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misc

Electorate demographics

Demographic		Andrzej Duda	Rafał Trzaskowski
Demographic
Total vote		51.0%	49.0%
Sex
Men		51.9%	48.1%
Women		50.3%	49.7%
Age
18–29 years old		36.3%	63.7%
30–39 years old		45.3%	54.7%
40–49 years old		45.6%	54.4%
50–59 years old		59.7	40.3%
60 or older		62.5%	37.5%
Occupation
Company owner		34.1%	65.9%
Manager/expert		32.6%	67.4%
Admin/services		55.3%	44.7%
Farmer		81.4%	18.6%
Worker		66.4%	33.6%
Student		30.1%	69.9%
Unemployed		65.4%	34.6%
Retired		64.1%	35.9%
Others		50.6%	49.4%
Agglomeration
Rural		63.8%	36.2%
<50,000 pop.		46.9%	53.1%
51,000 - 200,000 pop.		49.6%	50.4%
201,000 – 500,000 pop.		38.7%	61.3%
>500,000 pop.		34.2%	65.8%
Education
Elementary		77.3%	22.7%
Vocational		75.0%	25.0%
Secondary		50.9%	49.1%
Higher		34.9%	65.1%
Sejm vote in 2019
	Law and Justice	96.9%	3.1%
	Civic Coalition	1.8%	98.2
	The Left	8.3%	91.7%
	Polish Coalition	29.4%	70.6%
	Confederation	40.0%	60.0%
	Others	16.8%	83.2%
Didn't vote		38.3%	61.7%
Don't remember		40.1%	59.9%
First-round president vote in 2020
	Robert Biedroń	16.0%	84.0%
	Krzysztof Bosak	52.3%	47.7%
	Andrzej Duda	99.1%	0.9%
	Szymon Hołownia	15.0%	85.0%
	Marek Jakubiak	65.9%	34.1%
	Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz	24.3%	75.7%
	Mirosław Piotrowski	76.1%	23.9%
	Paweł Tanajno	13.0%	87.0%
	Rafał Trzaskowski	0.7%	99.3%
	Waldemar Witkowski	10.8%	89.2%
	Stanisław Żółtek	34.7%	65.3%
Didn't vote		49.8%	50.2%
Don't remember		39.2%	60.8%
Second-round president vote in 2015
	Andrzej Duda	91.1%	8.9%
	Bronisław Komorowski	4.4%	95.6%
Didn't vote		30.1%	69.9%
Don't remember		39.2%	60.8%
Source: Ipsos^[1]

Campaign spending

Party		2001		2024
Party		Spent	Cost	Spent	Cost
	SLD-UP	26,995,002	5,05	13,500,029	2,53
	PO	16,319,018	9,88	8,161,037	4,94
	SRP	1,862,470	1,40	931,409	0,70
	PiS	5,302,842	4,29	2,651,917	2,14
	PSL	9,409,950	8,05	4,705,856	4,03
	LPR	514,841	0,50	257,468	0,25
Source: ^[2]

Results

Sejm


Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government			5,292,725	46.70	249	+124
	Centrolew		Polish Socialist Party	1,965,864	17.35	23	–42
			Peasant Party			18	–8
			Polish People's Party "Piast"			15	–2
			Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"			15	–25
			National Workers' Party			8	–6
		Total				79	–89
	National List			1,443,165	12.73	63	+25
	Ukrainian-Belarusian Electoral Bloc			725,984	6.41	21	+4
	People's Catholic Bloc			430,074	3.79	14	-20
	German Electoral Bloc			309,713	2.73	5	-
	Unity of Workers and Peasants			232,314	2.05	4	0
	Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation			246,840	2.18	2	-
	Jewish National Bloc			184,968	1.63	4	-
	All-Jewish National Economic Bloc			150,146	1.32	1	-
	Socialists' Bloc			52,433	0.46	1	-
	ZLCh Samopomoc [pl]			22,919	0.20	1	-
	Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction [pl]			74,096	0.65	0	-
	Bloc of the Socialist Left		General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland	71,123	0.63	0	–
	Bloc of the Socialist Left		Independent Socialist Labour Party	71,123	0.63	0	–
	Sel-Rob "Jedność" [pl]			23,722	0.21	0	-
	Poale Zion			19,206	0.17	0	-
	Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations			12,359	0.11	0	-
	Ruska Selańska Organizacja			11,465	0.10	0	-1
	Ukrainian Labour Party [pl]			10,744	0.09	0	-
	Polish Socialist Party - Left [pl]			7,958	0.07	0	-
	Monarchists			1,816	0.02	0	0
	Others			44,161	0.39	0	-
Total				11,333,795	100.00	444	0

