consists of a long pole, usually with a flag at the top and weighted to float vertically.

af: vlagboei

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dangly

Derogatory. Any part of a diver's equipment that dangles in a position that might impact the bottom or get caught on the surroundings.

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dark-water diving

Diving in dark water

af: donkerwaterduik

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davit

A device used on a ship for supporting, raising, and lowering boats, anchors, etc.

af: davit, kraanbalk

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DCIEM tables

Decompression tables based on the Kidd-Stubbs model, developed and published by the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine.

af: DCIEM tabelle

deadwood

Solid timbers built into the lower part of a ship's extreme stem or stern where it is too narrow to fit framing.

af: vulhout

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decompression

af: dekompressie?

de: Dekompression

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Decompression Analysis and Computation Program (DCAP)

Decompression planning software by Bill Hamilton.

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decompression illness

de: Dekompressionskrankheit

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decompression stop

af: dekompressiestop

de: Dekompressionsstopp

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decompression tables (dive tables)

af: dekompressietabelle

de:

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fr: tables de décompression, tables de plongées, tables de dessaturation (uncommon)

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decompression time

af: dekompresseityd

de: Dekompressionszeit

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Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, (DCIEM)

Canadian institute based in Toronto, responsible for diving physiology research. Known for very conservative decompression tables and early research in decompression computers.

dead man anchor

A heavy weight used to control the rise of a lift bag after breakout, or to capsize it to prevent a runaway lift.

af: dooiemansanker?

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dead space, dead volume

1. The volume of a breathing apparatus which holds exhaled air, which is subsequently inhaled directly, without passing through a scrubber to remove carbon dioxide and without oxygen addition.
2. The volume of inhaled air which does not take part in gas exchange either because it remains in the conducting airways or in alveoli that are poorly perfused.

af: dooieruimte

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decant

see also cascade filling system - sien ook kaskadevulstelsel

To transfer gas between cylinders by differential pressure. No energy is input, flow will stop when pressures are equalised.

af: oortap?

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Deck decompression chamber, DDC

A twin-lock hyperbaric chamber suitable for surface decompression and emergency therapeutic recompression. Large enough to hold at least two occupants, one of them lying down.

af: dek-dekompressiekamer?

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decompress

Reduce the ambient pressure.

af: drukverligting, ontlas

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decompression

1. Reduction in ambient pressure experienced by the diver during the ascent at the end of a dive or hyperbaric exposure, and
2. the process of allowing dissolved inert gases to be eliminated from the body tissues during this reduction in pressure.

af: drukopheffing, drukverligting, dekompressie

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decompression algorithm

Specified step-by step procedures used to calculate the decompression stops needed for a given dive profile. The algorithm can be used to generate decompression schedules for a particular dive profile, decompression tables for more general use, or be implemented in dive computer software.

af: dekompressie-algoritme

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decompression buoy

also delayed surface marker buoy (DSMB)

A delayed surface marker buoy (DSMB), decompression buoy or deco buoy is similar to a surface marker buoy but is deployed while the diver is submerged and generally only towards the end of the dive. The buoy marks the diver's position underwater so the boat safety cover can locate the diver even though the diver may have drifted some distance from the dive site while doing decompression stops. A reel or spool and line connect the buoy on the surface to the diver beneath the surface. Alternative means of marking one's position while doing decompression stops are diving shots. decompression trapezes and surface marker buoys.

af: dekompressieboei

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decompression chamber

Hyperbaric chamber used for decompressing divers and emergency therapeutic recompression.

af: dekompressiekamer

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decompression gas

Gas breathed during decompression with a composition designed to accelerate decompression, usually by an increased oxygen content.

af: dekompressiegas

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decompression illness - (not the same as decompression sickness)

Illness caused by decompression. Includes decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism due to lung overexpansion barotrauma.

af: dekompressieongesteldheid? dekompressiekrankheid?

de: Dekompressionskrankheit

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decompression schedule

A specific ascent rate and series of increasingly shallower decompression stops that a diver uses to allow inert gases to be eliminated from the body tissues during ascent after a specific hyperbaric exposure, to reduce the risk of decompression sickness.

af: dekompressieskedule

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decompression sickness, DCS, divers' disease, the bends or caisson disease

A condition arising from dissolved inert gases coming out of solution during decompression as bubbles in the tissues, organs and blood vessels of the body causing symptoms ranging from rashes to death.

af: dekompressiesiekte, borrelsiekte, caissonsiekte, duikersiekte

de: Dekompressionsunfälle, Taucherkrankheit

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decompression stop

A pause during the ascent phase of a dive that a diver spends at a constant relatively shallow depth to allow safe release of inert gases from the body tissues to avoid decompression sickness.

af: dekompressiehalte, dekompressiestop

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decompression tables

Printed cards or booklets that allow divers to determine a decompression schedule for a particular dive profile and breathing gas.

af: dekompressietabelle

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decompression trapeze, decompression bar

A horizontal bar or bars suspended at the depth of intended decompression stops by buoys used to make decompression stops more comfortable and more secure and provide the divers' surface cover with a visual reference for the divers' position.

af: dekompressiestasie

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deep diving

Deep diving is underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm accepted by the associated community. In some cases this is a prescribed limit established by an authority, and in others it is associated with a level of certification or training, and it may vary depending on whether the diving is recreational, technical or commercial. Nitrogen narcosis becomes a hazard below 30 metres (98 ft) and hypoxic breathing gas is required below 60 metres (200 ft) to lessen the risk of oxygen toxicity. Professional divers may use an atmospheric diving suit that allows very deep dives of up to 610 metres (2,000 ft).

af: diepduik

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deep stops

Decompression stops which are deeper than the deepest stops required by decompression algorithms using dissolved phase models.

af: diepstoppe

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deep water blackout

see also freediving blackout.

1. In freediving: Loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia on ascending from a deep breath-hold dive, when the swimmer does not necessarily experience an urgent need to breathe.
2. In scuba and surface-supplied diving: Loss of consciousness due to extreme nitrogen narcosis.

af: diepwater-bewussynsverlies

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dehydration

A condition where the water content of the body is reduced.

af: ontwatering, dehidrasie

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delayed surface marker buoy (DSMB)

An inflatable marker buoy deployed from underwater to indicate the position of a diver and to control ascent rate. Can also be used to mark a position or signal an emergency.

af: ontplooibare dekompressieboei? ontplooibare oppervlaksmerkerboei?

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demand helmet

Diving helmet which provides gas supply flow only when the diver inhales.

af: aanvraaghelm?

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demand valve

Mechanism for providing the user with breathing gas flow only when required.

af: toevoerreëlklep, toevoerklep, aanvraagklep? eisklep?

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depth gauge

A pressure gauge calibrated to display depth as a function of ambient pressure.

af: dieptemeter

de: Tiefenmesser

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Designated Medical Practitioner

Medical practitioner registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa designated as a medical practitioner by the Chief Inspector of the South African Department of Labour in terms of Regulation 19 of the Diving Regulations to conduct medical examinations and issue certification of fitness to dive and for Level 2 DMPs. to provide medical assistance to a diving project.

af: Aangewysde Mediesepraktisyn

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developed pressure

The pressure of the compressed gas in a cylinder at a temperature other than the nominal temperature at which charging pressure is specified. Usually refers to pressure when fully charged at a variation in temperature.

af: ontwikkelde druk?

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Di

differential global positioning system (DGPS)

An enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy. DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite systems and the known fixed positions of the reference stations.

af: differensiële globale posisioneringstelsel

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Diamond Reef System

A diving skills program that uses a set of standardized portable obstacles to train and evaluate buoyancy skills and educate scuba divers on how to interact with coral reefs.

af:

diffusion limited

Decompression hypothesis that the uptake and elimination of inert gas is limited by diffusion rates in the tissues.

af: diffusiebeperk?

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diluent

also sometimes dil

Gas mixture used to dilute the oxygen in the loop of a closed circuit rebreather to a partial pressure suited to the depth.

af: verdunner, verdungas?

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DIN fitting

also DIN valve, DIN regulator, DIN thread

Usually refers to G5/8" x 14 tpi (Gas thread, 5/8 inch nominal pipe inside diameter, 14 threads per inch pitch) parallel thread fittings used to connect a cylinder valve to a filling connection or regulator first stage. Available in 200 bar and 300 bar versions which should only be inter-connectable in safe combinations.

af:DIN-passing? DIN-klep, DIN-reguleerder, DIN-skroefdraad

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DIN plug

Screw in adaptor which can be used with many recent 200/240 bar DIN cylinder valves to allow connection of Yoke regulators or filling whips.

af: DIN pasprop

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distance line, penetration line or guideline

A line used by scuba divers as a means of returning to a safe starting point in conditions of low visibility, water currents or where pilotage is difficult.

af: gidslyn

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dive computer, decompression computer

A device used by a scuba diver to measure the time and depth of a dive so that a safe ascent profile can be calculated and displayed so that the diver can avoid decompression sickness.

af: duikrekenaar

de: Tauchcomputer

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dive depth

af:duikdiepte

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dive factor

Factor used in gas consumption estimates which allows for increased breathing rate due to conditions other than depth. Range from 1.1 for relaxed, stress free conditions to >3.0 for heavy work.

af: duikfaktor

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dive flag

Flag used to indicate that there are divers in the water. There are two versions: the international code letter flag 'Alpha', , and the red flag with white diagonal bar, .

af: duikvlag

de: Taucherflagge, Taucherfahne, Gerätetaucherflagge, rot-weiße-Flagge, Alphaflagge, Alpha-Wimpel, Doppelstander

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Dive Leader

EN 14153-3 / ISO 24801-3 standard competence for recreational scuba diver. A level 3 "Dive Leader" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to plan, organise and conduct their dives and lead other recreational scuba divers in open water, to conduct any specialised recreational scuba diving activities for which they have received appropriate training, plan and execute emergency procedures appropriate for the diving environment and activities. If diving and environmental conditions are significantly different from those previously experienced, they require an appropriate orientation with regard to local environmental conditions, and must have appropriate specialised training and experience to lead on dives which have more demanding operational parameters.

af: duikleier

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dive light

af: duiklig

de: Taucherlampe, Tauchlampe

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dive marshall

Recreational/club diving equivalent of a diving supervisor. Person who organizes and plans a group dive outing for recreational divers, assesses risk, logs divers into and out of the water and is available at the site to manage incident response.

af: duikbeampte?

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divemaster

A professional level recreational diver who leads a group of less experienced or visiting divers underwater.

af: duikmeester?

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dive profile

The variation of depth with elapsed time during a dive, often depicted as a graph.

af: duikprofiel

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Dive/Surface valve (DSV)

Valve on the mouthpiece of a rebreather which can be switched between the loop and ambient air at the surface.

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dive tables

See decompression tables

af: duiktabelle

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dive time

The total elapsed time spent underwater during a dive.

af: duiktyd

de: Tauchzeit

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dive timer

An automatically operated electronic timer which records the elapsed time from the start of a dive.

af: duiktydopnemer

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dive training

af: duikopleiding

de: Tauchausbildung

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dive watch

af:duikhorlosie

de: Taucheruhr

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diver propulsion vehicle (DPV

af: duiker-voortstuwingsvoertuig?

underwater propulsion vehicle

af: onderwatervoortstuwingsvoertuig?

underwater scooter

af:onderwater-scooter?

swimmer delivery vehicle

A diver propulsion vehicle, also known as an underwater propulsion vehicle, underwater scooter, or swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) by armed forces, is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase range underwater. Range is restricted by the amount of breathing gas that can be carried, the rate at which that breathing gas is consumed, and the battery power of the DPV. Time limits imposed on the diver by decompression requirements may also limit safe range in practice. DPVs have recreational, scientific and military applications. DPVs include a range of configurations from small, easily portable scooter units with a small range and low speed, to faired or enclosed units capable of carrying several divers longer distances at higher speeds. The earliest recorded DPVs were used for military purposes during World War II, and were based on torpedo technology and components.

af: swemmerleweringsvoertuig?

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diver transfer chamber

Hyperbaric chamber connecting other component chambers of a saturation life support system which may be at different pressures. It also gives access to the diving bell when connected.

af: duikoordragkamer?

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Divers Alert Network, (DAN)

A non-profit organization for assisting divers in need and medical research on recreational scuba diving safety.

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diver's attendant, dive tender

Person who assists the diver to prepare for a dive, get in and out of the water, and to undress from the diving equipment, and who tends the lifeline or umbilical while the diver is underwater.

af: duikerhulp?

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diver's knife

af: duikmes

de: Tauchermesser

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diving accdent

af: duikongeluk

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Diving Advisory Board

Advisory body appointed by the Chief Inspector of the South African Department of Labour to advise the Chief Inspector on matters relating to the Diving Regulations to the Occupational Health and Safety Act.

af: Duikadviesraad

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diving bell

A rigid chamber suspended from a cable and used to transport divers to depth and back to the surface.

af: duikklok, duikersklok

de: Taucherglocke

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diving chamber

1. A simple form of submersible vessel to take divers underwater and to provide a temporary base and retrieval system in the depths (diving bell).
2. A land or ship-based hyperbaric chamber for human occupation to artificially reproduce the hyperbaric conditions under the sea.

af: duikkamer

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diving compass

af: duikkompas

de: Tauchkompass

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diving contractor

1. Legal persona responsible for commercial diving operations.
2. Organisation trading in commercial diving services.

af: duikkontrakteur, duikaannemer?

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diving equipment, diving gear

Equipment used by underwater divers to make diving activities possible, easier, safer and/or more comfortable. This may be equipment primarily intended for this purpose, or equipment intended for other purposes which is found to be suitable for diving use. The fundamental diving equipment is underwater breathing apparatus, such as scuba and surface supplied diving equipment, but there are other important pieces of equipment that make diving safer, more convenient or more efficient. Diving equipment used by recreational scuba divers is mostly personal equipment carried by the diver, but professional divers rely on a large amount of support equipment not carried by the diver.

af: duiktoerusting

de: Tauchausrüstung

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diving disorder

Conditions associated with underwater diving, and include both conditions unique to underwater diving, and those that can also occur during other activities, and include conditions caused by exposure to high ambient pressures and conditions caused by the diving environment and equipment associated with diving activities.

af: duikongesteldheid?

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diving heavy

see also overweighting

Practice of carrying significantly more ballast weight than necessary to neutralise buoyancy. Common in professional diving operations where the diver needs to remain in firm cintact with the bottom to work effectively, and is tethered by a lifeline or umbilical to a control point at a place of safety, which is managed by a tender.

af: swaarduik?

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Diving Medical Advisory Committee (DMAC)

An independent body of diving medical specialists from Northern Europe which provides advice about medical and certain safety aspects of commercial diving.

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diving medical practitioner (DMP)

af: duikmediesepraktisyn

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diving medical technician (DMT)

A paramedic specialising in diving related conditions.

af: duikmediesetegnikus?

diving procedures

Most diving procedures are intended to improve the safety and efficiency of diving activities by following a learned set of activities known to work effectively in the given circumstances. This allows the diver to react appropriately to foreseeable contingencies in a hostile environment. Many are associated with specific equipment and environments. See also diving skills

af: duikprosedures

Diving Regulations

Diving regulations to the Occupational Health and Safety Act

af: Duikregulasies

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diving regulator

See regulator

af: duikreguleerder

de: Atemregler, Lungenautomat, Automat, Regler

es: regulador, regulador de buceo

fr: détendeur de plongée

it: erogatore

ro:

ru: регулятор (regulyator)

sv: regulatorpaket

zh: 呼吸调节器

diving response

see diving reflex

af: duikrespons, duikreaksie

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diving reflex

The physiological diving response exists in all air-breathing vertebrates. It is a series of autonomic responses to apnea which are strengthened by facial cooling and hypoxia. It consists of peripheral vasoconstriction and associated hypertension, vagally induced bradycardia and reduction of cardiac output. This appears to preferentially supply oxygen to the brain. Another aspect is splenic contraction which increases haemoglobin content of the blood.

af: duikrefleks

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diving safety officer

The person who administers a United States university's research diving safety program.

af: duikveiligheidsbeampte

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diving signals

Hand sign and light sign system used by scuba divers to communicate when underwater.

af: duikseine

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diving skills

The fundamental skills are those required for the safe operation and use of diving equipment, emergency procedures and rescue procedures. For professional divers there are the also working skills required to do the job, and the procedures for safe operation of the work equipment other than diving equipment that may be needed, and other skills which apply to the surface support function. Some of the skills are common to all types of scuba and surface supplied equipment and deployment modes, others are specific to the type of breathing equipment, bell or stage deployment, to saturation diving or to other specialised equipment.

af: duikvaardighede

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diving stage, diving basket

A platform on which a diver stands which is hoisted into the water, lowered to the workplace at the bottom, and then hoisted up again to return the diver to the surface and lift him out of the water. The diving stage is particularly effective for controlling rate of descent and ascent.

af: duikmandjie?

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diving superintendent

Person with overall responsibility for commercial diving operations at a large installation.

af: duiksuperintendent?

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diving supervisor

Person in charge of, and responsible for safety of a commercial diving operation.

af: duiktoesighouer?

