User:Rachelannett/sandbox

My Contributions

1. "Healthcare in Cuba"

1. Moved section on the embargo from "Present" to "History"
2. Created fifteen sentence "National health system" section under "Present"
3. Added a "Health statistics" subheading and made "Sexual health" a subheading of that
4. Created ten sentence "Training doctors" section
5. Merged "National heath system" and "Medical staff"
6. Updated health statistics
7. Shortened "Cuba and international healthcare" because there is a main article that holds the same information, but more in depth and organized
8. Added one sentence to "Cuba and international healthcare"
9. Added link to Latin American School of Medicine to "See also"
10. Hyperlinked several things in history to other Wikipedia pages (Special Period, Cuban Revolution, etc)
11. Shortened paragraphs on the Soviet Union and Embargo in "History"
12. Corrected grammar and capitalization in "History"
13. Added one sentence about eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV to "Sexual health"
14. Moved "Black market healthcare" to "Criticisms"
15. Deleted many repeated sentences throughout
16. Added one sentence on MEDICC Review to "Medical research" section
17. Added three sentences on criticism of international healthcare missions to "Criticisms"
18. Removed section about WHO providing data on countries' health. This wasn't necessary or specific to Cuba
19. Moved "Alternative healthcare" to "Healthcare system"
20. Changed "Embargo" heading to "United States Embargo"

2. "Transformative Learning"

1. Added citation where one was needed
2. Added two sentences to "Role of the educator"

Plans for Healthcare in Cuba Article

1. obtain more sources
2. update health statistics
3. contribute to "contrasting views on Cuba's health system"
4. add to training doctors
5. compare international healthcare section to other existing wikipedia article - maybe can be much shorter.

Summarizing and Synthesizing

Create new section: National health system

Cuba's national health system is made up of multiple tiers: 1) the community containing individuals and families, 2) family doctor-and-nurse teams, 3) basic work teams, 4) community polyclinics, 5) hospitals, and 6) medical institutes.

Cuba's Family Physician and Nurse program is made up of physician and nurse teams that serve individuals, families, and their communities. They live above their government-built family medicine offices, living directly in the communities they serve and available 24 hours a day. These teams work to improve the public health concerns in the environment as well as provide medical care. They perform a neighborhood health diagnosis biannually where community risk factors are evaluated to focus priorities for improving the health of the community. Clinically, family doctor-and-nurse teams follow the Continuous Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) method which monitors individual and family health by examining community and home environments, current health, and medical history. The teams make home visits to each family at least once yearly to assess and evaluate their health. Individuals with chronic illness are seen at least every three months. These teams' role combine the importance of focusing on both public health and clinical medicine.

Polyclinics are community-based clinics that house primary care specialists. They exist in every Cuban community and are well-acquainted with the people and the communities they serve. They can see the social determinants and environment that affect the community's health, bettering their ability to serve their patients. Specialists at the polyclinic are there to support physicians when they are needed. Each clinic of specialists supports 20-40 doctor-and-nurse teams. Basic work teams within the polyclinics supervise and evaluate the neighborhood and clinical health work of the family medicine offices.

Create New Section: Training doctors

Cuba's healthcare system persists, in part, due to its medical education system. Doctors are trained without separating education and practice. The medical university is not a separate entity from health services, but it exists within the system. Medical and nursing students mentor and intern within the national system from the first years of their training. Ethics and values are a taught as a large part of the Cuban healthcare system alongside science and technology. Students graduate capable of resolving health issues and knowing when to report to a person higher in the healthcare pyramid. Students graduate with a commitment to providing and preserving quality and equity within healthcare for their communities. The largest medical university in the world exists in Cuba, the Latin American School of Medicine.

To add to: Cuba and international healthcare

Since 1976, Cuban professors of medicine have helped establish 10 medical facilities in developing countries abroad.

To add to role of educator

Transformative learning cannot be guaranteed. Teachers can only provide an opportunity to transformatively learn.

Teachers should provide the environment to allow students to reflect on their transformative learning experiences, but to also allow them to reflect on their own.

Scholarly Sources and Summaries

1. "Healthcare in Cuba"

I would like to better highlight Cuba's preventative, community-based, and cultural aspects of their healthcare system in this article. Maybe I will also add some more current health statistics to the page.

