User:SunloungerFrog/sandbox
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This articles lists cities located along the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that connected Europe with China, from the Mediterranean Sea to the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
The Silk Road's eastern end was in present-day China, and its main western end was Antioch. The generally accepted view is that the Silk Road proper started in the last century BCE, in the .[1]
Terrestrial routes
[edit]Major cities, broadly from the eastern Mediterranean to South Asia, and arranged roughly west to east in each area by modern-day country.
The Silk Roads across the Middle East and Western Asia
[edit]- Constantinople, ancient Byzantium, (now Istanbul)
- Bursa
- Beypazarı
- Mudurnu
- Taraklı
- Konya
- Adana
- Antioch
- İzmir
- Trabzon
- Tabriz
- Zanjan
- Rasht
- Kermanshah
- Hamadan
- Rey (or Ray in modern-day Tehran)
- Hecatompylos (Damghan)
- Sabzevar
- Nishapur
- Mashhad
- Tus
- Bam
- Yazd
- Qazvin
- Qumis (Hekatompylos)
Central Asia
[edit]- Nisa
- Merv
- Urgench
Ruins of Muhammad II's palace in Old Urgench. - Amul
- Otrar
- Ispidjab (or Sairum)
- Taraz
- Hazrat-e Turkestan
The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi in the town of Hazrat-e Turkestan. Built by Timur in the 1390s. - Almaty
Southern Routes and South Asia
[edit]- Tamralipta (or Tamluk)
- Leh
- Jaisalmer
- Mathura
- Varanasi (or Benares)
- Pataliputra
- Wari-Bateshwar
- Pundranagara
- Vikrampura
- Somapura
- Bhitargarh
- Sonargaon
- Chattagram/Chatgaon/Chittagong
- Comilla/Mainamati/Samatata
- Jahangir Nagar/Dhaka
China: The northern route along the Taklamakan Desert
[edit]
- Kashgar (or Kashi) (Major City)
- Liqian
- Aksu
- Kucha
- Korla
- Loulan
- Karasahr (Yanqi)
- Turpan (Turfan)
- Gaochang
- Chang'an
- Kumul/Hami
- Ürümqi
- Yumen Pass (or Jade Gate or Pass of the Jade Gate) (city called Yumenguan or Hecang)
- Anxi
China: The southern route along the Taklamakan Desert
[edit]- Kashgar (or Kashi) (Major City)
- Pishan
- Khotan
- Niya
- Mingfeng
- Endere
- Charchan
- Waxxari
- Ruoqiang Town (Charklik)
- Miran
- Yangguan, or Yangguan Pass
- Dunhuang
- the Mogao Caves
- Anxi
China: From Anxi/Dunhuang to Chang'an (Xi'an)
[edit]
- Dunhuang (Major City)
- Jiayuguan
- Jiuquan
- Zhangye
- Shandan
- Liangzhou (Wuwei)
- Tianzhu, Gansu
- Lanzhou
- Tianshui
- Baoji
- Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an)
Along the Indian Ocean trade routes
[edit]- Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Tamralipta, West Bengal, India
- Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, India
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Korkai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Muziris, Kerala, India
- Goa, India
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Cochin, Kerala, India
- Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Lothal, Gujarat, India
- Sudak, Ukraine
- Muscat, Oman
- Aden, Yemen
- Bosaso, Somalia
- Suez, Egypt
- Ayas, Turkey
In Southeast Asia
[edit]- Kedah (Early history of Kedah)
- Ligor
List of Ptolemy
[edit]
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This following list is attributed to Ptolemy. All city names are Ptolemy's, throughout all his works. Most of the names are included in Geographia.
Some of the cities provided by Ptolemy either no longer exist today, or have moved to different locations.
Nevertheless, Ptolemy has provided an important historical reference for researchers.
(This list has been alphabetized.)
- Africa
- East Africa – Akhmim, Aromaton Emporion, Axum, Coloe, Dongola, Juba, Maji, Opone, Panopolis, Sarapion, Sennar.
- North Africa – Caesarea, Carthage, Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Murzuk, Sijilmassa, Tamanrasset, Tingis.
- Arabia – Cane, Eudaemon Arabia, Mocha, Mosylon, Sanaʽa, Zafār (Saphar), Saue.
- Bangladesh – Sounagaora.
- China – Cattigara, Chengdu, Kaifeng, Kitai, Kunming, Yarkand.
- Europe – Aquileia, Athens, Augusta Treverorum (Trier), Gades (Cadiz), Ostia.
- India – Argaru, Astakapra, Bacare, Balita, Barake, Byzantion, Colchi, Erannoboas, Horaia, Kalliena, Mandagora, Melizeigara, Muziris, korkai, Poompuhar, Naura, Nelcynda, Paethana (Paithan), Palaepatmae, Palaesimundu, Poduca, Semylla, Sopatma, Suppara (Nalasopara), Tagara, Tymdis.
- Pakistan – Barbaricum, Peshawer, Taxilla
- Persia – Alexandria Areion, Kandahar, Persepolis.
- Persian Gulf – Apologos, Asabon, Charax, Gerrha (or Gerra), Ommana.
- Red Sea – Adulis, Aualites, Berenica, Malao, ancient Berbera, Muza, Myos Hormos, Ocalis, Ptolemais Theron.
- Southeast Asia – Kattigara (Oc Eo), Thaton, Trang.
- Unknown – Ecbatana (located in either modern Iran or Syria), Jiaohei.
References
[edit]- ^ Christian, David (2000). "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History". Journal of World History. 11 (1): 5. ISSN 1045-6007. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
Though standard accounts concede that there may have been sporadic exchanges along the Silk Roads before the end of the first millennium BCE, they insist that the Silk Roads proper flourished for the first time only in the last century BCE.