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Diving support vessel, DSV

A ship or boat used as a base for diving operations, particularly if designed or fitted out for that purpose.

af: duikondersteuningsvaartuig

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Do

Doing It Right (DIR)

A holistic approach to scuba diving, which encompasses several essential elements, including fundamental diving skills, teamwork, physical fitness, and the use of streamlined and minimalistic equipment configurations.

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dome port

A domed window of optical quality glass or plastic which covers the front of an underwater camera or video housing.

af: koepelpoort? koepelvenster?

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donating the octopus

See donating the secondary

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donating the primary, donate the primary

Rescue technique where the donor of breathing gas provides it via the primary demand valve –- the one from which the donor was breathing –- as it is known to be working and providing the correct gas. The donor then switches to their backup demand valve, often stowed under the chin by a bungee necklace with a breakaway connection.

af: primêre-aanvraagklepskenking

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donating the secondary, donate the secondary

Rescue technique where the donor of breathing gas provides it via the secondary, or octopus, 2nd stage, and continues to breathe off the primary.

af: sekondêre-aanvraagklepskenking

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donkey dick

Slang term for the corrugated buoyancy compensator inflation and deflation hose.

af:

Doppler bubble detection

Ultrasonic signals reflected from bubble surfaces to identify and quantify gas bubbles present in venous blood.

af: Doppler borrelbespeurder

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Dorf arrow, line arrow

Triangular plastic line marker with two slots used to indicate the direction of the exit.

af: gidslynrigtingwyser,? gidslynpyltjie?

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double filtered

Air that has passed through a second filter stack from a compressor, or has been refiltered from a storage bank to reduce contaminants to a level compatible with mixing into high oxygen partial pressure mixtures. Oxygen compatible compressed air.

af: dubbelgefiltreer

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downline, down line

A rope leading from the surface down to the underwater workplace which allows a commercial diver to travel directly to and from the job site and to control rate of descent and ascent in the same way as using a shotline. Also sometimes called a jackstay. A downline used for open ocean diving is much the same as a shotline (q.v.), but does not reach all the way to the bottom. A open-ocean downline is weighted at the bottom, and attached to a substantial float at the surface, which may be tethered to the boat. It may be marked at intervals by knots or loops, and may be attached to decompression trapeze system. In some cases a sea anchor may be used to limit wind drift, particularly if attached to a boat with significant windage.

af: aflyn?

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downstream

In the direction of flow. Displaced from the reference point in the direction of flow.

af: stroom-af

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downstream valve

Valve in which the closure is downstream of the orifice. Pressure in the line tends to assist in opening the valve. When spring-loaded a downstream valve may open automatically if the pressure difference is excessive, thus functioning as a pressure relief valve.

af: stroom-af klep

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down time

Period when planned activities can not be done due to unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstances.

af: staantyd, vertragingstyd, staaktyd

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Dr

D-ring

A ring shaped like a capital D, usually of stainless steel, stitched or buckled to a diver's harness and used as an attachment point for lifeline, cylinders or other equipment.

af: D-ring

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Dräger tube, Draeger tube

Indicator tube used for testing breathing gas quality.

af: Dräger-buis

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draught, draft

Depth of water required for a vessel to float

af: diepgang

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drift diving

Any dive where the diver is transported significantly by drifting with currents during the dive.

af: dryfduik

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drillship

Ship built or converted for offshore well drilling, using dynamic positioning to maintain position in deep water.

af: boorskip

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drop weight

Weight used during descent and ascent, but left on the bottom at the guideline during the deep part of the dive when it is not needed due to suit compression.

af: neerdaalgewig? neersakgewig?

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drowning

The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid.

af: verdrinking

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dry bag

Bag which seals in a watertight manner. Used for keeping clothes and other equipment dry in a wet environment.

af: droësak?

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dry bell

See closed bell

af: geslote duikklok

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dry filling

Filling scuba cylinders without the use of a water bath for cooling.

af: droë vulling

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dry suit

A watertight suit worn to keep the diver dry and to provide protection from the environment. Thermal insulation may be provided by the suit or garments worn under the suit.

af: droë duikpak?

de: Trockenanzug, Trockentauchanzug,

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duckbill valve

A non-return valve, manufactured from rubber or synthetic elastomer, and shaped somewhat like the beak of a duck. Used as exhaust valve in some twin-hose diving regulators.

af: eendbekklep?

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dump valve

Valve used to release excess air from a drysuit or buoyancy compensator.

af: uitlaatklep?

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dynamically positioned vessel (DPV)

A vessel capable of maintaining position automatically. The class of dynamic positioning depends on system redundancy and range of operating conditions.

af: dinamies-geplaasde vaartuig?

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dynamic positioning

Method of automatically keeping a diving support platform in position without anchoring, using thrusters and feedback from position reference sensors, combined with wind sensors, motion sensors and gyrocompasses, to provide input to the control system. This allows operations at sea where mooring or anchoring is not feasible due to deep water, congestion on the sea bottom or other problems. Dynamic positioning may either be absolute in that the position is locked to a fixed point over the bottom, or relative to a moving object like another ship or an underwater vehicle.

af: dinamiese plasing, dinamiese opstelling, dinamiese plekbepaling

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dynamic positioning alert, DP alert

Status of the dynamic positioning system regarding positional accuracy and reliability. Green indicates normal operation, yellow indicates degraded operation and red indicates emergency.

af: dinamiese plasings gereedheid

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dynamic positioning footprint, DP footprint

The area around the nominal position to which a dynamically positioned vessel is constrained by the DP system.

af: dinamiese plasings dekking? dinaniese plasings voetspoor?

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dysbarism

Medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure.

af: disbarisme

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E

enriched air nitrox (EAN)

see nitrox

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ear beer

A mixture of alcohol and acetic acid in water used as a drying agent and disinfectant to rinse the ears after diving, to prevent ear infections.

af: oorspoelmiddel

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ear clearing

Equalising the pressure in the middle and external ear by opening the Eustachian tubes. Several techniques are used.

af: ooreffening?

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echo sounder

Instrument for measuring water depth by measuring the time taken for a sound impulse to return after reflecting off the bottom.

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electronic closed circuit rebreather (ECCR)

Sometimes also ECCCR for electronically controlled closed circuit rebreather.

Closed circuit rebreather with electronically monitored and controlled gas mixture. Oxygen partial pressure will be kept between limits known as set-points by computer controlled injection of oxygen or diluent. Usually uses solenoid valves to inject gas into the circuit. The electronics may include decompression monitoring and various displays, including warnings and alarms.

af: elektroniese geslotebaan-asemhersirkuleerder?

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eddy current test

Method of non-destructive testing using electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. It is used to detect cracks in parallel neck threads of aluminium cylinders. Also called Visual Plus inspection. Required for cylinders of AA6351 alloy.

af: werwelstroomtoets?

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electro-galvanic oxygen sensor

An electro-chemical fuel cell which produces a voltage proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen.

af: elektro-galvaniese suurstofsensor

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oxygen cell

An electro-chemical fuel cell which produces a voltage proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen.

af: suurstofsel?

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emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB), or emergency beacons

Tracking transmitters which aid in the detection and location of boats and people in distress at sea.

af: nood-posisieaanduidende radiobaken, nood-posisieaandui-radiobaken

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emergency swimming ascent (ESA)

Emergency procedure where the diver makes an ascent from depth after a breathing gas supply failure.

af: noodswemstyging?

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controlled emergency swimming ascent (CESA)

Emergency procedure where the diver makes an ascent from depth after a breathing gas supply failure.

af: beheerde-noodswemstyging

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equalise

Balance pressure of a gas filled space with the ambient pressure, by adding or venting gas, to prevent barotrauma or pressure damage.

af: effen, gelykmaak, egaliseer

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equivalent air depth (EAD)

Depth at which partial pressure of nitrogen in a nitrox mixture at a given depth is equal to the partial pressure of nitrogen in air. Used in decompression calculations as a way of approximating the decompression requirements of nitrox mixtures at depth by comparison with the depth at which air would require the same decompression.

af: lug-gelykwaardige diepte?

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equivalent narcotic depth (END)

The depth at which the narcotic effects of nitrogen in a given Trimix mixture at a given depth are equivalent to the effects of air. Used to choose nitrogen content of a Trimix breathing gas for a planned dive profile.

af: narkoties-gelykwaardige diepte?

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equivalent nitrogen depth (END) (obsolescent)

Narcotic depth of nitrox is currently considered effectively similar to that of air.

af: stikstof-gelykwaardige diepte? (verouderd)

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European Diving Technology Committee (EDTC)

An international comittee with the aim to make European professional diving safer.

af:

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examination for fitness to dive

af:

de: Tauchtauglichkeitsuntersuchung

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exceptional exposure

A dive in which the risk of decompresssion sickness, oxygen toxixity, and/or exposure to the elements is substantially greater than on a normal working dive.

af: buitengewone blootstelling?

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excursion, bell excursion

A significant variation in working depth from the storage depth by the bell diver. Excursions by saturation divers must be limited as they have decompression implications.

af: (klok)ekskursie, (klok)afwyking, (klok)uitwyking, (klok)diepteuitwyking

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excursion umbilical

The combined supply and return hoses and cables for life-line, life-support, power and communications between a diving bell and the diver

af: uitwykingstoevoerslang?

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exponential-linear algorithm, E-L algorithm

Thalmann's VVAL18 algorithm of the 2008 US Navy tables, which assumes exponential ingassing and a combination of linear and exponential outgassing rates.

af: eksponensiaal-liniêr algoritme, E-L algoritme

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extraction ratio

also: ventilation/oxygen extraction ratio

Ratio between minute ventilation and oxygen uptake, the volume rate of gas breathed to the amount of oxygen taken up in the bloodstream. A typical surface extraction ratio of 20 would mean that for every 20 litres of gas breathed, 1 litre of oxygen would be absorbed in the lungs.

af: ekstraksievehouding? suurstofverbruiksverhouding?

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F

faceplate

Viewport of a full face mask or helmet

af: gesigplaat?

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fairlead

A fairlead is a device to guide a line, rope or cable around an object, out of the way or to stop it from moving laterally. It should not unduly stress the line by causing too sharp a bend.

af: touleier

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farmer john

Wet suit that covers the torso and legs only; it resembles a bib overall or salopettes.

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fatigue cracking

Cracking in a material resulting from multiple stress cycles below the ultimate or yield strength. Usually refers to large number of cycles.

af: vermoeidheidskraking

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feather breathing

Technique for emergency breathing from a free-flowing demand valve where the diver manually controls air flow by opening and closing the cylinder valve.

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feet fresh water, ffw

Unit of pressure equal to 1/34 atm. Not a linear measure of depth.

af: voet varswater

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feet seawater, fsw

Unit of pressure equal to 1/33 atm. Not a linear measure of depth. Alternative units commonly found on pneumofathometer and chamber pressure gauges in parallel with metres seawater (msw). Unit of pressure used in the US Navy decompression tables, which are published for 10 fsw intervals. Generally defined as the pressure exerted by a foot depth of seawater having a specific gravity of 1.027 and is approximately equal to 0.445 pounds per square inch.

af: voet seewater

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filter medium

Material used in filters to prevent the passage of unwanted materials, while allowing the filtered fluid to pass through.

af: filtreermiddel?

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filter tower, filter stack

Container in which filter medium is packed to make up a filter. For diving air compressors this is usually a vertical axis pressure vessel with an inlet at the bottom, an outlet at the top, and a condensate drain.

af: filtertoring? filtreertoring?

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filtration

Process for removing impurities from a fluid. Particulates are commonly removed by passing the fluid through porous material with pore size small enough to trap the particles (e.g. micron filters). Liquids and gases are commonly absorbed or adsorbed by the surface of the filter medium (Activated carbon, Molecular sieve, Silica gel), or may be chemically combined with the medium (carbon dioxide in Sodalime) or catalytically converted into a less objectionable substance (carbon monoxide oxidised to carbon dioxide in contact with Hopcalite).

af: filtrasie (s.nw.)/ filtrering (ww.)

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fin keepers

Also: "fin holders", "fin fasteners", "fin grips", "fin keeps", "fin guards", "flipper fixers", "Y-straps", "ankle straps", "accessory safety straps", "fix fins", "grip fins" and, in recognition of their French origin, "fixe-palmes".

Elastic rubber straps used to help prevent fins from falling off the diver's feet.

af: vinhouers?

de: Flossenhalter

es: sujeta aleta, sujetador de aletas

fr: fixe palmes

it: fissapinne, reggipinne

nl:

ro:

.

fin straps

Straps around the heels which hold the fins on the feet.

af: vinbande?

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first stage

Diving regulator component which reduces gas pressure from storage pressure in the cylinder to inter-stage pressure for supply to the second stage and for suit and BC inflation.

af: eerste stadium?

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fishfinder

An instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, and graphically displaying the results, allowing the operator to interpret the information to identify schools of fish, underwater debris, and the bottom of the water.

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fitness to dive

af:

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flood-up valve

Valve in a diving bell which allows air to escape and water level inside to rise

af: vloedklep?

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flow

Movement of water through a cave system. Similar in meaning to current in open water.

af: vloei

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fluorocarbon elastomer

Synthetic elastomer (rubber) with good performance in high partial pressures of oxygen. Preferred material for o-rings in diving regulators for oxygen service.

af: fluoorkoolstof-elastomeer?

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flutter kick

finning style where the fins are alternately moved up and down by movements of the full, usually fairly straight, leg. Thrust is developed on both up and down strokes. See also modified flutter kick.

af: fladderskop?

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Fo

fogging

Condensation of water vapour on the inside surface of a mask or helmet faceplate, reducing visibility.

af: wasemvorming

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forward roll entry

Water entry technique used by scuba divers from a boat or platform too high or unsuitable for backward roll entry. The diver bends forward at the hips and waist and falls forward into the water, making a partial somersault and breaking the water with the cylinder, back and shoulders. Not suitable for heights more than about 2 m.

af: vooroortuimelingang?

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four-wire system

Voice communications using separate wire pairs for each direction.

af: vierdraadstelsel?

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frame

Transportable assemblies of gas cylinders connected by a manifold and securely mounted to a structural framework.

af: raamwerk? gasraam?

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free air

see also free gas. Air at normal atmospheric pressure.

af: vrylug

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free ascent

The procedure used in US Navy submarine escape training. However the term is also used for other emergency diver ascent procedures where breathing gas is not available to the diver during the ascent. The technical difference between the free ascent and controlled emergency swimming ascent is that in a CESA the demand valve is retained in the mouth and the diver exhales through it (in case gas becomes available due to the drop in ambient pressure) while in free ascent, the regulator is not retained or there is no regulator available, and the diver exhales directly into the water.

af: vry opkom, vry styging? vryopstyging?

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freediving

Underwater diving that does not involve the use of external breathing apparatus, but relies on a diver's ability to hold his or her breath until resurfacing. also Breath-hold diving, and apnea.

af: vryduik?

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free flow

1. Constant flow rate air supply
2. Malfunction of a demand regulator where the valve sticks in the open position, allowing a constant rate of flow.

af: vryvloei

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free flow helmet

A helmet where the breathing air supply is supplied at an approximately constant rate regardless of the diver's instantaneous breathing rate.

af: vryvloeihelm

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free gas

Gas at normal atmospheric pressure. Usually refers to the volume of some amount of compressed gas when allowed to expand to atmospheric pressure at constant temperature

af: vrygas

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free gas volume

Equivalent volume of compressed gas if expanded to atmospheric pressure at constant temperature.

af: vrye gasvolume? vrygas volume?

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Frenzel maneuver

Technique for equalising the middle ear by pinching the nose closed and moving the back of the tongue upwards.

af: Frenzel se maneuver

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frog kick

Finning technique where thrust is developed by sweeping the fins horizontally toward each other with the fins twisted into a nearly vertical plane, with the soles facing each other, followed by a recovery stroke which develops negligible thrust where the fin blades are feathered. The legs are fairly straight during the power stroke.

af: paddaskop

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frogman

A scuba diver, particularly a military diver on an undercover mission.

af: paddaman

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full duplex

Voice communication system where both users can transmit and receive at the same time. Preferred for surface supplied diving as this allows the diver circuit to be monitored at all times, which lets the supervisor assess the status of the diver by listening to breathing sounds.

af: voldupleks / volle dupleks?

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full-face mask (FFM)

Diving mask which covers the eyes, nose and mouth, and provides the diver with breathing gas

af: volgesigmasker, volgesig-duikmasker?

de: Vollmaske

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G

gaiter

Textile legging wrapped around the calf and ankle area over a dry suit to restrict the amount of air that can get into the lower leg area. Also can reduce drag of the suit in this area by smoothing over creases and folds.

af: oorkous

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gap

The space between two cave guidelines. Usually between a main guideline and a branch line.

af: gaping

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gap spool

A relatively short length of cave line on a spool used to bridge a gap between lines when making an excursion from the main guideline to a branch guideline.

af: gapingspoel? sprongspoel?