Valid votes				11,333,795	95.92
Invalid/blank votes				482,618	4.08
Total votes				11,816,413	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				15,791,278	74.83
Source: Statystyka Wyborów do Sejmu i Senatu z dnia 16 i 23 Listopada 1930 roku (PDF). Warsaw. 1935. p. XXX.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Senate


Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government	3,715,273	54.66	77	+29
	Centrolew	882,636	12.99	13	–
	National List	882,215	12.98	12	+3
	Ukrainian-Belarusian Electoral Bloc	434,042	6.39	4	+2
	German Electoral Bloc	236,471	3.48	3	-18
	People's Catholic Bloc	160,444	2.36	2	–4
	All-Jewish National Economic Bloc	148,522	2.19	0	-
	Bloc of the Defence of the Rights of the Jewish Nation	146,726	2.16	0	-
	Jewish National Bloc	79,358	1.17	0	-
	Unity of Workers and Peasants	60,445	0.89	0	-
	Socialists' Bloc	15,713	0.23	0	-
	Polish Socialist Party – former Revolutionary Faction [pl]	10,510	0.15	0	-
	Sel-Rob "Jedność" [pl]	8,763	0.13	0	-
	Ruska Sielańska Organizacja	7,594	0.11	0	-
	Central Union of Cultural and Economic Organizations	1,744	0.03	0	-
	Polish Socialist Party - Left [pl]	143	0.00	0	-
	Others	6,589	0.10	0	–
Total		6,797,188	100.00	111	0

Valid votes		6,797,188	98.36
Invalid/blank votes		113,403	1.64
Total votes		6,910,591	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		10,894,325	63.43
Source: Statystyka Wyborów do Sejmu i Senatu z dnia 16 i 23 Listopada 1930 roku (PDF). Warsaw. 1935. p. XXX.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

1995 Polish presidential election

Candidate selection

Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland

Aleksander Kwaśniewski
Social Democracy

Member of the Sejm (1989-2005)

Potential candidates
Aleksander Kwaśniewski	Józef Oleksy

Chairman of Social Democracy (1990-1995)	Prime Minister of Poland (1995-1996)

During SdRP's Congress on 13 May, Kwaśniewski secured his party's endorsement for President with 296 out of 300 votes. Some delegates believed Józef Oleksy should become the candidate instead.^[2]^[3]

Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms

Lech Wałęsa
Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms

President of Poland (1990-1995)

Potential candidates
Lech Wałęsa	Tadeusz Mazowiecki	Andrzej Stelmachowski

Chairman of Solidarity (1980-1991)	Prime Minister of Poland (1989-1991)	Marshal of the Senate (1989-1991)

The conflict between Wałęsa and Mazowiecki grew irrenconcilable by late 1990. After several failed attempts at reconciliation and political clashes over positions in the Solidarity movement and trade union, the final attempts at finding a compromise for the presidential election were organized by clergy of the Catholic Church. One was held on 7 July, another on 31 August, where Mazowiecki tried and failed to convince Wałęsa to abandon his presidential ambitions, even promising to field a compromise candidate (presumably Senate Marshal Andrzej Stelmachowski). A last chance at conciliation took place on 18 September, during a meeting with Primate Józef Glemp. Ultimately, the two adversaries from Solidarity ran opposing campaigns - Wałęsa was endorsed by the Centre Agreement, and Mazowiecki by the Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action and Forum of the Democratic Right. The Solidarity movement mostly sided with Wałesa during the election^[2].

