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Coordinates: 51°31′02.10″N 00°08′20.64″W / 51.5172500°N 0.1390667°W / 51.5172500; -0.1390667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Things to work on:

  • Ecclesiastical history, not only architectural history
    • Significant vicars
  • The "thesis" of the article would be that it is a church founded upon a theological vision (Ang-Cath, Oxford mvnt), instead of merely talking about the architecture
  • All Saints Sisters

All Saints, Margaret Street[edit]

All Saints, Margaret Street
Clockwise from upper left: the exterior of All Saints; the chancel and the high altar; a panorama of the interior.
DenominationChurch of England
ChurchmanshipAnglo-Catholic
Websiteallsaintsmargaretstreet.org.uk
History
Consecrated1859
Architecture
Heritage designationGrade I
Architect(s)William Butterfield
StyleGothic Revival
Administration
ProvinceCanterbury
DioceseLondon
Clergy
Bishop(s)Jonathan Baker
Vicar(s)Peter Anthony
Laity
Director of musicStephen Farr

All Saints[a] is an Anglo-Catholic church on Margaret Street in London, England. Originially founded in the late 18th century as Margaret Street Chapel, the church became Anglo-Catholic in the 1830s under the influences of the Oxford Movement, which called for higher liturgy and Orthodox doctrines. The Movement also compelled to build the current church building, which was designed by William Butterfield and completed in 1855.

The church serves as a center of Anglo-Catholicism ... It housed the Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor in the 19th and 20th centuries.

History[edit]

All Saints, Margaret Street[edit]

On 28 May 1859, Bishop of London Archibald Campbell Tait consecrated the church building of All Saints.[1] Upton Richards served actively for ten years until he suffered strokes in 1869.[2] The Survey of London describes the congregation at the time "occasional in character", as parishioners were not assigned fixed seats.[3] In 1860 Upton Richards also established a choir school on Margaret Street for the church.[3] He remained the vicar of All Saints until his death on 16 June 1873[2] and was succeeded by Berdmore Compton succeeded on 28 October.[4] To commemorate Upton Richards, the parish devoted the decoration of the north wall of the church, which was designed by Butterfield, painted by Alexander Gibbs, and made by Henry Poole & Sons in 1875–1876.[3]

Compton's tenure lasted until July 1886, during which Archbishop of Canterbury Edward White Benson preached at the church on Ascension Day, 3 June 1886.[5] William Allen Whitworth became vicar in November that year.[6] He created a newspaper for the parish in 1887,[7] established a mission in Pentonville in northern London from 1888 to 1897,[8] and offered Welsh services at All Saints from 1889 to 1895.[9] Whitworth died after a bowel operation in March 1905.[10] During the Victorian era, Princess Alexandra of Denmark frequented the church until the death of her son Prince Albert Victor in 1892. She sometimes brought her husband, the future Edward VII, and her family.[11]

George Holden led the church from 1905 to his death in 1908,[12] re-establishing a ward of the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament there in 1906 and joining the church to the English Church Union in 1907.[13] He was succeeded by Henry Mackay, the fifth vicar of All Saints from 1908 to 1934.[14] Mackay elevated the liturgy at the church by introducing incense in 1908 and paschal candles in 1912.[15] He renamed the services as "Mass" in 1911 and the Solemn Eucharist "High Mass" in 1913, and from 1915 priests were addressed as "Fathers".[16] The Anglican Benedictine monk Dom Bernard Clements succeeded Mackay in 1934.[17] In 1939 he oversaw the celebrations of the centenary of the licensing of Frederick Oakeley to Margaret Street Chapel, with preachers including the Archbishops of York and of Wales, and in November that year the Archbishop of Canterbury Cosmo Gordon Lang preached at evensong at All Saints.[18]

During the bombing of London in the Second World War, the choiristers were sent to the countryside and the roof of the parish school was set on fire.[19] Dom Bernard died in 1942,[20] and Geoffrey Fisher, then the Bishop of London, appointed Cyril Edric Tomkinson as the new vicar in 1943, who resigned due to ill health in 1951[21] and was succeeded by Kenneth Needham Ross.[22] In 1959 All Saints celebrated the centenary of its consecration, having the Archbishop of York preaching at the High Mass on 31 May.[23] In 1967 the choir school was closed due to financial difficulties[24] and Ross retired two years later.[25]

The ninth vicar, Michael Marshall, led the church from 1969 to 1975.[26] In 1970, Bishop Graham Leonard of London thought of using All Saints as a centre to catechise lay people, which inspired Marshall to establish the Institute of Christian Studies at 84 Margaret street, where the choir school once occupied. For the first three years the institute was a resident community, before it transitioned into a place of teaching and was formally opened by Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1973. The institute closed around 1978.[27] Marshall was elected and consecrated Bishop of Woolwich in 1975,[28] and the next vicar was David Sparrow, who held the post from 1976 to his death in 1981.[29]

David Hope, then principal of St Stephen's House, Oxford, an Anglo-Catholic theological college, was appointed the vicar of All Saints in 1982.[30] In 1983 he organised a celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Oxford Movement, which saw Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, preaching at Evensong.[31] In the same year Hope reinstated the celebration of the Feast of the Assumption and introduced the use of a monstrance for Benediction. During his tenure, he also established the Tenebrae service during the Holy Week.[32] Hopes became the Bishop of Wakefield in 1985,[33], the Bishop of London in 1991,[34] and was the Archbishop of York from 1995 to 2005.[35] He was succeeded by David Hutt in 1986.[36]


Music[edit]

In 1841, the vicar of Margaret Street Chapel Frederick Oakeley translated the Latin hymn "Adeste Fideles" into English as "Ye Faithful, Approach Ye" for his congregation. Although Oakeley did not publish his translation, his hymn became notable due to its use at the chapel, and was included in several hymnals in the 19th century. One of its popular arrangements is "O Come All Ye Faithful".[37]

A choir school was established at the church in 1843, which provided music for daily choral services. The choir was widely recognised for its excellence and choristers sang at the Coronations of Edward VII (1902), George V (1911), George VI (1937) and Elizabeth II (1953) as well as at Victoria's Jubilees (1887 and 1897).

