User:Pclarner/Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel

Project Proposal for Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel

Proposed by: Angi Guo, Junwon Park, Meg Lewis, and Peter Clarner.

Main Areas of Focus

Discovery

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels were first discovered in the plasma membrane of rod photoreceptors, in which they were responsible for the primary electrical signals in response to light.

General Function

respond to cGMP and cAMP
neuronal pathway finding
plasticity

Physiological Significance

In Photoreceptors
In Olfactory neurons
In the Brain
In Spermatozoa
In Kidney
In Gonads
Other Nonneuronal cells

Structure

As a member of the family of voltage-dependent potassium ion channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels are made up of 4 subunits situated around a central pore. Each subunit includes six transmembrane segments (S1-S6), a reentrant P-loop, and intracellular amino- and carboxy-terminal regions.

Gating Of CNG Channels

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels play crucial roles in olfactory transduction and phototransduction. In visual sensory cells, CNGs are gated by second messengers, cGMP, and in olfactory sensory cells, CNGs are gated by cAMP and process visual and olfactory stimuli by converting receiving information into electrical signals.

In Cyclic Nucleotide Binding Domain
In C-Linker
In S6 Region
In P Region

Family Of CNG Channels

In vertebrates, six members of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene family were identified. These genes are grouped based on sequence similarity into two subtypes, CNGA and CNGB.

Selectivity and Sensitivity of Ligands

cNMP-Binding Site
C-Linker Region
NH2-Terminal Region
Pore

Significance in Plants

Role in plant immunity

References

Kaupp, Benjamin; and Seifert, Reinhard (2002). "Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels". Physiological Reviews (vol. 82 no. 3): 769-824.
Matulef, Kimberly; and Zagotta, William N. (2003). "Cyclic Nucleotide-Gates Ion Channels". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (Vol 19):23-44.
Shuart, Noah G.; Haitin, Yoni; Camp, Stacey S., Black, Kevin D.; and Zagotta, William N. (2011). "Molecular mechanism for 3:1 subunit stiochiometry of rod cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels". Nature Communications (2: Article 457).
Pifferi, Simone; Boccaccio, Anna; and Menini, Anna (2006). "Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels in sensory transduction". FEBS Letters (580): 2853-2859.
Kaplan, Boaz; Sherman, Tal; and Fromm, Hillel (2007). "Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in plants". FEBS Letters (581): 2237-2246.
Moeder, Wolfgang; Urquhart, William; Ung, Huoi; and Yoshioka, Keiko (2011). "The Role of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels in Plant Immunity". Molecular Plant (Vol. 4 No. 3): 442-452.
Wang, Zhengchao; Jaing, Yongqing; Lu, Lizhi; Huang, Ruihua; Hou, Qingchao; and Shi, Fangxiong (2007). "Molecular Mechanisms of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Gating." Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Vol 34(6)): 477-485.

Division of the Workload

We decided that we would start by doing individual research to come up with different areas within the topic to focus on. We then chose the areas that we deemed the most significant and well-documented. From there we will continue our research more in depth to expand on each area. This will require both individual and group efforts.