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gas

Generic: any breathing gas mixture used for diving may be referred to simply as gas, including air, though in some contexts, such as commercial offshore diving, gas implies a gas mixture other than air, commonly heliox. See also: mix, and mixed gas.

af: gas

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gas blender

1. Person who mixes breathing gases for diving, filling diving cylinders with gas mixes such as nitrox or trimix.
2. Qualification to mix breathing gases for diving. Generally refers to gases for scuba diving. For surface supplied diving, gas blending in a hyperbaric chamber may be done by a life-support technician.

af: gasvermenger

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gas blending

Mixing breathing gases for diving, filling diving cylinders with gas mixes such as nitrox or trimix.

af: gasvermenging

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gas embolism

Blockage of blood vessel by a bubble of gas.

af: gas-bloedvatverstopping

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gaseous impurities

Contaminants in the compressed breathing air or gas mixture which are in gaseous form. Compare with particulate and condensate impurities.

af: gasonsuiwerhede

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gas fraction

The fraction by molecular count, volume or pressure (they all come to the same thing) of a specific gas in a mixture of gases.

af: gasfraksie, gasbreuk, gasgedeelte

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gas laws

af: gaswette

de: Gasgesetze

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gas panel

af: gaspaneel

air panel

af: lugpaneel

The control equipment for providing breathing gas to surface supplied divers via umbilicals. Primary and reserve gas is supplied to the panel through shutoff valves from a low pressure compressor or high pressure storage cylinders.

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gas reversal point

The depth during an ascent or decompression when the intake of dissolved gas is exceeded by outgassing.

af: gas-omdraaipunt?

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gauge mode

Operating mode for a personal dive computer where the decompression calculation is disabled, and the unit operated only as a timer and depth gauge. Typically used when diving with gas mixtures not supported by the algorithm, in which case decompression tables are used to monitor and control the decompression schedule.

af: metermodus

de:

gauge pressure

Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure

af: meterdruk

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gauge snubber

A needle valve or small bore orifice between the pressure supply and the gauge which damps pressure fluctuations.

af: meterdemper?

de:

Gay-Lussac's law

Relation between temperature and pressure in an ideal gas for a constant volume.

af: Gay-Lussac se wet

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Ge

general gas equation

af: algemene-gasvergelyking

general gas law

af; algemene-gaswet

1. Relation between the variables pressure, volume and temperature for a given mass of a given mixture of an ideal gas.
2. Thermodynamic equation of state for gases for the variables volume, pressure, temperature and number and atomic weight of molecules.

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global positioning system, GPS

A satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites

af: globale navigasiesatellietstelsel

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glossopharangeal insufflation, buccal pumping, lung packing

A method used by freedivers for filling the lungs with more air than maximal inspiration to normal total lung capacity (TLC). After a full inhalation, the diver fills the mouth with air, while the glottis remains closed, then opens the glottis and forces this air into the lung using the cheeks and tongue to reduce the mouth volume. This may be repeated several times.

af: longverpakking?

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glowstick

A single-use, translucent plastic tube containing substances that, when combined, make light through chemiluminescence

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gnarly

A general purpose adjective to denote particularly difficult section of cave, which may be low, tight, silty, etc. or a combination.

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golden rule

The convention in cave diving that anyone can turn the dive at any time for any reason.

af: gouereël

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gold line

The permanent main guideline in a cave system, that usually starts well inside the cave. Often yellow or gold in colour.

af: gouelyn, geellyn?

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Goodman handle

A handle used to carry the primary dive light head comprising a rigid slot through which the fingers and palm of the hand are extended, so that the light rests on the back of the hand, facing the direction of the extended fingers.

af: Goodman-handvatsel

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gradient factor

A way of modifying the M-value of a decompression algorithm to a more conservative value. Often used to bias the algorithm towards deeper stops.

af: gradiëntfaktor? hellingsfaktor?

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guideline, guide line

see distance line

af: gidslyn leitou?

de: Führungsseil

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gunwale

The top edge of the side of a boat.

af: dolboord, boordwand

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H

Haldanian, Haldanean

Decompression models based on the principles described by John Scott Haldane.

af: Haldaneaanse model

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half+200

An alternative reserve calculation strategy to the rule of thirds for breathing stage cylinders. The cylinder is breathed down to half of its starting pressure plus 200 psi, so that a stage cylinder filled to 3000 psi would be breathed down to 1700 psi before being dropped. This is a less conservative strategy for pressures greater than 1200psi.

af: half+200

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half duplex

Voice communications system where users take turns to send and receive.

af: halfdupleks

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half mask

Diver's mask which covers the eyes and nose but not the mouth.

af: halfmasker

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ro: vizor, masca

half times

see tissue half times

af: halftye?

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halocline

A strong variation in salinity over a small depth range within a body of water. Often visible as a blurred or shimmering region due to uneven refractive index.

af: southelling, halokline

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hand-off cylinder

A diving cylinder, complete with regulator, which can be handed off to another diver in an emergency, so that the two divers are not obliged to remain in close proximity during the exit and ascent. Transfer of a hand-off cylinder should not compromise either diver's buoyancy to the extent that they cannot make a normal, controlled ascent at neutral buoyancy.

af: oorgeesilinder

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hang

To remain stationary at a specific depth and location, particularly when decompressing.

af: hang

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hard hat diving, helmet diving

Surface supplied diving, generally in professional diving, either wearing a modern diving helmet or the old-style standard diving dress and copper helmet.

af: helmduik?

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hardwire communications

Voice communications using a cable for transmission.

af: draadkommunikasie?

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harness

Straps and webbing with associated buckles, D-rings and other accessories used to support the breathing apparatus and secure it to the diver. The harness often has other functions such as supporting weighting and buoyancy control systems and for recovery of the diver from the water.

af: harnas

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hat

Commercial diver term for diving helmet.

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hatch

af: luik

watertight hatch

af: waterdigte luik

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hazard

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hazard identification and risk analysis, (HIRA)

A risk management procedure for identifying hazards and assessing the risk associated with them and ways to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

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hazard identification study (HAZID)

A systematic qualitative assessment of potential hazards and threats to health, safety, equipment, property, environment production or reputation. May be followed by a risk assessment.

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hazmat diving

Diving in a known hazardous materials environment. The environment may be contaminated by hazardous materials, the diving medium may be inherently a hazardous material, or the environment in which the diving medium is situated may include hazardous materials with a significant risk of exposure to these materials to members of the diving team. Special precautions, equipment and procedures are associated with hazmat diving.

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He

head-up display

Display of readouts or alarms mounted in the user's visual field so that it can be seen regardless of head orientation. For a diver this can be mounted on the mask, helmet or breathing apparatus mouthpiece.

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Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (UK)

Government department responsible for occupational diver safety in the UK.

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heavy gear

see standard diving dress

af: swaartoerusting

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heliair

Trimix blends made by topping up helium with air.

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helicopter turn

Manoeuver in which a (usually horizontally trimmed) diver uses small fin movements to rotate on the spot on a vertical axis.

af: helikopterdraai

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heliox

Mixtures of helium and oxygen for use as a breathing gas.

af: helioks?

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helium

An inert gas which is used as a component of breathing gas mixtures for deep diving.

af: helium

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helium analyzer

An instrument used to measure the concentration of helium in a mixture of gases

af: heliumanaliseerder

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Henry's law

Description of the relation between solubility of a given gas in a given liquid as pressure varies.

af: Henry se wet

de: Henry-Gesetz

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High intensity discharge light, HID light

High output light source used in cave diving light heads before high intensity LEDs became available. Had the disadvantage of nor being possible to switch on again until the unit had sufficiently cooled. (obsolescent) See also test tube light.

af: hoë-intensiteitontladinglig?

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high pressure (HP)

Generally gas pressures in excess of 30 bar. In diving context gas working pressures do not frequently exceed 300bar, but pressures in hydraulic systems may be considerably higher. Also refers to American steel diving cylinders with a working pressure above 2,500 pounds per square inch (170 bar), and diving cylinders from other sources with a working pressure of 240 bars (3,500 psi) or more - usually 300 bars (4,400 psi).

af: hoëdruk

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Ho

Hogarthian configuration

A scuba combination of backplate, wing, one-piece harness with crotch-strap, regulator arrangement including long-hose primary with a necklaced secondary demand valve, and, if used with twin cylinders, an isolation manifold. Named after William Hogarth Main, a developer and proponent of the system.

af: Hogarth-konfigurasie

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Hog looped

A scuba configuration where the primary demand valve has a long hose which is routed under the right arm, usually tucked under a light battery canister on the waist belt of the harness, and around behind the neck to reach the mouth from the right hand side. Part of the Hogarthian configuration.

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homebrew

Amateur blended mixed gas.

af: tuismengsel, tuisbrousel? tuisgebak?

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hood

Close-fitting thermal head protection, usually neoprene foam, but also latex on some dry suits.

af: kappie

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hookah (US - hooka)

also airline diving

Diving where the breathing air is supplied from a surface compressor or storage cylinder to the diver by a simple hose. The diver usually breathes through a mouth held demand valve, but full-face masks may be used.

af: lugslangduik?

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hook breathing, recovery breathing

A technique used by freedivers on surfacing to reduce the risk of surface blackout. A partial exhalation is made, followed by a quick inhalation, then the diver closes the airway and pressurises for a few seconds as if about to cough. This is repeated a few times over the first 30 seconds or so on the surface. The aim is to keep thoracic pressure slightly raised to artificially raise arterial oxygen partial pressure or prevent it from dropping in the critical seconds until newly oxygenated blood can reach the brain, and thereby prevent surface blackout. This is the same technique used by pilots during high-g maneuvers, and by mountaineers at high altitude.

af: herstelasemhaling?

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hopcalite

Catalyst sometimes used in air filters to oxidise carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Hopcalite is a mixture of manganese oxide, copper oxide and a small amount of silver oxide.

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horse collar

See adjustable buoyancy lifejacket

af: verstelbare-dryfkragreddingsbaadjie

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hot mix

Breathing gas mixture with a high percentage of oxygen for the depth at which it is used. Using a gas mixture with a high partial pressure of oxygen.

af: warm mengsel

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hot water suit

A wetsuit which is actively heated by passing heated water through it. Used by surface supplied divers, particularly when breathing helium-based gases. An insulated pipe in the umbilical line, which links the diver to the surface support, carries the hot water from a heater on the surface down to the suit. The diver controls the flow rate of the water allowing him to vary the warmth of the suit.

af: warmwaterduikpak

de: Heißwasseranzug

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High-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS)

A neurological and physiological diving disorder that results when a diver descends below about 500 feet (150 m) while breathing a helium–oxygen mixture.

af: hoëdruksenuweesindroom? hoëdruksenusindroom?

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H-valve

Cylinder valve assembly with two outlets and two valve mechanisms which can be independently controlled so that two regulator first stages can be fitted. Similar to Y-valve but in configuration where the second valve is parallel to the primary, though the secondary valve can sometimes be swiveled.

af: H-klep

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Hy

hydroplane, diving plane

Control surfaces used underwater to produce a force perpendicular to the direction of motion, particularly up or down to assist in the process of submerging or surfacing and controlling depth while submerged.

af: duikvin

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Hyperbaric rescue capsule (HRC)

A self contained buoyant hyperbaric chamber intended for emergency evacuation of saturation divers under pressure from a platform which has become so dangerous that it is considered safer to put the divers into the sea in the HRC to be picked up by a rescue vessel for transfer to another hyperbaric system for decompression.

af: hiperbariese reddingskapsuul

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hydro

Slang/abbreviation for hydrostatic test

af: hidro?

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hydrostatic pressure

Pressure due to the weight of the water column above a point at depth.

af: hidrostatiese druk

de: hydrostatische Druck

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hydrostatic test

Non-destructive test to revalidate pressure vessels which uses water as a test medium. The vessel is pressurised to the test pressure and measured for permanent set.

af: hidrostatiese druktoets

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hydreliox

Deep diving breathing gas mixture of hydrogen, helium and oxygen.

af: hidrelioks?

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hydrox

Deep diving breathing gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.

af: hidroks?

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hyperbaric lifeboat

A lifeboat with a hyperbaric chamber and life support system built into it for evacuating saturation divers in an emergency.

af: hiperbariese reddingsboot

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hyperfilter

Additional filter to produce air of oxygen compatible quality. This may be built into the filling system or temporarily connected when required.

af: hiperfilter

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hypercapnia

Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the body.

af: hiperkapnie

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hyperventilation

1. A deliberate deep breathing to reduce blood carbon dioxide level to extend the duration of a freedive.
2. Rapid breathing as the body's response to hypercapnia.
3. Rapid, often shallow breathing, associated with panic.

af: hiperventilasie

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hyperventilation-induced blackout

see underwater blackout syndrome

Loss of consciousness due to hypoxia during a breath-hold submersion preceded by hyperventilation where alternative causes of blackout have been excluded.

af: hiperventilasie-geïnduseerde bewussynsverlies

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hypocapnia

Abnormally low tissue and blood carbon dioxide concentration.

af: hipokapnie

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hypothermia

A lowering of core body temperature due to heat loss.

af: hipotermie, ondernormale liggaamstemperatuur

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hypoxia

Abnormally low tissue oxygen concentration: Insufficient oxygen in the body to support normal activities or consciousness.

af: hipoksie

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hypoxic training

Prolonged underwater distance swimming or extended breath-hold intervals.

af: hipoksiese opleiding

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I

inert gas

A gas which is not metabolically active, used to dilute the oxygen in the breathing gas.

af: edelgas, inerte gas, onreaktiewe gas

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inflation hose, inflator hose

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ingassing

af: Inert gas uptake in body tissues during a dive or other hyperbaric exposure.

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inherent unsaturation

Metabolic reduction of total gas pressure in the tissues.

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inshore

af: aanlandig, langslandig

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inshore diver

Colloquial term for a diver who works on inland dive sites or coastal waters not associated with the oil and gas industry. also referred to as "civils" as much of this work is connected with civil engineering works.

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inshore region

af: voorstrandsgebied

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inshore water

af: kuswater

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inshore zone

af: brandingsgebied

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integrated weights

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intermodal container

af: houer, vraghouer

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intermodal container system

af: vervoermeersoortige laaikisstelsel

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internal condition of cylinder

The state of the internal surface of a cylinder regarding corrosion, contamination and cracking.

af: binnesilindertoestand?

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International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP)

A global forum of oil and gas producers for the purpose of identifying and sharing best practices to achieve improvements in health, safety, the environment, security, social responsibility, engineering and operations.

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International Diving Regulators Forum (IDRF)

A voluntary group of diving regulators and certifying agencies formed to work together toward mutual recognition and to identify and implement best practices in diver training with the object of harmonizing cross border diver training standards outside Europe. Members include Australia, Canada, France, Norway, South Africa and United Kingdom.

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International Diving Schools Association (IDSA)

An organisation formed with the primary purpose of developing common international diving standards for all occupational divers, Offshore, Inshore and Inland, and specialist related non-diving qualifications e.g. Supervisor, DMT and LST.

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International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA)

A leading international trade association for the marine contracting industry. It is a not for profit organisation with members representing the majority of worldwide marine contractors in the oil and gas and renewable energy industries. IMCA was formed by the merger of the Association of Offshore Diving Contractors (AODC) with the Dynamically Positioned Vessel Owners Association (DPVOA) in 1995. IMCA has developed a comprehensive body of knowledge in the form of a suite of over 250 published guidance documents, technical information notes, DVDs and safety promotional materials which are internationally recognised as authoritative and establish standards of good practice in the marine contracting industry.

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interstitial emphysema

Gas trapped in the spaces between organs after lung barotrauma.

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intermediate pressure, or interstage pressure (IP)

The reduced pressure between the first and second stages of a diving regulator. Also referred to as LP (Low Pressure) in this context.

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isobaric counterdiffusion, (ICD)

The diffusion of gases in opposite directions caused by a change in the composition of the external ambient gas or breathing gas without change in the ambient pressure.

af: isobariese teendiffusie?

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isolation manifold

Connection between two scuba cylinders which when open allows free flow of gas in both directions between the cylinders, but has an isolation valve to block this flow.

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isolation valve

Valve in an isolation manifold (q.v.) used to close the gas passage through the manifold and isolate the contents of the two cylinders. Used to prevent a leak on one cylinder from causing the other cylinder to also lose gas.

af: isolasieklep, isoleringsklep?

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J

jackstay

A line secured at both ends to serve as a support or guide.

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Jack-up rig

A type of mobile platform that consists of a buoyant hull fitted with a number of movable legs, capable of raising its hull over the surface of sea. The buoyant hull enables transportation of the unit and all attached machinery to a desired location. Once on location the hull is raised to the required elevation above the sea surface on its legs supported by the sea bed.

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J-cylinder

Bulk gas storage cylinder with internal volume 50 litres.

af: J-silinder

JIC fitting

A type of pipe and hose fitting with a 37-degree flare seating surface. Commonly used in umbilical hose connections.

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JIM suit

An atmospheric diving suit manufactured by Underwater Marine Equipment Limited.

af: JIM pak

job safety analysis, (JSA)

A procedure to integrate health and safety principles and practices into a particular task or job. Each basic step of the job analysed to identify potential hazards and controls for each hazard.

af: werksveiligheidontleding

jocking strap

webbing strap system used with diving helmets to hold the helmet assembly down on the diver to prevent buoyancy lifting it when underwater.

