User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Diagnosis and Procedures

Signs and symptoms

Other

Aortic insufficiency	Collapsing pulse De Musset's sign Duroziez's sign Müller's sign Austin Flint murmur Mayne's sign
Other endocardium	endocarditis: Roth's spot Janeway lesion/Osler's node Bracht–Wachter bodies
Pericardium	Cardiac tamponade/Pericardial effusion: Beck's triad Ewart's sign
Other	rheumatic fever: Anitschkow cell Aschoff body EKG J wave Gallavardin phenomenon

Vascular disease

Arterial	aortic aneurysm Cardarelli's sign Oliver's sign pulmonary embolism Right heart strain radial artery sufficiency Allen's test pseudohypertension thrombus Lines of Zahn Adson's sign arteriovenous fistula Nicoladoni–Branham sign
Venous	Friedreich's sign Caput medusae Kussmaul's sign Trendelenburg test superior vena cava syndrome Pemberton's sign

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to perception, emotion and behaviour
Cognition	Confusion Delirium Psychosis Delusion Amnesia Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia Convulsion Dizziness Disequilibrium Presyncope/Lightheadedness Vertigo
Emotion	Anger Anxiety Depression Fear Paranoia Hostility Irritability Suicidal ideation
Behavior	Verbosity Russell's sign
Perception	Sensory processing disorder Hallucination (Auditory hallucination) Smell Anosmia Hyposmia Dysosmia Parosmia Phantosmia Hyperosmia Synesthesia Taste Ageusia Hypogeusia Dysgeusia Hypergeusia

Signs and symptoms relating to the human digestive system or abdomen

Gastrointestinal
tract

Accessory

liver: Councilman body
Mallory body

biliary: Boas' sign
Courvoisier's law
Charcot's cholangitis triad/Reynolds' pentad
cholecystitis (Murphy's sign
Lépine's sign
Mirizzi's syndrome)
Nardi test

Defecation

Abdomen

Pain	Abdominal pain Acute abdomen Colic Baby colic Abdominal guarding Blumberg's sign
Distension	Abdominal distension Bloating Ascites Tympany Shifting dullness Fluid wave test
Masses	Abdominal mass Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly
Other	Jaundice Mallet-Guy's sign Puddle sign Ballance's sign Aortic insufficiency Castell's sign Kehr's sign Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign

Hernia

Other

Signs and symptoms that are general or constitutional

Temperature

heat	Fever of unknown origin drug-induced postoperative Hyperthermia Hyperhidrosis Night sweats
cold	Chills Hypothermia

Aches and pains

Malaise and fatigue

Miscellaneous

Thyroid disease

Hypothyroidism

Iodine deficiency
Cretinism
- Congenital hypothyroidism
Myxedema
Myxedema coma
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
Signs and symptoms
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
Pickardt syndrome
Hypothyroid myopathy
- KDSS
- Hoffmann syndrome
- LEMS
- Atrophic type

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroxinemia
- Thyroid hormone resistance
- Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
Hashitoxicosis
Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Thyroid storm
Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroid myopathy

Graves' disease	Signs and symptoms Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign lid lag Griffith's sign Möbius sign Pretibial myxedema Graves' ophthalmopathy

Thyroiditis

Enlargement

Signs and symptoms relating to the respiratory system

Auscultation

Stethoscope
Respiratory sounds
- Stridor
- Wheeze
- Crackles
- Rhonchi
- Stertor
- Squawk
- Pleural friction rub
- Fremitus
- Bronchophony
- Death rattle
Elicited findings

Breathing

Rate	Apnea Prematurity Dyspnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Hyperpnea Tachypnea Hypopnea Bradypnea
Pattern	Agonal respiration Biot's respiration Cheyne–Stokes respiration Kussmaul breathing Ataxic respiration
Other	Respiratory distress Respiratory arrest Orthopnea/Platypnea Trepopnea Aerophagia Asphyxia Breath holding Mouth breathing Snoring

