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The Chōsen Treaty Government, also known as the Korean Treaty Government, is a provisional government established in Korea (Chōsen) to serve as a temporary form of leadership for eventual Korean autonomy under the Empire of Japan. However, due to the onset of the Korean Civil War, it has served as a warring faction, presently fighting the nationalist forces in the south and north known as the Korean Provisional Government and Korean National People's Committee, respectively, as well as communist forces in the northwest known as the Korean Central Revolutionary Government.
Korean Treaty Government 한국 조약 정부 (Korean) | |
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Flag | |
Anthem: "Kimigayo" | |
Capital and largest city | Seoul (Keijō) 37°33′36″N 126°59′24″E / 37.56000°N 126.99000°E |
Official languages and national languages | Japanese, Korean |
Nationality | |
Demonym(s) | Korean (Naechijin), Japanese (Naisenjin) |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
• President of the Council | Susumu Ikeda (Jee Man-won) |
Legislature | Japanese-Korean Administral Transition Committee |
Provisional government under an oligarchy | |
• Dissolution of the Chosen-chō | 17 July 2019 |
• Constitution finalized | 15 March 2021 |
• Start of Korean Civil War | 5 May 2022 |
Population | |
• January 2022 estimate | ![]() |
Currency | South Korean won |
Time zone | UTC+9 (Korean Standard Time) |
Formed at the end of the Fourth Sino-Japanese War, the Treaty of Taipei (2019) mandated that Korea was to eventually become an autonomous state, and Japan was permitted to oversee the transition process. A political selection committee was formed to elect the members of the Japanese-Korean Administral Transition Committee, or Treaty Council, as the leadership body was known. Susumu Ikeda, also known as Jee Man-won, was elected President of the Council by the selection committee.
Massive unrest spurned by the outbreak of the Japanese Civil War in 2021 caused violence greater than that found in the Jeolla Uprising, as the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions and People's General Uprising Struggle Headquarters called upon President Ikeda to resign. This caused greater violence to break out in the peninsula, eventually leading to civil conflict. The Treaty Government presently controls an area from Seoul (Keijō) to Busan (Fuzan).
Background
[edit]Originally, after Japan's colonization of the Korean peninsula, it was administered as the Government-General of Chōsen (Japanese: 朝鮮総督府, romanized: Chōsen Sōtokufu), but following the Second World War, the colonial government had been reorganized into the Chōsen Government Office (Japanese: 朝鮮庁, romanized: Chōsen-chō). Following the end of the Fourth Sino-Japanese War in 2019, the peace treaty, or the Treaty of Taipei, determined in Clause 28 that Korea was to eventually become an autonomous region under Japan's control, with a self-elected government and administration. Japan was permitted to oversee this process, creating the Transitional Civil Administration of Chōsen (Japanese: 朝鮮暫定民政府, romanized: Chōsen Zantei Minseifu) to be administered by the Treaty Council. A temporary council of nine judges elected Susumu Ikeda as the President of the Council. However, following the outbreak of the Japanese Civil War, and record violence greater than that of the Jeolla Uprising, the administration collapsed, and three factions emerged. Nationalist forces took control of Pyongyang and Gwangju, and communist forces took control of the northeast. The Treaty Government was forced to retreat to the cities of Seoul and Busan, creating the Chōsen Treaty Government.