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Jonline

A short line used to connect to a shotline or anchor line, allowing the diver to move a short horizontal distance away to decompress. The line helps compensate for vertical movement in the anchor line or shot line due to waves.

af: Jonlyn

jump

A path from a main guideline to another which is not in contact.

af: sprong

jump camera

A camera mounted on a frame, which when lowered to the bottom of a body of water, takes a photograph, usually of the bottom under the camera. The frame constrains the camera to a fixed camera to subject distance, resulting in photographs of uniformly sized areas of bottom, equivalent to quadrats.

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Jump jacket

The Jump Jacket is a harness with integral buoyancy jacket specifically designed for commercial diving work with helmets and bells.

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jump line

A short cave line used to connect between two permanent lines that are not in contact. May also be used to search for the other end of a break in a cave line and repair the break.

af: springlyn? spronglyn?

jump reel, jump spool

A reel or spool with a relatively short line intended to be used as a jump line

af: springkatrol? sprongkatrol?

J-valve

Scuba cylinder valve with lever operated reserve mechanism.

af: J-klep

K

kayak diving

Diving from a special purpose kayak used to get to the site where the distance from a suitable entry and exit point is inconvenient for shore diving.

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keel

The longitudinal centreline structural element at the bottom of a boat or ship that sometimes resembles a fin and protrudes below the fair hull surface, or a hydrodynamic element providing resistance to lateral motion. It may be ballasted to increase stability.

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K-valve

Scuba cylinder valve without reserve mechanism.

af: K-klep, gewone silinderklep

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L

lanyard

A piece of cordage used to secure or lower things, usually it is used where there is a risk of losing the object.

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launch

Cause to move into the water from a resting place above the water.

af: terwaterlating, lansering

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launch and recovery sysytem (LARS)

Mechanised system for launching and recovery of a diving bell, diving stage, submersible or ROV from a vessel, offshore platform, dockside or other platform.

af: lanseer- en herwinstelsel

laryngospasm

An uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords which causes a partial blocking of breathing in, while breathing out remains easier.

af: laringospasma

de: Stimmritzenkrampf

latent hypoxia

While freediving, an arterial pO₂ which is sufficient to sustain consciousness at depth, but when ascending drops to hypoxic levels due to the reduction of ambient pressure, associated with ascent blackout.

af: latente hipoksie?

lay barge, pipelay barge

Barge on which pipeline sections are assembled, welded and laid on the seabed as the barge is moved forward.

af: pyplê-baggerboot

lazy shot

Shot line which does not reach the bottom. Usually used to provide a convenient place to decompress in the water where there is another method of finding the lazy shot during ascent.

af: luikoeël

Li

life-jacket

Wearable safety item containing buoyant material or inflatable bladder intended to keep the wearer afloat with the face supported above the water surface even when unconscious.

af: reddingsbaadjie

lifeline

A line connected securely to the diver at one end and anchored at the other end at the diving control point, which is handled by a line tender, and is used to communicate with the diver and provide a means of finding the diver for a surface standby diver, and for assisting the diver to the surface and back to the control point if necessary.

af: reddingslyn, reddingstou, noodlyn

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life support

af: lewensondersteuning

life support system

Equipment vital to the short term survival of the diver. Most notably the breathing gas supply, and for saturation diving, equipment for providing a correctly pressurised environment. In some cases thermoregulatory equipment is also considered life support, and in saturation diving, all of the peripheral systems essential to maintaining a habitable saturation system.

af: lewensondersteuningstelsel, lewensinstandhoudingstelsel

life support technician (LST)

A person who operates and maintains the life support systems of a saturation diving system and operates pressure vessel systems for human occupants which use an internal atmosphere other than air.

af: lewensondersteuningtegnikus

lifting bag

A robust and air-tight bag with straps, which is used to lift heavy objects underwater by means of the bag's buoyancy when filled with air.

af: hyssak? lughyssak?

de: Hebesack

fr: parachute de relevage

it: pallone di sollevamento

ro: balon subacvatic

ru: Транспортный буй (лифт-бэг, парашют) Transportnyy buy (lift-beg, parashyut)

light emitting diode (LED)

Commonly used in dive lights. A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor that emits light when activated by applying a suitable voltage to the leads This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically smaller than 1 mm² and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern. LEDs have lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching than incandescent lights.

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light head

The part of a canister light which emits light, and is held in the hand or mounted on the helmet.

af: ligkop?

de: Lampenkopf

lightweight helmet

Low volume, close fitting diving helmet, usually with demand valve. Neutrally buoyant, and moves with the diver's head.

af: liggewighelm? liggewigduikhelm? ligteduikhelm? ligte-aanvraagshelm? liggewigaanvraagsduikhelm?

de: Leichthelm

line marker

af: gidslynmerker?

Line arrows, cookies and sometimes clothes pegs. Used to indicate direction to exit, midway point between exits, jumps and personal markers to identify divers on a guide line.

af: Lynpyle, koekies en soms wasgoedpennetjies.

line tender

see diver's attendant

af: duik/duiker-oppasser, opsigter, bediener, aanhanger, versorger? lynversorger?

line trap

Narrow gap where the guide line passes but divers can not get through. Careful placement can avoid most line traps.

af: lynstrik?

lipid pneumonia

A lung inflammation (pneumonia) that develops when lipids enter the bronchial tree. A possible consequence of inadequate filtration of the breathing gas when it is contaminated by compressor lubricant.

af: lipiedpneumonia (letterlik vetlongontsteking)

live-aboard, live-aboard dive boat - [Nota- dis 'n moeilike een, ek het dit nog nooit in Afr gehoor nie!] inwoon diukerboot? inbly duikerboot?

A large dive boat which provides transport, accommodation and services for vacationing divers.

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live-boating

Diving from a boat which is under way (not moored). The major implication is that the engines will be running and propellers or thrusters may be engaged while divers are in the water, a significant hazard, particularly to tethered divers. It is less of a problem with untethered scuba, and with bell diving, as the risk is largely of catching the loose umbilical or lifeline in the thrusters or propellers.

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Lo

lock, airlock

Compartment of a hyperbaric habitat or chamber which can be entered through two or more openings which can be closed and sealed, and the pressure adjusted relative to the adjacent chambers or exterior. Used to transfer personnel or equipment between areas of different pressure. A closed bell functions as a transportable airlock.

af: lugslot, lugsluiting

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lockout

Diver leaving the closed bell into the water through the open lock. Also, by analogy, a diver leaving a wet bell in the water.

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Lockout-tagout

Safety procedure when working on a hazardous energy source.

log

Instrument for measuring speed and distance travelled by a vessel.

af: log

log book

Record of dives kept as proof of experience. Optional for recreational divers, but legally required for professional divers in many jurisdictions. Equivalent documents are used by diving supervisors, chamber operators and life-support technicians to record details of operations.

af: logboek, joernaal?

long hose

5 ft to 7 ft interstage hose used on one of the regulators used by cave and other technical divers, which allows gas sharing while passing through through narrow spaces.

af: langslang?

longshore current

Mass transport of water along a shoreline, generally due to wave action at an angle to the shoreline.

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loop, breathing loop

The circuit in a rebreather through which the breathing gas passes during a breathing cycle.

af: asemhalingslus?

loop volume

Volume of the breathing loop of a rebreather.

af: lusvolume?

lost buddy drill

Standardised procedure followed when a diver realises that their buddy is not where they should be. Procedures may vary depending on the circumstances and training organisations.

af: verloremakkerdril

lost line drill

Standardised procedure to be followed when the guideline to open water is lost in a penetration dive, often in conditions of low visibility and darkness.

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low pressure (LP)

Pressures below about 30 bar in diving equipment. Umbilical gas supplies are considered low-pressure in this context.

af: laedruk?

LP compressor

Low pressure compressor. Used for breathing air supply for surface supplied air diving.

af: laedrukkompressor

LP cylinder

Low pressure cylinder (US) with working pressure less than 2500 psi. This is only low-pressure in comparison to other scuba cylinders.

af: laedruksilinder

LP port

Opening on the first stage of a regulator through which regulated gas is supplied. Usually has a 3/8" UNF thread.

af: laedrukpoort

lung packing

see glossopharangeal insufflation

af: longverpakking?

M

mammalian diving reflex, diving response, diving reflex

A reflex response to breathhold and chilling of the face expressed by the cardiovascular system, which exhibits hypertension, bradycardia, oxygen conservation, arrhythmias, and contraction of the spleen.

af: duikrefleks, duikrespons? duikreaksie?

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manifold

See twin cylinder manifold

af: spruit, spruitstuk, spruitpyp, verdeelpyp

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manual closed circuit rebreather (MCCR)

A closed cirduit rebreather which relies on the diver to control the gas mixture in the loop.

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manufacturing standard, manufacturing code

Set of design and manufacturing rules intended to produce uniform and safe products by several manufacturers in an industry.

af: vervaardigingsstandaard? vervaardigingskode?

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Marsh Marine connector

One of the popular underwater plug connector systems for diver communications cables.

af: Marsh Marine verbinding?

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Martini's law

Rough rule of thumb for estimating nitrogen narcosis effects based on equivalence to consumption of dry martinis: Variously quoted as one martini per 10 m or one martini per 50 ft depth.

af:

master link

Rigging: The large heavy duty link to which the legs of a chain sling are attached, and which is the attachment point on the sling for the lifting hook or shackle.

af: koppelskakel, lasskakel

maximum operating depth (MOD)

Limiting depth for safety based on partial pressure of oxygen of a breathing gas mixture.

af:

de: maximal mögliche Tauchtiefe

maze cave

Cave structure characterised by multiple branches and changes in direction.

af: doolhofgrot?

medical lock

Small lock on a decompression chamber used for transfer of medical equipment and other supplies into and out of the chamber while the chamber remains under pressure.

af: mediese lugslot? mediese lugsluiting?

metres sea water, msw

Unit of pressure equal to 1/10 bar. Not a linear measure of depth.

af: meter seewater

microbubbles

Microscopic bubbles which are not detectable by ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound, yet can affect the likelihood of DCS by slowing off-gassing.

af:mikroborrels?

micronuclei

Microscopic cavities that function as bubble seeds by absorbing dissolved gas.

af: mikrokerne?

mix

Short for trimix breathing gas.

af: mengsel

mixed gas

Breathing gas for diving other than air, but usually implies a helium based mixture.

af: gemengde gas

Mo

modified flutter kick

Version of the flutter kick finning style which reduces risk of silting by directing thrust more directly backwards. Two techniques exist: One version has the legs bent at the knees so that the fins are placed relatively high and on average are aligned more horizontally. The other version has one fin stationary below the moving fin to deflect downwash. Leg movement is restrained, and ankle movement used for precision manoeuvring.

af: gewysigde fladderskop?

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modified frog kick

Version of the frog kick finning style which reduces risk of silting by directing thrust more directly backwards. Performed with bent knees and fins raised above the line of the torso.

af: gewysigde paddaskop?

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mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU)

A generic term for several classes of self-contained floatable or floating drilling rigs such as drilling vessels, semisubmersibles, submersibles, jack-ups, and similar facilities that can be moved without substantial effort. These facilities may have self-propulsion equipment on board and may require dynamic positioning equipment or mooring systems to maintain their position.

af:

molecular sieve

Material containing tiny pores of a precise and uniform size that is used as an adsorbent for gases and liquids. Molecules small enough to pass through the pores are absorbed while larger molecules are not. It is different from a common filter in that it operates on a molecular level.

af: molekulêre sif

monkey diving

The use of sidemount configuration and procedures with a single cylinder.

af:

monofin

A type of swimfin typically used in finswimming and free-diving. It consists of a single surface attached to footpockets for both of the diver's feet.

af: enkelvin

de: Monoflosse

moonpool

An opening in the floor or base of the hull, platform, or chamber giving access to the water below.

mooring buoy

Buoy used to keep one end of a mooring cable or chain at the water's surface so that ships or boats can tie on to it.

af: meerboei

multi-beam sonar

A type of sonar that is used to map the seabed. Like other sonar systems, multibeam systems emit sound waves in a fan shape beneath a ship's hull. The amount of time it takes for the sound waves to bounce off the seabed and return to a receiver is used to determine water depth. Unlike other sonars, multibeam systems use beamforming to extract directional information from the returning soundwaves, producing a swath of depth readings from a single ping.

af: multistraalsonar?

multilevel

af: veelvlakkig

multilevel dive

Dive profile in which the diver remains in more than one distinct depth ranges for a significant period before beginning final ascent to the surface (excluding decompression stops).

af: veelvlakduik? veelvlakkige duik

mung

A brown organic deposit usually found on the ceilings of caves which is easily dislodged by diver's exhaust bubbles and then drifts down through the water.

multiple stage compressor

Compressor in which gases are compressed more than once, often with cooling between stages. Used to improve efficiency and reduce temperatures.

af: veelstadiumkompressor?

mushroom valve

A rubber non-return valve flap which is circular or oval, with a stem in the middle to attach it to the holder in the centre of the grating over the orifice.

af: skildklep

M-value

At a given ambient pressure, the M-value is the maximum theoretical value of absolute inert gas pressure that a tissue compartment can take without presenting symptoms of decompression sickness.

af: M-waarde

N

National Association for Cave Diving (NACD)

A non-profit corporation based in Florida, founded in 1968 to improve the safety of scuba diving in caves through training and education. NACD provides training and certification in cavern and cave diving, and instructor courses.

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narcs

see nitrogen narcosis

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(US) Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU)

US Navy unit which tests and evaluates diving, hyperbaric, and other life-support systems and procedures, and conducts research and development in biomedical and environmental physiology.

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Navy SEAL

A US Navy trained combat diver.

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No-decompression limit (NDL), no-stop time

The maximum time which a diver can remain at a specified depth without incurring a stage decompression obligation in terms of the specified decompression tables or algorithm.

af:

de: Nullzeit

neck dam

The lower part of a lightweight diving helmet which includes a neoprene or latex neck seal to prevent ingress of water. The alternative is to clamp the helmet to the diver's dry suit.

af: nekdam

necklace

Bungee loop attached to the secondary regulator second stage, worn around the neck to store the secondary close under the chin, where it is protected and the diver is immediately aware of a free-flow. With a little adjustment and practice it is possible to pick it up by head and mouth movement alone, not needing use of a hand. The bungee is attached to the second stage by a breakaway connection, often a close-fitting loop over the mouthpiece, so that it can be moved away from the diver's head in an emergency without disturbing the primary second stage or the mask.

af: hals?

needle valve

af: naaldklep

negative buoyancy

also just negative in context

see also diving heavy - Sien ook swaarduik

Buoyancy less than weight. Insufficient upward force due to buoyancy to keep afloat or remain at constant depth.

af: negatiewe dryfkrag? negatiewe dryfvermoë

negative buoyancy entry, negatively buoyant entry, negative entry

Entry into the water after reducing buoyancy of BC and, if applicable, dry suit by venting to ensure that the diver will not float back to the surface, but will continue to descend.

af: swaar-ingang?

neo-Haldanian, also neo-Haldanean

Decompression models based on later modifications of the principles described by John Scott Haldane.

af:

neoprene

Synthetic elastomer used in the form of foamed sheets as the material for most wetsuits and some dry suits.

af: neopreen

neutral buoyancy

Having a fully immersed buoyancy exactly equal to weight, so that the forces are balanced and the person or object statically remains at a constant depth. Effectively average density is equal to that of the surrounding fluid medium. The state of neutral buoyancy is typically metastable for a compressible system.

af: neutrale dryfkrag? neutrale dryfvermoë

Newtsuit

An atmospheric diving suit designed and originally built by Phil Nuytten.

af: Newtsuit

net cutter

A handle with a hooked blade used to cut netting or cordage to free the diver from entanglement.

af:

Non-freezing cold injuries, (NFCE)

Permanent tissue damage due to low temperature exposure without any freezing damage.

af: nie-bevriesende koudbeserings

niggles

Minor symptoms characteristic of mild decompression sickness.

af:

night diving

Diving during the hours of darkness.

af: nagduik

nickel-metal hydride (NiMH)

A technology for rechargeable battery cells, largely superseded by lithium ion technology.

af: nikkel-metaalhidried

nitrile, nitrile rubber

A synthetic elastomer used for most standard O-ring seals.

af: nitrielrubber

nitrogen

The major component gas of air and many breathing gas mixtures used in diving. Important in diving as an active agent in nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness through physical processes. It is not considered a metabolically active gas, and is classed as inert for diving purposes.

af: stikstof

de: Stickstoff

nitrogen narcosis

Also known as narcs, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect: A reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while breathing gases containing nitrogen under elevated partial pressure similar to alcohol intoxication or nitrous oxide inhalation, and can occur to some extent during shallow dives, but usually does not become noticeable until greater depths, beyond 30 meters, depending on personal susceptibility and other variables.

af: stikstofnarkose

de: Tiefenrausch, Stickstoffnarkose, Inertgas­narkose

nitrox, also Enriched Air Nitrox (EAN)

Mixture of nitrogen and oxygen for use as breathing gas. Usually with oxygen percentage higher than air. Usually blended from medical oxygen and air.

af: nitroks

de: Nitrox

nitrox stick, blending stick

A mixing tube used to blend oxygen with air before compressing to make nitrox breathing gas.

af: mengbuis, nitroksbuis

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (US)

An American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere.

af:

nominal capacity

Volume of free gas contained by a scuba cylinder when filled to charging pressure at rated temperature.

af: nominale kapasiteit?

no-mount diving

A specialized overhead-environment strategy for dealing with particularly tight restrictions which may involve divers wearing a very basic harness or simply hand-carrying cylinders.

af: ongemonteerdeduik? geen-monteringsduik?

non-return valve, check valve

Valve which allows flow only in one direction

af: terugslagklep, keerklep

normoxic

1. A breathing gas mixture with oxygen content approximating atmospheric air.
2. A breathing gas for diving which contains sufficient oxygen to minimise risk of hypoxia at atmospheric pressure.

af:

National Speleological Society NSS

An organization formed in 1941 to advance the exploration, conservation, study, and understanding of caves in the United States.

af:

nystagmus

An oscillation of the eyes alternating a slow eye movement in one direction, and a fast eye movement in the other direction.

af: nistagmus

O

oceanography

af:

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octopus breathing

Sharing air using an octopus regulator

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octopus regulator

A secondary demand valve fitted to a first stage diving regulator for use as an alternative air source for another diver in case of an emergency.