Freedom Union

Jacek Kuroń
Freedom Union

Member of the Sejm (1989-1993)

Potential candidates
Jacek Kuroń	Janusz Onyszkiewicz	Hanna Suchocka

Minister of Labour and Social Policy (1992-1993)	Minister of National Defence (1992-1993)	Prime Minister of Poland (1992-1993)

During the 2nd Congress of the Freedom Union, three candidates decided to enter the party's candidate selection process: Jacek Kuroń, Janusz Onyszkiewicz and Hanna Suchocka. Suchocka, despite being the highest-ranking of the former three candidates, came last in the first round. The second round of voting saw Kuroń defeat Onyszkiewicz by a slight margin of 11 votes, and the former Minister of Labour became the party's official candidate for President.^[2]

Movement for the Republic

Jan Olszewski
Movement for the Republic

Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992)

Potential candidates
Jan Olszewski	Lech Wałęsa

Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992)	Chairman of Solidarity (1980-1991)

In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election^[4]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.^[2]

Polish People's Party

Waldemar Pawlak
Polish People's Party

Member of the Sejm (1989-1993)

Potential candidates
Waldemar Pawlak	Józef Zych

Member of the Sejm (1989-1993)	Member of the Sejm (1989-2015)

On 10 October, the Supreme Executive Committee of PSL declared the candidacy of party chairman Roman Bartoszcze. However, Bartoszcze, as an anti-communist oppositionist, was disliked by the postcommunist ex-ZSL wing of the party. As such, the parliamentary club of PSL, which was seated mostly by members from the ZSL wing, declared ZSL activist Józef Zych's candidacy on 11 October. The next day, the crisis was resolved, as the Supreme Council of PSL confirmed Bartoszcze's candidacy, which believed that voters would be much more likely to support a candidate which did not derive from the communist establishment.^[2]

Convent of St. Catherine

Hanna Gronkiewcz-Waltz
Convent of Saint Catherine

President of the National Bank (1992-2001)

Potential candidates
Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz	Leszek Moczulski	Jan Olszewski	Adam Strzembosz	Henryk Bąk	Wojciech Ziembiński	Roman Ciesielski	Jan Parys

President of the National Bank of Poland (1992-2001)	Member of the Sejm (1993-1997)	Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992)	Chairman of the Supreme Court of Poland (1990-1998)	Deputy Marshal of the Sejm (1991-1993)	Anti-communist oppositionist	Member of the Senat (1989-1991)	Minister of National Defence (1991-1992)

In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election^[4]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.^[2]

Other candidates

Tadeusz Zieliński	Janusz Korwin-Mikke	Andrzej Lepper	Jan Pietrzak	Tadeusz Koźluk	Kazimierz Piotrowicz	Leszek Bubel
Labour Union	Real Politics Union	Samoobrona	Independent	Independent	Independent	Independent

Ombudsman in Poland (1992-1996)	Member of the Sejm (1991-1993)	Agriculturist	Satirist	Lawyer	Entrepreneur	Member of the Sejm (1991-1993)

Withdrawn candidates

Lech Kaczyński	Marek Markiewicz	Leszek Moczulski	Bogdan Pawłowski
Centre Agreement	Republicans Party	Confederation of Independent Poland	Independent

Member of the Sejm (1991-1993)	Chairman of KRRiT (1993-1994)	Member of the Sejm (1993-1997)	Entrepreneur
Endorsed Jan Olszewski	Endorsed Lech Wałęsa	Endorsed Lech Wałęsa	Endorsed Lech Wałęsa

Rejected candidates

The following candidates registered to run, but failed to cross the threshold of 100,000 signatures required to run in the election:

Bolesław Tejkowski (Chairman of the Polish National Community [pl])

Notes

References

^ "Sondażowe wyniki wyborów". Retrieved 23 October 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dudek, Antoni (2023). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2023 [Polish political history 1989-2023] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. ISBN 978-83-67450-66-9.
^ Woliński, Przemysław. Transformacja Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej – od koalicji wyborczej do partii politycznej.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Szyc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] "Sondażowe wyniki wyborów". Retrieved 23 October 2024.

[Dudek-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dudek, Antoni (2023). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2023 [Polish political history 1989-2023] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. ISBN 978-83-67450-66-9.

[Woliński-3] Woliński, Przemysław. Transformacja Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej – od koalicji wyborczej do partii politycznej.

[Szyc-4] Cite error: The named reference Szyc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]