1. "The Curious Case of Cuba" by William Keck. This article highlights how Cuba adapted their systemt o their unique envirnment with socioeconomic, political, and cultural struggles. It addresses these challenges and how they overcame them.
2. "Cuba's Family Doctor- and-Nurse Teams: A Day in the Life" by Conner Gorry. This article highlights Cuba's system's community and family-based aspects that are a huge part of its success.
3. "Cuban medical education: its current status" by Ramón Salas Perea and Arlene Salas Mainegra. This article talks about how Cuba's medical education system comes into play in all of this, and how Cuba's health system is sustained through how doctors are trained.
4. "'No One Left Abandoned': Cuba's National Health System since the 1959 Revolution" by Pol De Vos. This article goes over the history of the structure of Cuba's healthcare system. I don't plan on adding to the "history" portion of the article, but I will use what this article says for Cuba's dedication to healthcare equality.
5. "A Different Model - Health Care in Cuba" by Edward W. Campion and Stephen Morrissey. This article goes over the structure of Cuba's healthcare system, but also give reasons why the system should not be romanticized, which mainly comments on the lack of resources and wealth in Cuba, which is not blamed on the system, but on the US embargo.
6. "Cuba's Health Care Policy: Prevention and Active Community Participation" by Demetrius S. Iatridis. This article goes over the necessity for political commitment and community involvement in guaranteeing health to people, and Cuba does this. It goes over the development of Cuba's health policy. I won't use this in the Wikipedia article because it already contains details about the law and community's role in Cuba's healthcare system, and it would create a non-neutral argument to further discuss the importance of community and political support in a national healthcare system.
7. "The Cuban Health Area and Polyclinic: Organizational Focus in an Emerging System"by Ross Danielson. This article talks about the structure of Cuba's healthcare system, in particular the role of the polyclinic, and goes into way more detail than necessary for an encyclopedia.
8. "Lessons from the Margins of Globalization: Appreciating the Cuban Health Paradox" by Jerry M. Spiegel and Annalee Yassi. This article discusses Cuba's challenge to the assumption that generating wealth is the fundamental precondition for improving health. The article challenges neoliberal ideology. I also learned a lot from this article, but could not contribute much to Wikipedia with it without being biased.
9. "On a mission: how Cuba uses its doctors abroad" by Sara Carrillo de Albornoz. This article discusses Cuba's healthcare help abroad, but also critiques that it may be contributing to a shortage of care and resources at home.
10. "Community - and Hospital - Based Teaching in the Medical Curriculum - Examples from Cuba and the UK" by John K. F. Wong and Ann Wylie. This article compares the UK's method of medical education and Cuba's. The UK's is hospital-based and far more expensive than Cuba's community-based system.
11. "Cuba" from the WHO. Use to update health statistics.
12. "WHO validates elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Cuba" from WHO.
13. "MEDICC Review" the only English language journal for Cuban medical, public health, and research outcomes.

2. "Transformative Learning"

These sources will hopefully help me make the transformative learning article easier to understand and read by providing examples from studies instead of pure theory. These additions will go under the "In Practice" heading of the article.

1. "Empirical Measurement of Perspective Transformation" by Rebecca S. Cheney. I will use this source to include in the article ways in which researchers have studied perspective transformation and how they can use it to draw conclusions in studies.
2. "Transformative Learning in College Students: A Mixed Methods Study" by James Roderick Fullerton. This article was based on a study that measures and distinguishes between informative and transformative learning outcomes in college students.
3. "Both Sides Now: Examining Transformative Learning and Professional Development of Educators" by Kathleen P. King. This study examines transformative leaning experiences that adult graduate students have in graduate school.

First Edits

1. "Healthcare in Cuba"

The article I was originally going to work on was deleted, I think, because of its similarities to the one above. I added a citation to "Healthcare in Cuba" where the current Minister of Public Health is listed from the WHO, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2014/wha67/president-roberto-morales-ojeda/en/.

2. "Transformative Learning"

To this article, I added to the talk page, saying that the article needs to be less intimidating. I noticed that the talk page hasn't been added to since December 2015. I also added a citation where it was noted that a full one was needed, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1541344608322678?journalCode=jtda.

Article Evaluation

Article Relevant to PE Org Area (aspect of city, region, country)

Article: "Health in Cuba"

This article seems relatively underdeveloped and new, and it needs some work. I can see from the "talk" page that it is part of of project called WikiProject Caribbean which is aiming to build a guide to the countries of the Caribbean. The article hasn't received a rating on its quality scale yet.

The introduction gives a brief historical introduction to Cuba's health, but it is choppy and not fluid.

The article seems opinionated when it uses words like "excellent" and "remarkable" to describe Cuba's health care.

More numbers should be used rather than saying, "Child mortality rates are lower in Cuba than the United States."

There is a sentence that says, "Excellent primary health care is the key to the good heath outcomes." I don't think this sentence belongs in a neutral, informative article.

The article is pretty poorly written.

There are not even close to enough citations in this article, and citations are not in the same format at most other articles.

The article includes a lot of important information when in comes to health in Cuba, but not all of the information is cited, is said in a neutral manner, or is worded in the best way, and it uses adjectives where statistics belong. I would include more historical and political context in the article. I think the article could be better organized as well within headings and sub-headings.

I would also include links to other Wikipedia pages that are relevant.

While I didn't evaluate it, the article "Healthcare in Cuba" seems much more developed.

Sources to incorporate to add historical and political context to Cuba's health:

The effects of the US Embargo on Cuban health

The effects of loss of Soviet Union support on Cuban Health

Article Relevant to PE Org Sector (issue relevant to a key debate or approach within sector)

Article: "Transformative learning"

This article is much more developed than "Health in Cuba." It has at least one citation in every paragraph, usually more, so I am confident that there is not plagiarism and that the information is reliable. There is a "Contents" outline in this article, unlike the other, making it much more organized and comprehensive. This article does word-for-word quote passages, which is not recommended, but I think it was necessary to understand this topic. There are many many perspectives to this topic, and the article makes that clear and touches on all of them.

I think something that this article is missing is maybe how to evaluate transformative learning and how to intentionally practice it, as an organization that brings people abroad to learn.

The "Talk Page" of this article is much more developed than the previous. Many of the comments say that the article is far too complex and dense.

Sources to incorporate to add evaluation of transformative learning and practicing transformative learning:

Survey of transformative learning outcomes and processes

Putting transformative learning into practice