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off-gassing

see outgassing

af: afgassing

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offshore

A significant distance away from the shoreline.

af: oopsee, buitebrandingsgebied, buitekus

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offshore

Outside the national maritime border, in international waters, though generally still inside the exclusive economic zone.

af: aflandige, aflandig, aflands

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offshore

In a direction away from the shore

af: seewaarts

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offshore diver

Colloquial term for a diver who works in the offshore oil and gas industry.

oopseeduiker

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offshore drilling

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offshore engineering

af: oppsee-ingenieuswese,

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offshore equipment

af: oopseetoerusting,

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offshore jurisdiction

af: seejurisdiksie, aflandige regsgebied

O-lay

Method for installation of sub-sea pipeline for the oil and gas industry. The pipe is constructed in an onshore construction yard, moved into the water and bent into a spiral without causing plastic deformation of the material. When the pipeline is sufficiently long it is transported with the help of tugs to the installation area. At the installation area the pipeline is unwound and pulled over a simple lay barge with stinger and installed on the bottom.

af:

on-gassing

see ingassing

af: ingassing

open circuit

Breathing apparatus which discharges exhaled gas into the environment, without any further use.

af: oopbaan, deurloop

operations manual

af: bedryfhandleiding?

Out of air (OOA)

An emergency situation where the supply of breathing gas to the diver has stopped.

af: lugstaking? lugweiering?

open water

1. Water where there is no physical obstruction to a direct ascent to the surface.
2. Water which is open to influences by weather and climatic conditions.

af: oopwater

O-ring

A mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; a closed circular loop of elastomer with a circular cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, creating a seal at the contact surfaces.

af: O-ring

fr: joint torique (m) o-ring (m)

oro-nasal mask

A breathing mask that covers the mouth and the nose only. It may occur independently, as an oxygen mask or built-in breathing system (BIBS) mask, or it may occur inside a full face diving mask or helmet to reduce the amount of dead space.

af: mond-neus-masker? binnemasker?

de: Innenmaske (inner mask)

outgassing

Diffusion of gas out of the tissue into the blood, and transport to the lungs where it diffuses into the lung gas and is eliminated by exhalation.

af: uitgassing

overhead

A physical or procedural obstruction to a direct ascent to the surface. Physical overheads include cave, cavern or culvert ceilings, fishing nets, ship hulls, and wreckage. Procedural overheads are generally a decompression obligation.

af: oorhoof

Over-pressure valve (OPV)

A pressure relief valve which automatically opens at a set pressure to allow excess gas to escape.

af: ontlasklep

overweighting

Carrying more weight than is necessary to be able to achieve neutral buoyancy at all times during a dive.

af: oorverswaring

oxygen

Important component gas of atmospheric air and essential component of any breathing gas. Required to sustain life.

af: suurstof

de: Sauerstoff

oxygen analyzer

Instrument for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in a gas mixture.

af: suurstofanaliseerder

oxygen clean

Cleaned for oxygen service by appropriate methods and materials and tested for contaminants. Verified that particulates, fibres, oils, greases and other contaminants are absent.

af: suurstofskoon?

oxygen clock

A notional alarm clock, which accumulates hyperbaric oxygen exposure at a rate which increases with higher ppO₂ toward the maximum single exposure limit recommended.

af: suurstofhorlosie

oxygen compatible

Made from materials which are suitable for oxygen service. Capable of coexisting with elevated oxygen concentrations and a potential source of ignition without flashing, based on a system’s maximum operating pressure and temperature.

af: suurstofversoenbaar

oxygen compatible air

Air which has been filtered to reduce contaminants to a level suitable for blending with high pressure oxygen. Air with a reduced level of condensable hydrocarbon mist or vapour.

af: suurstofversoenbare lug

oxygen design

Design for oxygen service, that minimizes any tendency for heat generation, ignition of particulates, or the accumulation of contaminants for an intended partial pressure of oxygen and temperature.

af: suurstofontwerp

oxygen fraction

Fraction by volume pressure or numerical proportion of molecules (these are all the same thing, but indicate ways of producing and measuring the oxygen fraction) of the gas mixture made up by oxygen.

af: suurstofdeel? suurstoffraksie? suurstofgedeelte?

Oxygen Pete

Mythical monster associated with CNS oxygen toxicity, also CNS oxygen toxicity seizure.

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oxygen saturation

Measure of the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.

af: suurstofversadiging

oxygen service

Suitable for operating with significantly higher levels of oxygen than normal atmospheric air. Often implies special cleaning procedures, use of oxygen compatible materials, and design to reduce ignition risk. System or component that has been designed and tested for oxygen use, has been tested as oxygen clean and is oxygen compatible.

af: suurstofdiens

oxygen toxicity

A condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O₂) at elevated partial pressures.

af: suurstoftoksisiteit, suurstofvergiftiging

de: Sauerstofftoxikose

oxygen window

Inherent unsaturation due to metabolic reduction of total gas pressure in the tissues.

af: suurstofvenster?

P

panic

A sudden sensation of fear which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and frantic agitation consistent with an animalistic fight-or-flight reaction.

af: paniek

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parallel compartments

A decompression model comprising a group of tissues with varied rates of perfusion, but supplied by blood of approximately equivalent gas concentration. The model assumes that there is no gas transfer between tissue compartments by diffusion. This results in a parallel set of independent tissues, each with its own rate of ingassing and outgassing dependent on the rate of blood flowing through the tissue.

af: parallellekompartemente, parallelle weefselkompartemente?

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partial pressure

(Abbreviation PP or pp) The pressure that a component gas of a gas mixture would exert if it alone was present in the volume occupied by the gas mixture.

af: parsiële druk, deeldruk gedeeltelike druk

de: Partialdruck, Teildruck

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partial pressure gradient

The rate of change of partial pressure of dissolved gas through a solvent, which is the driving mechanism for diffusion through the solvent. Also loosely used to refer to the difference between the dissolved gas pressure in a tissue and ambient pressure.

af: deeldrukhelling? parsiele-druk gradiënt

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passive addition

Feed gas addition system for semi-closed circuit rebreathers which discharges a part of the gas in the breathing circuit. fresh gas is added when the volume of the circuit decreases during inhalation and triggers the addition valve. Compare with active addition.

af: passiewe byvoeging? passiewe gastoevoeging?

patent foramen ovale, PFO

A form of congenital heart defect that enables blood flow between the left and right atria through a gap in the interatrial septum.

af: patente foramen ovale

pendulum rebreather

af: slingerhersirkuleerder

push-pull rebreather

Rebreather with a single breathing hose from the mouthpiece to the scrubber and counterlung. Gas passes through it in both directions, unlike the one-way breathing loop configuration. The volume of the hose between the mouthpiece and scrubber is dead space.

af: ruk- en druk-hersirkuleerder? suig- en blaas-hersirkuleerder? trek- en stoot-hersirkuleerder?

penetration

Entering a region with no direct vertical access to the surface, such as a cave or the interior of a wreck.

af: indringing, binnedringing

penetration line

See distance line

af: binnedringingslyn?

percolation

In cave diving: Bubbles making their way to the walls and the ceiling of the cave and dislodging silt.

af: deursyfering

perfusion

The process of delivery of blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue.

af: bloedsomloop, perfusie

perfusion limited

The assumption in a decompression model that perfusion has the dominant influence on gas uptake and release.

af: perfusiebeperk? omloopbeperk?

personal locator beacon (PLB)

Radio beacon for personal use which is intended to indicate a person in distress who is away from normal emergency services.

af:

personal safety equipment

af: persoonlike veiligheidstoerusting

personal protective equipment (PPE)

af: persoonlike beskermende toerusting

personal protective clothing

Equipment worn by personnel to reduce risk of injury at sites where it is not practicable to eliminate the hazard, including ear protectors, safety glasses, hard hats, gloves, overalls, respirators etc.

af: persoonlike beskermende klerasie

photo quadrat

A photograph of a quadrat taken for later analysis. Common in marine ecological research where in situ counting would be impractical. Quadrats may be identified by rigid frames or by a fixed camera to subject distance. (see jump camera)

af: fotokwadraat?

Pi

pigging

Deploying a pipeline inspection gauge through a pipeline.

af:

pigtail, pigtail connection

Coiled section of pipe to provide greater flexibility or reduce stresses caused by variations in length between rigid connections.

af: varkstertverbinding

pillar valve

Alternative name for a cylinder valve, originally a specific kind of cylinder valve, now generic.

af: pilaarklep?

pin index connection, Pin Index Safety System (PISS)

Standardised connection type for portable medical gas cylinder valves and regulators, commonly used on emergency medical oxygen cylinders and regulators.

af: penindeksverbinder? penwyserverbinder?

pipeline inspection gauge, pig (PIG)

A tool that is sent through a pipeline and propelled by the pressure of the product in the pipeline itself. It may be used for inspection, cleaning or to separate batches of product.

af: pyplyninspeksiemeter

Pipeline end manifold (PLEM)

Point where flexible underwater hose string is attached to connect seabed pipeline with Single point mooring.

af: pypeindspruitstuk

placement

Point securing the guideline as it is being run out and the choice of primary and secondary tie offs.

af: uitsetting, plasing

plug adaptor

A plug that screws into some models of 240 bar DIN thread cylinder valve outlets, allowing a yoke fitting to be connected. Compare with block adaptor.

af: pasprop

pneumo breathing

Use of the pneumofathometer hose to supply breathing gas to a surface supplied diver in an emergency. Supply can be from the diver's own pneumo hose or from a standby diver's pneumo hose. The hose end can be inserted under the neck dam seal of the helmet or the face seal of the full-face mask, or there may be a quick-commect link to the helmet air supply ducting. Breathing gas supplied directly into the helmet or mask under the seal is supplied as free-flow gas.

af: pneumoasemhaling?

pneumofathometer, also pneumo

Instrument to measure depth of a diver using a gauge calibrated in msw, fsw, or often both, to measure the ambient pressure at the diver by measuring the pressure in the pneumofathometer (pneumo) hose when filled with air with an open end at the diver. The hose is flushed, producing bubbles at the diver, then supply is closed for an accurate reading. The presence of a pneumofathometer is a primary distinction between full surface-supplied equipment and airline equipment.

af: lugdrukdieptemeter? pneumofademeter? pneumofademmeter? pneumofatometer?

pneumothorax

Air or other breathing gas in the chest cavity, between the pleura, sometimes resulting in a collapsed lung.

af: ruslong, pneumotoraks, longvlieslugbreuk

tension pneumothorax

a pneumothorax where there is sufficient pressure in the trapped gas to displace the thoracic organs.

af: spannings-pneumotoraks

de:

Po

pony bottle, pony cylinder

Relatively small scuba set usually carried as an independent alternative breathing gas source (bailout set or emergency gas supply) by a scuba diver.

af: poniebottel, poniesilinder

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poppet valve

Valve configuration commonly used in diving regulators.

af: stootklep

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positive displacement

(of compressor) Compresses gas by reducing the volume of of the compression chamber by mechanical means (piston, diaphragm, vanes or other) to produce higher pressure of the contents.

af: positiewe verplasing

pounds per square inch, psi

Unit of pressure in the Imperial and US customary units systems of measurement.

af: pond per vierkantduim

P-port

A large bore quick connector fitting designed and used by Draeger on diving and firefighting breathing apparatus, which has been used in rebreathers, particularly for modifications for connecting a component to the breathing loop.

af: P-poort

pre-fill external inspection

Examination of the external condition and markings of a pressure vessel and fittings to ensure that it complies with requirements before accepting for filling.

af: voorvul-buiteïnspeksie

pre-mix

Nitrox blend with high oxygen content used to mix nitrox by topping up the decanted premix with air.

af: voormengsel

pressure equalisation

af: drukvereffening?

de: Druckausgleich

pressure gradient

Variation in pressure between points.

af: drukhelling, drukgradiënt

pressure regulating valve

A mechanism comprising a flow control valve with downstream feedback which closes the valve as the downstream pressure rises. It may also have ambient pressure feedback to maintain a constant downstream pressure relative to ambient pressure, or may produce a downstream pressure independent of ambient pressure changes.

af: drukreëlklep

pressure regulator

see pressure regulating valve.

af: drukreëlaar

de:

pressure relief valve

see overpressure relief valve.

af: drukontlasklep

pressure test

Any function or leak test under external or internal pressure.

af: druktoets

pressure transducer

af: drukomsetter

pressure transmitter

af: druksender

de: Drucksender, Transponder

pressure vessel for human occupation

af: drukhouer vir menslike besetting?

primary light

The main light to be used on a dive. Usually the brightest. Rated burn-time should exceed the planned dive duration.

af: primêre lig

primary regulator

The regulator which the diver intends to breathe from for most of the dive. Particularly when diving with back-mounted manifolded twin cylinders.

af: primêre reguleerder?

primary tie-off

First tie off of the guideline in a penetration dive. This is usually made in a place with free vertical access to the surface, or within the natural light zone where the exit is clearly visible.

af: primêre afbinding

professional diving

Diving which is done as part of the diver's employment or professional occupation.

af: professioneleduik, beroepsduik?

de: Berufstauchen

progressive penetration

An incremental approach to cave and wreck exploration. Each dive goes a bit further so that the divers develop a familiarity with the environment.

af: stuksgewys indringing?

propeller

af: skroef

public safety diving

The underwater work conducted by law enforcement, fire department rescue, and search & rescue/recovery dive teams.

af: openbareveiligheidsduik

pull

1. A relatively long duration pull on a lifeline when used for rope signals. (see "bell" for comparison).
2. Part of an ascent between the bottom and a decompression stop, between decompression stops, or to the surface. Possibly deriving from the practice of pulling a surface supplied diver up by the umbilical or lifeline.

af: trek

pulmonary over-inflation syndrome

Pulmonary barotrauma of ascent. Lung over-pressure injury.

af: longoorvulsindroom

purge

To press the purge button on a demand valve to induce a gas flow which is intended to clear the demand valve interior of water or other substances.

af: spui

purge button

Button or flexible area on the front or side of a demand valve which allows the user to manually open the second stage valve to provide gas flow without inhalation.

af: spuiknoppie, suiweringsknop opruimknop?

purge valve

Valve in snorkel or mask which allows water to drain either under gravity or as a result of exhalation into the air space.

af: spuiklep, suiweringsklep

push gradient

Tech diving jargon: Decompress at a high gradient factor, particularly when exceeding the baseline M-value.

af: gradient druk? gradient stoot?

Push to talk, (PTT)

Voice communication systems which require the user to press a button to transmit. Used with through water systems to conserve battery power, and with most surface units for hard wired voice communications, where the diver does not need to hear background noise.

af: druk om te praat

P-valve, Pee-valve

A valved catheter fitted to a dry suit, which enables a diver to urinate into the water at any time without having to get out of the water.

af: pisklep?

Pyle stops

Additional brief deep decompression stops, typically 2 minutes long and half way between the maximum depth and the first conventional decompression stop. Further stops are half way between the previous Pyle stop and the first conventional stop. Named after Richard Pyle, an early advocate of deep stops who developed the algorithm.

af: Pyle stoppe

Q

quad

A group of high pressure gas storage cylinders mounted upright on a frame and manifolded together. Usually in 4, 6, 9, 12, or 16 cylinder arrangements.

af: vierling

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quadrat

A small, typically rectangular plot used in ecology and geography to isolate a standard unit of area for study of the distribution of an item over a large area. The quadrat is suitable for sampling plants and slow-moving or sessile animals.

af: kwadraat, vierkant

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quick connector

Hose connector that can be rapidly connected and disconnected without tools. Some types can be connected and disconnected under working pressure, and some automatically seal the ends when disconnected.

af: snelkoppeling?

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quick link

Oval connector shaped like a chain link with a screw gate on one side.

af: snelskakel?

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R

rapture of the deep

see nitrogen narcosis

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rash vest, rash guard, or rashie

A shirt made of spandex and nylon or polyester to protect against rashes caused by abrasion. These shirts can be worn by themselves, in tropical water, or under a wetsuit.