Amongst its alumni is Laurence Olivier.[38]

The school closed in 1968,[39] at which point the boys' voices were replaced by adult sopranos. The survival of the choir school had been discussed many years earlier. Writing to parishioners in 1894, the vicar lamented that the changing demography of the area meant that there were now few children left in the parish, and that the number of wealthy patrons in the congregation had decreased as they moved further west.[40]

The present-day choir maintains the exacting standards of its predecessors.

The repertoire for choir and organ stretches from before the Renaissance to the 21st century and includes several pieces commissioned for the church, most famously Walter Vale's arrangement of Rachmaninoff's Liturgy of St John Chrysostom and All-Night Vigil for Western-Rite Mass and Evensong respectively. Rachmaninoff heard Vale's adaptations during his two visits to the church, in 1915 and 1923, and pronounced his approval of them. They are still sung on Palm Sunday.

All Saints' organ is a superb four-manual Harrison and Harrison instrument with 65 speaking stops, built in 1910 to a specification drawn up by Walter Vale. It retains the best of the pipework of its predecessor, the original and considerably smaller Hill organ. Though as big as those found in most cathedrals, it is perfectly tailored to All Saints' smaller dimensions – powerful, but not excessively so, sounding intimate when played quietly, and monumental when loud. Harrison rebuilt it in 1957, replacing the tubular pneumatic action with electro-pneumatic. Electrical blowers replaced the hydraulic blowing plant.

The tonal changes made to 10 stops in 1957 – like those made to many other organs at that time – altered the tone of the instrument, to a very limited extent, to a more 'classical' sound. Therefore, when the organ next required major restoration work, the decision was taken to try to restore the sound nearer to that of 1910: to return it to an 'Edwardian Romantic' organ. The completed restoration was celebrated with two inauguration concerts in March 2003.

Organists have included Richard Redhead, the first organist and remembered today as the composer of Rock of Ages and Bright the Vision, Walter Vale (1907–1939), William Lloyd Webber (1939–1948), John Birch (1953–58), Michael Fleming (1958–68) and Harry Bramma (1989–2004), many of whom wrote music for use at All Saints and beyond.

Directors of Music (selected)
  • 1839–1864 Richard Redhead[41]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Sometimes written as All Saints'.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Mayhew 1987, p. 30.
  2. ^ a b Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 20–21.
  3. ^ a b c Temple & Thom 2017, p. 736.
  4. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 29.
  5. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 33.
  6. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 46.
  7. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 51.
  8. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 54–55.
  9. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 57.
  10. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 64.
  11. ^ Temple & Thom 2017, p. 740.
  12. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 69.
  13. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 77.
  14. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 88.
  15. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 94–95.
  16. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 95.
  17. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 114.
  18. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 130–131.
  19. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 132–133.
  20. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 133.
  21. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 140–141, 146.
  22. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 150.
  23. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 160–161.
  24. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 166.
  25. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 169.
  26. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 173.
  27. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 175–177.
  28. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 180.
  29. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 185.
  30. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 199–200.
  31. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 208–209.
  32. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, pp. 209–210.
  33. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 211.
  34. ^ Church Times 1991.
  35. ^ "A list of all Archbishops of York since 627" by the Archbishop of York n.d.
  36. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 217.
  37. ^ Julian 1915, pp. 20–21.
  38. ^ Galloway & Rawll 1988, p. 102.
  39. ^ Crutchley, Leigh (5 November 1968). "Death of a Choir School: All Saints Margaret Street London 1968". BBC Radio. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  40. ^ "All Saints', Margaret Street choir school". The Guardian. 24 October 1894. p. 1650 – via newspapers.com.
  41. ^ Love, James (1841) Scottish Church Music: its Composers and Sources. Edinburgh: Blackwood; p. 233

Sources[edit]

Miscellaneous[edit]

Periodicals[edit]

  • Curl, James Stevens (20 June 1990). "All Saints', Margaret Street". The Architects' Journal. pp. 36–55.
  • Paflin, Glyn (6 November 2020). "The lost painting of All Saints'". Church Times.

Journal articles[edit]

Book chapters and sections[edit]

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (20 Aug 2020). "Oxford movement". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2 Nov 2021). "Anglo-Catholicism". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  • Julian, John, ed. (1915). A Dictionary of Hymnology: Setting Forth the Origin and History of Christian Hymns of All Ages and Nations. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). London: John Murray.
  • Love, James (1891). "Redheard, Richard". Scottish Church Music: Its Composer and Sources. William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 232–233.
  • Saint, Andrew (2017). "The 1895 Restoration of All Saints', Margaret Street". In Howell, Peter; Saint, Andrew (eds.). Butterfield Revisited. Studies in Victorian Architecture and Design. Vol. 6. London: The Victorian Society. pp. 113–141. ISBN 978-0901657558.
  • Temple, Philip; Thom, Colin, eds. (2017). "All Saints Church". South-East Marylebone: Part 2. Survey of London. Vol. 52. Yale University Press. pp. 731–747.

Books[edit]

Minor sources[edit]

  • Mayhew, Peter (1987). "Margaret Street". All Saints: Birth and Growth of a Community. Oxford. ISBN 9780951276402.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]


51°31′02.10″N 00°08′20.64″W / 51.5172500°N 0.1390667°W / 51.5172500; -0.1390667

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