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Rat hat

Ratcliffe diving helmet, Designed by Bob Ratcliffe, later produced by Oceaneering International. No longer in production.

af: Ratcliffe helm

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ratio decompression

A technique for calculating decompression schedules for scuba divers engaged in deep diving without using dive tables, decompression software or a dive computer.

af: verhoudingsdekompressie

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rebreather

Breathing apparatus which recycles most of the exhaled gas, removing carbon dioxide and topping up oxygen before the gas is breathed again.

af: hersirkuleerder (kort)? asemhalingsgashersirkuleerder (vol)? (duik)asemhalingsgashersirkulasieapparaat?

de: Kreislauftauchgeräte

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rebreather diving

Underwater diving using rebreathers. The main advantages of rebreather diving are extended gas endurance, and lack of bubbles. Rebreathers are more complex to use than open circuit scuba, and have more potential points of failure, so acceptably safe use requires a greater level of skill, attention and situational awareness.

af: hersirkuleerderduik?

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reciprocating compressor

Compressor in which the volume of the compression chamber/s is cyclically changed by reversing linear motion. E.g.: a piston moving back and forth in a cylinder.

af: wederkerige kompressor

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reclaim helmet

Diving helmet with a reclaim gas regulator allowing exhaled gas to be safely returned to the surface through an additional hose on the umbilical.

af: herwinningshelm?

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reclaim system

System for recovering helium based breathing gas used by divers and recycling it.

af: herwinningsisteem?

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recompression

Subjecting a diver to pressure after an ascent from a dive as treatment for decompression illness or to prevent decompression sickness. Preferably done in a recompression chamber, but occasionally done as in-water recompression.

af: herkompressie

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recompression chamber

A hyperbaric chamber used to treat divers suffering from certain diving disorders such as decompression sickness.

af: herkompressiekamer

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recreational diving

Recreational diving or sport diving is diving for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment. In some diving circles, the term "recreational diving" is used in contradistinction to "technical diving", a more demanding aspect of the sport which requires greater levels of training, experience and equipment. In other circles, technical diving is considered a subset of recreational diving as opposed to professional diving, which is done as part of the diver's work. Most recreational diving uses scuba.

af: ontspanningsduik

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Recreational Dive Planner (RDP)

A no-stop decompression table developed by DSAT. Used by PADI for entry level training.

af: Ontspanningsduikbeplanner?

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redundancy

Technical diving philosophy of ensuring that a spare or backup is available for any item of life-support equipment that would immediately endanger the diver if it were to fail.

af: oortolligheid

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redundant equipment

Duplicated or spare equipment carried by the diver or team to substitute for vital primary equipment in case of a malfunction. In some cases, such as cave lights, multiple redundancy may be desirable. A redundant breathing gas supply is the most common example.

af: oortollige uitrusting

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red tide

see algal bloom

af: rooigety

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reed valve

Type of non-return valve used in some compressors and two-stroke engines.

af: rietklep? tongklep?

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reel

Mechanism used to store, deploy and recover long lengths of line. Usually fitted with a handle, a winding knob and either a ratchet or a brake.

af: katrol

dive reel, diving reel

af: duikkatrol

cave reel

af: grotkatrol?

primary reel

af: hoofkatrol?

backup reel

af: spaarkatrol?

open reel

af: oopkatrol

closed reel

af: geslotekatrol

regulator

1. A mechanism for controlling the output pressure of a high pressure gas supply.
2. As 1, with a demand valve (q.v.) incorporated which provides the diver with breathing gas at ambient pressure.

af: reguleerder? reëlklep?

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regulator freeze

Locking of the regulator mechanism caused by freezing of the water due to expansion cooling of the regulated air. Often causes the mechanism to lock open, causing free flow and further cooling.

af: reguleerderbevriesing?

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reject criteria, rejection criteria

Features, states or conditions which are not acceptable.

af: afwyskriteria, afwysingskriteria?

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relief valve

af: ontlasklep

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remotely operated vehicle, remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV)

An unoccupied, highly maneuverable, tethered underwater mobile device usually operated by a crew aboard a surface vessel. They are commonly used in deep water industries and for scientific observation. They are linked to a host ship by a neutrally buoyant tether or a load-carrying umbilical cable is used along with a tether management system.

af: afstandsbedrewe-voertuig? afstandbeheerde onderwatertuig? afstandsbedrewe dompeltuig?

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repetitive dives

Any dive which is done while the tissues retain residual inert gas from a previous dive.

af: herhalende duike

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Repex

Method of estimating tolerable repetitive exposure to high partial pressure oxygen. (repetitive exposure)

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reserve gas

Gas which is not intended to be used during the dive, and is reserved for contingencies.

af: reserwegas, spaargas? noodgas?

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reserve valve, air reserve valve

Cylinder valve with a lever operated bypass valve to release the gas below reserve pressure.

af: lugreserweklep

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residual gas

Gas remaining in a cylinder from the previous fill.

af: oorblywende gas

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residual nitrogen

Nitrogen in excess of normal atmospheric saturation remaining in the diver's tissues after a dive.

af: oorblywende stikstof

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residual nitrogen time, RNT

Time penalty in a repetitive dive equivalent to time at depth which would produce the residual nitrogen in the diver at the start of the dive.

af: oorblywende-stikstoftyd

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residual pressure

1. Pressure of the gas remaining in a cylinder from the previous fill.
2. Pressure of gas remaining in a partly used cylinder.

af: oorblywende druk

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respiratory quotient

The ratio of carbon dioxide produced as a metabolic product to the oxygen consumed.

af: asemhalingskwosiënt

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restriction

Section of a cave which is difficult to pass through due to lack of space. A minor restriction is too small for two divers to swim through together, a major restriction requires the diver to remove equipment to fit through.

af: vernouing

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reverse jump

Procedure to cross a gap during an exit which allows the line to be retrieved without returning to the start point. In the event of a line break or removed primary reel, one diver holds the end of the search line at the break point, and the other searches for the other part of the broken line or the exit while laying line from the reel. When the original line or exit is found, the reel handler signals to the static diver with line pulls and the static diver swims in the direction of the line while the reel handler reels it in, recovering the line.

af: terugsprong?

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reverse profile

1. Repetitive dive which is deeper than the previous dive
2. Multilevel dive in which a later level is deeper than an earlier level.

af: omkeerprofiel?

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reduced gradient bubble model, RGBM

A bubble model decompression algorithm developed by Bruce Wienke.

af: verminderde-hellingborrelmodel? verminderde-gradiëntborrelmodel?

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Ri

Rimbach system

System of touch contact signalling. Push forward = go, pull back = back up, squeeze = stop.

af: Rimbachstelsel

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ring bungee

Length of shock cord with metal rings and a clip used to control the position of the top end of a sidemounted cylinder. Differs from a regular bungee in having the rings. A popular configuration is a bolt snap connected to a ring by a quick link, with a length of bungee from the ring to another quick link which is used to connect the assembly to a D-ring on the back of the harness. The bolt snap is clipped to the shoulder D-ring and the cylinder neck bolt snap is clipped to the ring.

af: ringrukrek?

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rip current

A strong localised flow of water to seaward from near the shore, typically through the surf line

af: sleurstroom, skeurstroom, snystroom, muistroom, trekstroom

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riser

A conduit that provides a temporary extension of a subsea oil well to a surface drilling facility

af: stygleiding? stygpyp?

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respiratory minute volume, respiratory minute ventilation, RMV

The volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs in one minute.

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Royal Navy Physiological Laboratory, RNPL

Established in 1943 to investigate physiological problems peculiar to the navy, such as those connected with living conditions in submarines and the endurance of divers and swimmers.

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rock bottom gas management

see also scuba gas planning

Retention of a breathing gas reserve based on calculated values for the amount of gas required for a safe ascent from any point in the planned dive profile. Factors such as emergency supply of gas to a buddy, air consumption rates under stress and decompression gas requirements are considered in the calculations.

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roll-off

Closing of a cylinder valve as a result of scraping contact between the valve knob and the overhead or other surroundings. The left hand knob is more likely to roll-off, closing the backup regulator in the standard twins configuration.

af: rol-sluit?

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roughneck

Member of the drilling crew who works under the direction of the driller to make or break connections as drillpipe is tripped in or out of the hole.

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roustabout

Any unskilled manual laborer on the rigsite.

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rudder

af: roer

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rule of thirds

Cave and wreck penetration breathing gas management convention where no more than one third of the gas in a cylinder may be used on the inward part of the dive, and the other two thirds is kept for exit: One third for the planned exit, and one third in case of an emergency.

af: reël van derdes?

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run time

Time elapsed since the start of a dive.

af: looptyd? tydsverloop?

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running stop

A pause made during ascent to adjust the average ascent rate to the nominal value. For example a nominal ascent rate of 3 m per minute might use an actual ascent rate of about 5 m per minute and make a stop every 3 m until the end of the current minute, resulting in a slightly stepped profile with an overall ascent rate corresponding to the nominal rate.

af: loopstop?

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run time schedule

Decompression schedule and dive plan based on elapsed time from the start of the dive, All waypoints and events are specified in terms of elapsed time with start of descent at time zero.

af: looptydskedule?

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R-valve

also: Positive reserve valve, automatic valve, or calibrated orifice

A cylinder valve which limits the outflow by a calibrated orifice when in the "on" position.

af: R-klep?

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S

SAC rate, surface air consumption rate

A measure of air consumption in units of pressure over time, usually psi/minute, adjusted to surface pressure, used to estimate air endurance of a cylinder of specific size. Useful for those who work in imperial units. SAC has a constant value for a given diver and represents gas used on the surface at rest. Surface Gas Consumption (SGC) is an alternative term referring to alternative breathing gas mixtures. Occasionally also termed Surface Consumption Rate (SCR) - not to be confused with Semi-closed Rebreather (SCR).

af: oppervlakte-lugverbruik?

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safe second

Obsolete term for backup regulator.

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safety reel

Reel for use in an emergency, usually for searches to find lost buddy or lost guideline or to jump a line break. Relatively short line.

af: veiligheidskatrol

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safety spool

Spool for use in an emergency, usually for searches to find lost buddy or lost guideline or to jump a line break. Relatively short line.

af: veiligheidsspoel

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safety stop

A voluntary (not required by the decompression schedule) additional decompression stop intended to reduce risk of decompression sickness.

af: veiligheidsstop

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salt water aspiration syndrome

A reaction of the lungs to inhalation of a mist of salt water.

af: soutwater-inasemingsindroom

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samba

Contractions experienced by breathhold divers when approaching hypoxic blackout.

af: samba?

saturation diving

Diving procedure where the divers remain pressurised for periods of several days or weeks and decompress only at the end of the period.

af: versadigingsduik

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saturation spread

Saturation diving system.

af: versadigingssisteem?

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sea chest

An intake reservoir, open to the sea, usually protected by a removable grating, from which piping systems draw raw water.

af: seekis? seekas?

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Self Contained Breathing Apparatus SCBA

Portable breathing sets used by emergency response personnel and for others who may have to work or access unbreathable atmospheres.(not for underwater use).

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self-contained diving equipment

Diving equipment that is entirely carried by the diver, and has no dependency on the surface or another underwater entity.

af: selfstandige duiktoerusting

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self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba)

Any breathing apparatus that is carried entirely by an underwater diver and provides the diver with breathing gas at the ambient pressure.

af: selfstandige onderwaterasemhalingstoestel (skuba)

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Schräder valve

Valve using a standard automotive tyre valve insert, common in low pressure inflation hose female connectors and BC inflation valves.

af: Schräderklep

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scientific diving

Diving for purposes of scientific research. The rules and constraints of scientific diving vary in different jurisdictions, but generally allow more options than mainstream commercial diving.

af: wetenskapsduik

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scooter

Diver propulsion vehicle used by scuba divers to increase range underwater.

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scooter ring

D-ring on scuba harness used to attach to scooter tow line. Usually on front of the harness crotch strap.

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surface consumption rate, SCR

An alternative term with the same meaning as Surface Air Consumption (SAC) (q.v.). Not to be confused with Semi-closed Circuit Rebreather, which is also abbreviated as SCR.

af: oppervlakgebruikstempo?

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Semi-closed circuit rebreather, SCR

A rebreather which either dumps part of each breath to the environment or continuously adds gas and dumps the excess. Compare with closed circuit rebreather (CCR)

af: halfgeslote hersirkuleerder,? deelsgeslote hersirkuleerder?

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screw gate carabiner

A clip mechanism which can be locked in the closed position by turning a threaded barrel.

af: toeskroefkarabyn

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scrubber

af: gasreiniger, gassuiweraar, gaswasser,

carbon dioxide scrubber

Canister containing material (sorb) which chemically combines with carbon dioxide to remove it from the gas passed through the canister.

af: koolsuurgasreiniger?

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scuba, originally SCUBA

Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. May be open or closed circuit. Originally referred to the Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit, but became a generic term.

af: skuba

de: Drucklufttauchgerät (DTG), Presslufttauchgerät

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scuba diving

Underwater diving using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.

af: skubaduik, skubaduikwerk, duiklongduik

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scuba orienteering

Competitive underwater sport in which scuba divers attempt to swim a circuit marked by buoys, without surfacing, using compass navigation and mechanical distance measurement. Points are awarded for time and accuracy according to the specific course definition and length.

af: skuba-oriëntering

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scuba replacement

Surface supplied diving equipment using portable gas storage cylinders for primary and reserve breathing gas supply. Preferred to scuba for commercial diving applications due to lower perceived risk compared to scuba, and because equipment and procedures are otherwise identical to surface supplied diving using compressors for air supply. Used when logistical constraints or air quality issues preclude use of a diving air compressor.

af: skuba-vervanging

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scupper

An opening at deck level in the bulwarks, or through a deck, transom or bulkhead for purposes of draining water.

af: spuitgat, skuiwergat

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scuttle (sink)

af: kelder

scuttle (hatch)

A small opening in the deck of a ship large enough for human access with a lid to close it.

af: luik, valdeur, luikgat

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S-drill

Safety drill. A technical diving air sharing exercise based on deploying the long hose primary regulator.

af: veiligheidsdril?

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Se

search and rescue

af: soek en redding

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search and recovery

af: soek en herkryging?

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search line

Cord used to indicate the transect for a search. The diver moves along the line, searching by sight or feel on one or both sides of the line. After the transect has been searched, the line is moved to the next transect. usually a short distance offset from the previous position, at a distance which depends on the visibility and the size of the target.

af: soeklyn?

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search pattern

Systematic procedure for covering the search area sufficiently to be reasonably sure of finding a given target. Several patterns are in general use for underwater searches, depending on the target, the terrain, and available facilities.

af: soekpatroon

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secondary drowning

A complication of aspiration of water or other fluids into the lungs.

af: sekondêre verdrinking

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second stage

See demand valve Sien Aanvraagklep

The part of a diving regulator which provides pressure reduction from intermediate pressure to ambient pressure on demand. Demand valve.

af: tweede stadium

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semi-dry suit

A wet suit with wrist and ankle seals, and usually a more watertight zipper than usual, to reduce flushing of water through the suit.

af: halfdroëduikpak

de: Halbtrockenanzug

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separator, condensate separator

Device which facilitates the separation of liquid particles from the compressed gas, usually with a drain to periodically remove accumulated liquid from the system. Used on both high and low pressure breathing air compressors.

af: kondensaatskeier? kondensaatafskeier?

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serial tissue compartments, serial compartments

A decompression model based on the assumption that diffusion is the limiting mechanism of dissolved gas transport in the tissues, in which there is perfusion transport for one compartment, and diffusion between a series of compartments.

af: reeksgewyse weefselkompartemente? reeksgewyse kompartemente,

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serial number

1. Alphanumeric string stamped on the cylinder by the manufacturer in the shoulder area which identifies the cylinder. In combination with the manufacturer’s identification this will be unique to the cylinder.
2. Character string, including number, marked on an item of equipment by the manufacturer to uniquely identify it.

af: reeksnommer, serienommer

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set point

Limit point setting for acceptable oxygen partial pressure range in the loop of a closed circuit rebreather. There may be several, including upper and lower set points and set points based on depth ranges.

af: setpunt?, versetpunt? stelpunt?

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Surface Gas Consumption, SGC

See surface air consumption.

af: oppervlakgasverbruik?

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shallow water blackout

1. Loss of consciousness during a dive associated with occurrence at a shallow depth. Used for several different mechanisms, depending on context, therefore often leading to confusion.
2. Loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold dive in water typically shallower than five metres (16 feet), when the swimmer does not necessarily experience an urgent need to breathe and has no other obvious medical condition that might have caused it.
3. Loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia at the end of a deep breath-hold dive during the latter part of the ascent or immediately after surfacing due to lowered pO₂ caused by reduction in ambient pressure, see also latent hypoxia.
4. Loss of consciousness while ascending on a rebreather due to sudden drop of pO₂ in the breathing loop, usually associated with manual CCR and SCR.

af: vlakwater-bewussynsverlies

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shark pod, shark shield

Electrical device carried by a diver intended to repel sharks by electrical field pulses.

haaiverdrywer?

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sheet bend

A knot suitable for joining two rope ends together. When doubled, it is effective in connecting lines of different diameter or stiffness securely together, although it has a tendency to work loose when not under load or under intermittent load.

af: skootsteek

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shock cord, bungee cord

Elastic cord composed of one or more elastic strands forming a core, covered by a braided sheath of strong but less elastic material which limits the extension of the core strands.

af: rukrek

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shore dive, beach dive, walk in dive

Diving from a shore entry.

af: strandduik, walduik? oewerduik?

de: Tauchgang vom Strand aus (m), Tauchgang vom Ufer aus (m), Landtauchgang (m)

es: inmersión desde tierra (f), inmersión desde la orilla (f)

fr: plongée du rivage (f), plongée à partir du rivage (f), plongée du platier (f)

it: immersione da terra (f)

nl: kantduik (m)

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shot line, diving shot

A rope between a float at the surface, and a sufficiently heavy weight holding the rope approximately vertical. Also the whole assembly as described.

af: duikkoeël?

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Si

sidemount

A scuba diving equipment configuration which has diving cylinders mounted along the sides of the diver, below the shoulders and along the hips, instead of on the back of the diver.

af: symontering?

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sidemount staging

The practice of using sidemount configuration (bungee loops and/or buttplate rails) as a means for stowing stage/deco cylinders when otherwise diving in back-mounted scuba.

af: symonteerde dekompressiesilinders?

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silent entry

An entry technique which minimises noise and splash, suitable for entry from a low platform. The diver sits with feet dangling over or into the water, turns the torso sideways, and takes his weight on his hands, then swings his butt off the surface and drops feet first into the water, slowed by the arms, and lets go with the hands when in the water.

af: sagte inplons? sagte/stille ingang?

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silica gel

A desiccant filter medium used to adsorb water.

af: silikajel, kieseljel

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silicone grease

Waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener such as amorphous fumed silica that is waterproof and a good insulator and corrosion inhbitor.

af: silikoonghries

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silicone oil

A liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains having relatively high thermal stability and good lubricating properties.

af: silikoonolie

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silt-out

A situation when underwater visibility is rapidly reduced to zero, usually when a diver disturbs silt deposits.

af: slik-verdonkering?

de:

silt screw

Device which is inserted into silt or sand to provide an anchor point, such as for a tie-off on a cave line. Silt screws are generally stakes made from small bore plastic (PVC) pipe with a sharpened end.

af: slikpen

single point mooring, single buoy mooring

A loading buoy anchored offshore, that serves as a mooring point and interconnect for tankers loading or offloading gas or liquid products. SPMs are the link between geostatic subsea manifold connections and weathervaning tankers. They are capable of handling any size ship, even very large crude carriers (VLCC) where no alternative facility is available.

af: Enkelpuntmeerboei?

de:

sinkhole

A natural depression or hole in the Earth's surface caused by karst processes — the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks - or suffosion processes for example in sandstone.

af: sinkgat

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sintered

Particulate or granular material bonded together by the application of pressure and sufficient heat to partially melt the surface of the particles and weld them together. The product is usually porous.

af: gesinter

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siphon, swallow-hole

Place where water from a stream flows into the ground.

af: sinkgat

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skandalopetra

A flat stone, usually of marble or granite, weighing between 8 and 14 kg, with rounded corners and edges, and tied to a rope, historically used by Greek sponge free-divers to assist descent. when the diver wishes to ascend the rope is used to signal the tender on the boat who then pulls in the rope. Currently a competitive sport.

af: skandalopetra, klipgewig?

skin, skins, or dive skins

A lycra suit worn by a diver in warm water as protection against stings, abrasion and sunburn, or under a wet suit.

af: duikvel? lycrapak

de:

skip breathing

Breathing pattern where the diver holds each breath a while to conserve breathing gas. Can cause CO₂ buildup which can lead to headaches, and reduces physiological reserves in case of an emergency.

af: asemhalingsbesuiniging?

S-lay

Method of laying undersea pipelines by welding the sections together on the lay barge and deploying them from the stern horizontally guided by a "stinger" - a structure that supports the pipe string to control its bend radius.

af:

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slate

Rigid plastic tablet used for writing messages or notes.

af: skryfplaat?

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sling cylinder

Independent diving cylinders with their own regulators carried clipped to the harness at the side of the diver.

af:

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slingshot valve, Y-valve

A cylinder valve with two independent valved outlets angled to left and right of the centreline.

af: rekstokklep? Y-klep?

de:

slob knob

Flexible extension used for operating valve knobs on a manifold.

af:

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snatch block

A block which is open or can be opened to engage with a bight, without the necessity to thread the rope through the block.

af: greepkatrol

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spar buoy

A tall, thin buoy that floats upright in the water and is characterized by a small water plane area and usually a relatively large mass. They tend to be stable ocean platforms, minimally affected by wave action, and are popular for making oceanographic measurements. A DSMB is effectively an inflatable spar buoy with a low mass.

af: sparboei

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snag line

Line used for underwater search intended to snag on the target. May be dragged by boats or by divers. May be weighted if dragged over a smooth bottom.

af: haaklyn?

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snap shackle

A clip connector mechanism which locks when closed, can be operated without tools, and can usually be released under load.

af: knypskakel?

de:

snoopy loop, ranger band

A heavy duty elastic band made from a slice of inner tube.

af: binnebandrekkie?

de:

snorkel

Tube with a bend and mouthpiece used for breathing air from above the water surface when the wearer's mouth and nose are submerged.

af: snorkel

de:

snorkeling, snorkelling

Swimming at the surface of the water while breathing through a snorkel. the snorkeller is almost always equipped with a diving mask or swim goggles, and usually swimfins.

af: snorkel

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snorkel keeper

Device to hold a snorkel in place at the side of a diving mask by fixing it to the mask strap.

af: snorkelhouer

de:

Snuba

Snuba is a portmanteau of "snorkel" and "scuba" referring to a proprietary recreational surface supplied underwater breathing system supplied from a cylinder mounted on a small raft towed by the diver. see also Hookah.

af: Snuba

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So

solo diving

The practice of scuba diving alone, without a "dive buddy or in-water standby diver.

af: soloduik, alleenduik

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solubility

af: oplosbaarheid

de: Löslichkeitsverhalten

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sonic orifice

Metering device to provide constant mass flow of a gas by choked flow through an orifice.

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sorb, sodasorb, sodalime and sofnolime

Carbon dioxide absorbent material used in rebreather or life support system scrubber to remove carbon dioxide from the breathing gas so it may be recycled.

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Southern African Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Association (​SAUHMA)

A voluntary association recognised as a special interest group by the Council of the South African Medical Association. The association promotes the practice and facilitates the study of underwater and hyperbaric medicine, registers diving medical practitioners to practice in South Africa and manages a database of commercial diver medical fitness to dive records.

af:

Southern Underwater Research Group (SURG)

An organisation based in Cape Town, which publishes marine ecology field guides, dive travel guides and underwater maps, facilitates citizen science projects, provides guidance and teaching materials for diver education and develops cost-effective diving equipment.

af:

spearfishing

af: visskiet

de:

speargun

Hunting weapon for shooting fish underwater which propels a barbed steel spear a short distance forward using stored energy from stretched rubber strips or compressed air behind a captive piston.

af: spiesgeweer?

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spearo

Slang term for breathhold spearfisher.

af: spearo

speleogen

Dissolution features in bedrock.

af:

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speleothem

A cave formation: A secondary mineral deposit formed in a cave.

af: grotformasie

Self-propelled hyperbaric lifeboat, (SPHL)

A lifeboat which can transport saturation divers under pressure from a saturation habitat in severe and immediate danger.

af: self-aangedrewe hiperbariese reddingsboot

spider

Mask strap system for full-face masks with three or more straps. (commonly 5)

af:

spitcock

valve on the side of a copper helmet through which the diver can suck water to spit on the viewport to wash off condensation fogging.

af:

single point mooring (SPM), single buoy mooring (SBM)

A loading buoy anchored offshore, that serves as a mooring point and interconnect to a pipeline or well for all sizes of tankers loading or offloading gas or liquid products.

af: enkelpunt vasmeerboei?

spool

1. Circular device for storing, deploying and recovering line, comprising a short tubular section with a large flange at each end. No moving parts, small, compact, economical and reliable alternative to a reel for relatively short lines.
2. Short, straight section of pipe or tube with a flange at each end.

af: spoel

de: Spule

spreader, spreader bar

A beam used to distribute the load of a lift across more than one point, increasing stability and decreasing the loads applied during hoisting.

af: verspreider? lasverspreider?

de:

spring

Place where a concentrated flow of water emerges from the ground.

af: fontein, bron, oog

de:

spring strap

Fin strap using a stainless steel spring to secure the fin to the foot.

af: veerband?

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spring suit

A wetsuit that covers the torso and has short sleeves and long or short legs.

af: lentepak? (dubious)

spud can

The foot on a leg of a jack-up type oil platform designed to spread the load so that the rig does not sink too deeply into the sea-bed.

af: blikstewel?

South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS)

Society to facilitate the study of and to provide information on underwater and hyperbaric medicine, and to publish a journal on these matters, based in Australia.

af:

square profile

Dive profile where the diver descends continuously to the maximum depth and stays there for the duration of the dive before ascending directly at a steady rate to the surface or first decompression stop. This profile provides worst case exposure for gas absorption by the body tissues for a given depth and time, and is assumed for decompression planning using decompression tables.

af: vierkantsprofiel? konstante diepte profiel?

de:

squeeze

see barotrauma

Injury or discomfort caused by increase or decrease in volume of gas space in the diver's body or equipment due to a change in ambient pressure.

af: drukbesering? persing, druktrauma, barotrauma

de:

stage

see diving stage

af: duikmandjie?

stage cylinder

1. A cylinder used for a stage of a long penetration dive, also known as drop cylinder, which is placed on the distance line to be collected on the return.
2. Also generically used to refer to decompression gas cylinders carried as sling cylinders

af: stadiumsilinder? bêresilinder? slingersilinder?

de:

staged decompression

The practice of making decompression stops.

af: stapsgewyse dekompressie?

stage-only diving

The use of standard decompression stage cylinder configuration, without back-mounted cylinders, on an otherwise standard, or partially modified technical/recreational BCD. The cylinders are attached to waist and shoulder D-Rings by direct bolt-snap, and no bungee cord is used in the upper attachment. May be confused with sidemount diving, but differs in the way the top of the cylinders are secured to the diver.

af:

standard diving dress, also copper helmet or heavy gear

Early free flow surface supplied diving equipment using a heavy canvas suit, copper helmet and corselet, and weighted boots.

af: standaardduikpak? koperhelmtoerusting? swaarduiktoerusting?

de: Helmtaucherausrüstung, Schweres Helmtauchgerät

standard operating procedure

Procedure compiled by an organisation prescribing the processes to be followed when performing specified tasks.

af: standaardopereerprosedure

de:

stand-by diver

Diver functioning as a safety backup to the working diver. Often on the surface at the dive control point, but ready to enter the water at very short notice on the instruction of the supervisor.

af: bystaanduiker? hulpduiker?

static apnea, static apnoea

Underwater breath-holding without changing location.

af

steamer

A full one piece wetsuit that covers the torso and the full length of the arms and legs.

af:

stempost

A near vertical structural component, at the front of the keel, that forms the forward part of the bow.

af: boeg

stern

The rear part or after end of a vessel.

af: agterstewe agterskip

sternpost

A near vertical component, at the rear of the keel, that is a major structural part of the stern.

af: agterstewe

stern thruster

A transverse thrust propulsion device built into, or mounted to the stern of a ship or boat, to make it more maneuverable.

af:

stinger

An overboard extension at the stern of an offshore pipe lay barge used to provide additional support at the over bend of an S-lay during offshore construction.

af: angel?

storage depth

af: stoordiepte,? stoordruk? bergdiepte

living depth

Depth pressure in a saturation system at which divers live between compression, lockouts and decompression}}

af: verblyfsdiepte?

stride entry, giant stride entry

Entry technique from a platform a small to moderate distance above the water surface, which is suitable to stand on before entry. The diver faces the water and steps out with the leading foot, pushing away from the platform with the back foot, and drops into the water while maintaining a vertical posture until fully submerged. The feet can be brought together after initial impact to limit depth of immersion in moderately shallow water, by applying fin thrust downwards.

af:

stroke

Derogatory term used by Doing It Right (DIR) zealots to describe divers who do not follow DIR procedures and use DIR approved equipment and configurations.

af:

Su

subcutaneous emphysema

Gas under the skin resulting from lung overpressure injury.

af: onderhuidse emfiseem

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submersible pressure gauge, SPG

Waterproof pressure gauge for diving cylinder, attached to the first stage regulator by a high pressure hose. Usually calibrated in bar, or for the USA, in psi. Also known as a contents gauge.

af: dompelbaredrukmeter? dompeldrukmeter?

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suicide clip

Derogatory term for clip mechanisms which are capable of clipping onto a line or other object without the active and intentional intervention of a user.

af: selfmoordknip

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suit blowup

Excessive inflation of a dry suit leading to uncontrolled ascent.

af: duikpakopblaas?

sump

A passage in a cave that is submerged under water.

af: sinkpunt

sump pack, dry bag

Tough waterproof bag with watertight seal used to carry dry equipment in caves, including through water filled passages.

af: droësak?

superoxide scrubber

Rebreather scrubber which not only removes carbon dioxide from the exhaled air, but also replenishes the oxygen by chemical reaction.

af: superoksied gasreiniger?

supersaturation

A temporary and thermodynamically unstable condition of a solvent containing more dissolved gas than it can hold in solution over the long term for the prevailing conditions.

af: oorversadiging

supersaturation limit

The theoretical pressure ratio between tissue gas concentration and ambient pressure above which the probability of bubble formation is unacceptably high.

af: oorversadigingsgrens

Supervised Diver

EN 14153-1 / ISO 24801-1 standard competence for recreational scuba diver. The level 1 "Supervised Diver" has sufficient knowledge, skill and experience to dive, in open water, to a recommended maximum depth of 12 m, which do not require in-water decompression stops, under the direct supervision of a dive leader, in groups of up to four level 1 scuba divers per dive leader provided the dive leader is capable of establishing physical contact with all level 1 scuba divers at any point during the dive, only when appropriate support is available at the surface, and under conditions that are equal or better than the conditions where they were trained.

af: gekontroleerde duiker? afhanklike duiker?

supply lock

Small lock on a saturation life support habitat for transfer of relatively small items.

af: voorraadlugsluiting

SurD

See surface decompression

af: oppervlaksdekompressie?

surf

The mass or line of broken water formed by waves breaking on a shore or reef.

af: branding

surface

af: oppervlakte

de: Oberfläche

surface decompression

A procedure in which some or all of the staged decompression obligation is done in a decompression chamber immediately after surfacing instead of in the water.

af: oppervlaksdekompressie?

surface detection aids

Equipment, such as flags, surface marker buoys, flares, EPIRBs, mirrors, and whistles, carried by divers to maintain contact with dive boats or attract rescue when lost at sea.

af: oppervlakspoormiddels

surface equivalent volume

Gas volume adjusted to surface pressure. See also free gas volume

af:

surface interval

The time spent by a diver at surface pressure after a dive during which inert gas which was still present at the end of the dive is further eliminated from the tissues.

af: oppervlaksinterval? tussenduikpouse?

surface marker buoy, SMB

A buoy towed by a diver to indicate location to people at the surface.

af: oppervlakmerkerboei

surface supplied diving

af:

de: oberflächenversorgtes Tauchen, Nabelschnurtauchen (umbilical diving), Luftschlauchtauchen (airline diving)

surface-supply diving equipment, surface-supplied diving equipment (SSDE)

Diving equipment where the breathing gas is supplied from the surface, either from a specialized diving compressor, high-pressure cylinders, or both. A backup source of breathing gas should be present in case the primary supply fails. The diver may also wear an emergency gas supply scuba cylinder which can provide self-contained breathing gas in an emergency. Surface-supplied diving equipment usually includes communication capability with the surface, which improves the safety and efficiency of the working diver.

af: oppervlaksverskafde duikteorusting, oppervlaksvoorsiende duiktoerusting

surge

Reciprocating water movement parallel to the bottom surface caused by the passing of a wave overhead.

af: stuwing

sustained load cracking

The development of cracks in a material subjected over long term to static stress significantly less than the yield stress. There is a low but significant risk of this mode of failure in pressure vessels of AA6351 aluminium alloy.

swell

A series of wind generated surface waves that is not significantly affected by the local wind.

af: deining

swimfins

de: Schwimmflossen, Taucherflossen

ro: labe de înot

swim line

Line used to evenly space divers across the search area for a swim line search. Each diver holds the line at a distance from the previous diver of somewhat less than twice the visibility distance. The line is used to keep the divers spaced evenly across the search area while swimming perpendicular to the line.

af: swemlyn? swemtou?

T

taravana

A form of decompression sickness found among Polynesian island natives who habitually do multiple repetitive deep breath-hold dives.

af: taravana

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task loading

A multiplicity of responsibilities leading to an increased risk of failure on the part of the diver to undertake some key basic function which would normally be routine for safety

af: taakbelasting? taakbelading?

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taut wire system

A constant tension wire from a vessel to a fixed point, usually a weight on the seabed, used as a reference to detect movement of a dynamically positioned vessel from the reference point.

af: gespannedraadsisteem? stywedraadsisteem?

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technical diving

An extension of the scope of recreational scuba diving to applications with greater technical complexity and higher inherent risk. Definitions vary, but diving with multiple breathing gases, helium based gases, closed circuit rebreathers, or under extensive overheads are generally considered as technical diving. There is no sharp distinction from other forms of recreational diving.

af: tegniese duik

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tech ring

D-ring welded to a belt slide so that it can not fold down against the webbing. Intended to make it easier to fit and remove snaps.

af: starre D-ring?

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tension leg rig

A vertically moored floating structure normally used for the offshore production of oil or gas, particularly suited for water depths between 300 and 1500 meters. The platform is permanently moored by means of tethers at each of the structure's corners and virtually all vertical motion of the platform is eliminated.

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test pressure

Pressure at which the cylinder will be hydrostatically tested for revalidation. Usually 1.5 or 1.67 x working pressure.

af: toetsdruk, proefdruk

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tethered ascent

Ascent controlled by a line from the diver to a fixed point at the bottom. This may be used to control depth and rate of ascent when the diver has inadvertently lost complete control of buoyancy due to loss of ballast weight, so cannot attain neutral buoyancy at some point during the ascent, and needs to do decompression. CMAS require this skill for their Self-Rescue Diver certification.

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tethered diving

Diving with a lifeline between the diver and a surface tender.

af: noodlynduik?

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Thalmann algorithm

The exponential/linear decompression algorithm used in the 2008 US Navy decompression tables.

af: Thalmann se algoritme

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therapeutic recompression

A procedure for treating decompression sickness by recompressing the diver, thus reducing bubble size, and allowing the gas bubbles to re-dissolve, then decompressing slowly enough to avoid further formation or growth of bubbles, or eliminating the inert gases by breathing oxygen under pressure

af: terapeutiese herkompressie

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thermocline

A thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid, in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below

af: termoklien

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thermodynamic decompression model

Hypothesis that bubble formation during decompression will not occur provided absolute ambient pressure exceeds the total of the partial gas tensions in the tissue for each gas.

af: termodinamiese-dekompressiemodel

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three part shackle, bolt and nut shackle, bolt shackle

A shackle which uses a bolt as the pin, secured with a nut. The nut may be locked with a split pin for greater security. The bolt may rotate in the shackle under load without great risk of unscrewing the pin

af: driedeelskakel, boutskakel

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through-water communications

Wireless voice communications transmitted through the water

af: deur-water kommunikasie

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thumb the dive

Terminate the dive by signalling exit to surface at a time or place other than the planned turning point.

af: die duim gee

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thunderflash

Friction initiated noisy but relatively harmless pyrotechnic device designed for military exercises, with civilian use for diver recall.

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Ti

time to fly

The surface interval necessary after diving to reduce tissue gas concentrations to a level where the risk of decompression sickness due to the pressure reduction experienced in normal commercial airliners is acceptable

af: wagtyd voor vlieg?

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tinnitus

The perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding external sound.

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tissue compartments

Imaginary tissues which are designated as fast and slow to describe the rate of saturation.

af: weefselkompartemente?

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tissue half times

The time it takes for the tissue to take up or release 50% of the difference in dissolved gas capacity at a changed partial pressure.

af: weefselhalftye?

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Total Nitrogen Time (TNT)

Equivalent time of hyperbaric exposure for a repetitive dive used with some decompression tables.

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top up

To reconnect a partially filled cylinder and add gas until the pressure is within tolerance of the required charging pressure when corrected for temperature.

af: aanvul, aanvulling

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touch contact signals

see Rimbach system

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Toynbee manouevre

Method of equalising the middle ears by pinching the nose and swallowing.

af: Toynbee se maneuver

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trait anxiety

A tendency to respond with anxiety in the anticipation of threatening situations.

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transect

A path along which one counts and records occurrences of the phenomena of study.

af:

transfill

Fill cylinder with gas by transfer from a cylinder with higher pressure.

af: oordragvulling

transfill whip

High pressure hose and end fittings used to decant between cylinders. Usually includes purge valve and may include pressure gauge.

af: oordragsweep? oordragslang?

trauma shears

also bandage scissors or paramedic shears

Blunt tipped slightly serrated shears with angled blades sometimes used by divers as a safety cutting implement in place of a knife or line cutter.

af: verbandskêr

travel gas

Gas mixture used for descent and ascent when the bottom gas is not suitable for breathing at shallower depths.

af: reisgas

traverse

Pass through a cave by entering at one point and exiting at another.

af: dwarsroete?

tremie

A pipe, through which concrete is placed below water level. The top of the tremie is above water and open, and the bottom end is kept below the surface of the poured concrete.

af: tremie

triangular profile

A triangular dive profile is one in which, after a descent at constant rate, and a short bottom time at maximum depth, the diver maintains a constant, slow ascent to the surface or first decompression stop. A plot of depth against elapsed time takes a triangular shape.

af: driehoekigeprofiel

trial diving

Introductory diving, also known as introductory scuba experience, trial diving and resort diving is a non-certification recreational scuba diving experience under the guidance of an instructor

af:

de: Schnuppertauchen

es: bautizo de mar, bautismo de buceo.

fr: baptême de plongée

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trilam, trilaminate

Material used for dry suit shells made of a layer of waterproof rubber laminated between two layers of woven textile.

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trimix

Mixture of three gases for breathing. Oxygen, nitrogen and helium are the gases used. The gas fractions will usually be specified.

af: trimix

trim weight

Ballast weight placed to improve a diver's trim.

af: trim-gewig, balansgewig

tube

A seamless transportable compressed gas container, with a water capacity exceeding 150 litres (5.3 cu ft) but not more than 3,000 litres (110 cu ft); Often mounted horizontally in manifolded groups on a trailer or intermodal container frame.

af: buis

transfer under pressure (TUP)

Transfer of personnel between hyperbaric environments, usually between a closed bell and a saturation system, or between a portable recompression chamber and a multi-occupant chamber.

af: oordrag onder druk

turbidity

The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that may be invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air

af: troebelheid

turn the dive

Start the return on a dive which has reached the planned turning point in terms of depth, time, gas supply or distance.

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twilight zone

Deeper than 60m in the sea, or the part of a cave or cavern that has dim but discernible ambient light.

af:

type 1 wet bell

Wet diving bell with no direct supply of gas and services to the bell. Diver umbilicals lead directly to the surface control point.

af:

type 2 wet bell

Wet diving bell with umbilical supply of gas and other services to the bell, from which they are distributed to the divers umbilicals from a control panel in the bell.

af:

U

UDT vest

Underwater Demolition Team vest. An inflatable surface life-jacket worn by underwater demolition teams. Similar in style and a precursor to the horse-collar style buoyancy compensator.

af: UDT-baadjie

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umbilical, umbilical cable, divers umbilical

Life support connection to a surface supplied diver or diving bell. Comprises gas supply hoses, a strength member and communications cable, and may also include gas reclaim hose, hot water hose and hoses for hydraulic or pneumatic power, and electrical and optical cables for ancillary equipment. Also refers to the power, control and instrument cable for a ROV.

af: duiktoevoerslang

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ro: Ombilical

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS)

An organization based in the US which supports research and provides a certificate of added qualification in diving and hyperbaric medicine and physiology. They support an extensive library and are a primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide.

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undertow

A subsurface flow of water returning seaward from shore as result of wave action

af: onderstroming? terugtrekkende onderstroom

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underwater blackout syndrome

af: onderwaterbewussynsverliessindroom

Underwater Breathing Apparatus (UBA)

Equipment used to supply breathing gas to an underwater diver. Usually refers to the part of the system carried underwater by the diver.

af: onderwaterasemhalingsapparaat

underwater habitat

de: Unterwasserstation, Unterwasserlabor (UWL), Unterwasserhabitat

underwater hockey (UK - Octopush)

A globally played limited-contact sport in which two teams compete to move a puck across the bottom of a swimming pool into the opposing team's goal by propelling it with an underwater hockey stick.

af: onderwaterhokkie

de: Unterwasserhockey, Octopush

es: hockey subacuático

fr: hockey subaquatique, hockey sous-marin, octopush

ms: hoki air, octopush

pt: Hóquei subaquático

ru: подводный хоккей (podvodnyy khokkey)

zh: 水底曲棍球 (shuǐdǐ qūgùnqiú)

under way

Moving through the water; not anchored, moored, aground, or beached.

af: varend, onderweg

upline, Jersey upline

A fairly substantial natural fibre rope which is deployed from the bottom using a small lift bag to provide the equivalent of a shotline. The lower end is tied off to the bottom, usually on a wreck, and the diver ascends on the line to avoid being swept away from the site by currents. After reaching the surface, the last diver cuts the line and it sinks back down, Natural fibre is used so the line rots away over a few years.

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upstream

Against the flow.

af: stroomop, teen die stroom op

upstream valve

Valve, (usually regulator first stage or demand valve), where the valve mechanism moves against the flow when opening, and the pressure difference over the valve tends to close it.

af: stroomopklep

upwelling

An oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of surface water away from a coast, causing denser, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water to rise towards the surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.

af: opwelling, opstuwing

V

Valsalva maneuver

Technique for equalising the middle ear by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed mouth and blocked nose.

af: Valsalva se maneuver, Valsalva-maneuver

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valve cage, rams head, cobra guard

Structure or frame attached to the top of scuba cylinders to protect valves, manifold, and regulator first stages from impact with the surroundings and roll-off.

af: klephok

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valve drill

Safety exercise in which the diver shuts down, tests regulators and re-opens the manifold valves on a twin set in a specific order.

af: klepdril

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valve guard

Protective structure or frame fitted to the neck of a bulk storage cylinder to protect the cylinder valve from mechanical damage.

af: klepbeskermer

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Van der Waals equation

Thermodynamic equation of state for a real (non-ideal) gas.

af: Van der Waalsvergelyking

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varying permeability model (VPM)

A decompression model and associated algorithms based on bubble dynamics.

af: veranderende deurlaatbaarheidsmodel

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variable permeability model (VPM)

A decompression model and associated algorithms based on bubble dynamics.

af: veranderbare deurlaatbaarheidsmodel.

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vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, particularly the large arteries and small arterioles.

af: aarvernouing, vasokonstriksie

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vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles.

af: vaatverwyding, vaatuitsetting, aarverwyding, aaruitsetting, vasodilatasie

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vertical entry, vertical drop entry

An entry technique for relatively high drops, up to and sometimes exceeding 3 m. The feet are overlapped and the legs kept straight. The body and head are kept vertical and the mask and DV held against the face with one or both hands, elbows tucked in. The intention is to hit the water vertically, with the least likelihood of knocking off or damaging vital equipment.

af: vertikale toegang/ingang, vertikalevaltoegang

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vertigo

A type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary.

af: duiseligheid vertigo

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viewport

1. Glass or plastic window on a diving helmet or full face mask.
2. Window on a hyperbaric chamber.

af: uitkykpoort?

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visual gap

Gap between guidelines which is small enough that each line can be seen from the other.

af: sigbare gaping

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visual inspection

Internal and external inspection of a pressure vessel as part of revalidation procedure.

af: siginspeksie

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Visual Inspection Programme, (VIP)

Annual visual internal inspection of a scuba cylinder.

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visual jump

The procedure of crossing a visual gap (q.v.) without the use of a jump line.

af: visuele sprong? sigsprong?

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Visual Plus

Eddy current test (q.v.) of parallel neck threads of aluminium cylinders.

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Viton

Synthetic elastomer suitable for oxygen service O-rings.

af: Viton

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VVAL18

The exponential/linear decompression algorithm used in the 2008 US Navy decompression tables.

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W

wall diving

Diving along the face of a near vertical cliff wall, particularly if the bottom is below the range of the diver's equipment and certification. This requires good buoyancy control.

af: muurduik? kransduik?

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water capacity

The internal volume of a cylinder. The amount of water it would hold at ambient pressure at 20 °C (68 °F)

af: waterkapasiteit

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water trap, water separator

Mechanism to trap and drain off liquid water carried by the compressed gas

af: waterafskeier

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water resistance

af: waterdigtheid

de: Wasserdichtigkeit

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waverider buoy

Used to measure the movement of the water surface as a wave train. The wave train is analysed to determine statistics like the significant wave height and period, and wave direction.

af: golfboei

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weather buoy

Floating instrument plaforms which collect weather and ocean data from the surface of the world's oceans,

af: weerboei

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webbing

A strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube of varying width and fibres, often used in place of rope. It is used in diving as a component of diving harness, weight belts and rigging slings.

af: touweefsel

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weight belt

Waist belt fitted with weights used at ballast while diving.

af: duikgordel? gewigsgordel?

de: Bleigurt

it: cintura di zavorra (da subacqueo)

ne: loodgordel

pt: cinto de lastro

ro: centură de lestare

ru: грузовой пояс (gruzovoy poyas)

sv: viktbälte

weighted boots

de: Bleischuhen (lead shoes)

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weighting system

Weights, generally made of lead, to counteract the buoyancy of other diving equipment, and the belts, pockets or harnesses used to support them.

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welding shield

Cover for the viewport area of a helmet or mask to filter excessive light and UV when welding or oxy-arc cutting.

af: sweisskerm

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wellhead

The assembly at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.

af: boorgatkop

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wet bell

An air-filled chamber, open at the bottom, with a standing platform that is lowered underwater by a cable to operate as a means of transport and base for a small number of divers.

af: natklok? oopklok?

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wet filling

Filling scuba cylinders using a water bath for cooling the cylinders.

af: natvulling

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wet pot

Partially water filled hyperbaric chamber.

af: nat kamer? nat duikkamer?

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wet notes

A small notebook of waterproof paper carried by some divers.

af: onderwaternotas?

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wetsuit

A close fitting, thermally-insulating, foam neoprene diving suit that limits volume and movement of water inside the suit. Thermal protection is by the insulation of the neoprene, and reduces with depth as the suit compresses. Water flushing through the suit causes heat accelerated loss. Various styles and thicknesses are available.

af: duikpak (mees algemene gebruik)

ar: بذلة غطس

ca: vestit aquàtic

ce: neoprenová kombinéza

da: våddragt, dragt lavet

de: Tauchanzug, Nassanzug

es: traje acuático, traje de agua

fr: Combinaison humide

hi: जलपोशाक

it: muta umida

ne: wetsuit

ja: ウェットスーツ

no: våtdrakt

pl: pianka

po: roupa de mergulho

ro: costum de scafandru cu cască

fi: märkäpuku

sv: våtdräkt

tl: damit pambasa

tr: dalgıç elbisesi

uk: гідрокостюми (gidrocostyum)

zh: 潜水服（英语：Wetsuit）

whip

Flexible high pressure gas hose with connector at the free end, used for temporary connections. e.g. Filling whip, for filling cylinders, Oxygen whip for oxygen transfer, Blending whip, for decanting gases when blending gas, etc.

af: sweep? sweepslang?

Blending whip - Mengsweep

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whip check

A cable or webbing strap connecting a hose end to the attachment point in addition to the hose end fitting, which restrains the movement of the hose if the connection is broken under pressure. Whip checks connecting two hose ends may also be attached to an anchor point to limit motion further if this is practicable.

af: sweepstop?

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whip sock, containment grip

Whip check device which contains a short section of the whip within a braided tube which reduces wear and point loading on the hose, and constrains motion of the hose end more than a standard whip check in case of disconnection under pressure

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winch, windlass

A mechanical device that is used to wind in or wind out a rope or cable.

af: wenas, windas

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winch drum

The part of a winch around which the rope is wound.

af: wentol

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wing

Back inflation buoyancy compensator cell.

af: ?

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working pressure

Maximum filling pressure permitted for the cylinder at the standard temperature. (also Charging pressure)

af: werksdruk

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work of breathing (WOB)

The effort expended in inhaling and exhaling the breathing gas.

af: asemhalingswerk?

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World Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC)

Organisation founded in 1999 to create minimum recreational diver training standards for the affiliated scuba diving certification agencies across the world. The WRSTC restricts its membership to Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTCs). These councils consist of individual training organizations who collectively represent at least 50% of the annual diver certifications in the member council's country or region.

wreck diving

Recreational or technical diving on and inside of shipwrecks. Professional diving on wrecks is generally for archaeology or salvage.

af: wrakduik

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wrist slate

A small plastic writing surface attached to the diver's wrist

af: polsplaatjie

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Y

yoke adaptor

A fitting used to connect a regulator or filling whip with a DIN thread connection to an international connection cylinder valve.

af: jukpasstuk

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yoke fitting

af: jukpassing

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yoke valve

A fitting or valve used to connect a regulator or filling whip to a diving cylinder using the "international" connection.

af: jukklep

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Y-valve

Cylinder valve body with two outlets and two valve mechanisms which can be independently controlled so that two regulator first stages can be fitted. Similar to H-valve but in Y-configuration. Also known as a Slingshot valve.

af: Y-klep, mikklep?

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Z

zip tie, cable tie, tie wrap

Self-locking plastic strip used to connect objects together.

af: kabelknoper? kabelstrik?

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Z-knife

Line cutting tool with a replaceable blade in a slot.

af: Z-mes

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References

en:Glossary of underwater diving terminology