Other

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to skin and subcutaneous tissue
Disturbances of skin sensation	Hypoesthesia Paresthesia Formication Hyperesthesia Hypoalgesia Hyperalgesia
Circulation	Cyanosis Pallor Livedo Livedo reticularis Flushing Petechia Blanching
Edema	Peripheral edema Anasarca
Other	Rash Desquamation Induration Diaphoresis Mass Neck mass
Skin	Asboe-Hansen sign Auspitz's sign Borsari's sign Braverman's sign Crowe sign Dennie–Morgan fold Darier's sign Fitzpatrick's sign Florid cutaneous papillomatosis Gottron's sign Hutchinson's sign Janeway lesion Kerr's sign Koebner's phenomenon Koplik's spots Leser-Trelat sign Nikolsky's sign Pastia's sign Russell's sign Wickham striae Wolf's isotopic response Munro's microabscess
Nails	Aldrich-Mees' lines Beau's lines Muehrcke's lines Terry's nails

Malnutrition

Protein-energy
malnutrition

Vitamin deficiency

B vitamins	B₁ Beriberi Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome B₂ Riboflavin deficiency B₃ Pellagra B₆ Pyridoxine deficiency B₇ Biotin deficiency B₉ Folate deficiency B₁₂ Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
Other	A: Vitamin A deficiency Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Harrison's groove E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency

Mineral deficiency

Electrolyte imbalance
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Magnesium
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Sodium
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Iodine
Chromium
Molybdenum
Selenium
- Keshan disease
Fluorine

Growth

General

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to the urinary system
Pain	Dysuria Renal colic Costovertebral angle tenderness Vesical tenesmus
Control	Urinary incontinence Enuresis Diurnal enuresis Giggling Nocturnal enuresis Post-void dribbling Stress Urge Overflow Urinary retention
Volume	Oliguria Anuria Polyuria
Other	Lower urinary tract symptoms Nocturia urgency frequency Extravasation of urine Uremia
Eponymous	Addis count Brewer infarcts Lloyd's sign Mathe's sign

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to infectious diseases
Bacterial disease	syphilis Hutchinson's teeth Hutchinson's triad Westphal's sign Clutton's joints Dennie–Marfan syndrome
Viral disease	measles Koplik's spots
Parasitic disease	African trypanosomiasis Winterbottom's sign
General	Meningism Fever Liebermeister's rule Faget sign

v t e Signs and symptoms and relating to the eye
Adnexa	lacrimal: Schirmer's test eyelid: Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign
Globe	pupil: Argyll Robertson pupils Adie pupil Marcus Gunn pupil cornea: Fleischer ring Kayser–Fleischer ring Hudson–Stahli line iris: Brushfield spots Lisch nodule conjunctiva: Bitot's spots Arlt's line retina: Hollenhorst plaque Roth's spot Fuchs spot others: Alexander's law Hirschberg test Siegrist streaks

v t e Signs and symptoms in obstetrics
Pregnancy	Abderhalden reaction Chadwick sign Goodell's sign Hegar's sign Ladin's sign Piskacek's sign Von Braun-Fernwald's sign
Other	Apgar score Braxton Hicks contractions hydrops fetalis (Hemoglobin Barts) ectopic pregnancy (Spiegelberg criteria) fetal death (Spalding's sign) Leopold's maneuvers

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to the reproductive system
Female	Cervical motion tenderness Strawberry cervix Boggy uterus Adnexal mass Vaginal discharge Vaginal Odor Cramping Endometrium Arias-Stella phenomenon Canga's bead symptom Genital ulcer
Male	Testicular pain sudden Discharge from penis Inflammation/Redness Swollen testicles Prehn's sign Genital ulcer

Signs and symptoms relating to the nervous system

Central nervous system

Head	Battle's sign Kernig's sign Macewen's sign Myerson's sign Stroop test Hirano body
Other	Intracranial pressure Cushing's triad Lhermitte's sign Charcot's neurologic triad

Peripheral nervous system

Reflexes

Combination	Jendrassik maneuver
Legs	Plantar reflex Chaddock reflex Oppenheim's sign Westphal's sign
Arms	Hoffmann's reflex

Other

Arms	Froment's sign carpal tunnel syndrome Tinel's sign Phalen maneuver
Legs	Gowers's sign Hoover's sign Straight leg raise Trendelenburg's sign
Torso	Beevor's sign
General	Pain stimulus

Signs and symptoms, and syndromes associated with lesions of the brain and brainstem

Cerebral cortex

ACA syndrome
MCA syndrome
PCA syndrome
Aphasia
Frontal lobe
- Expressive aphasia
- Abulia
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
- Cortical deafness
- Prosopagnosia

Subcortex

Basal ganglia
Thalamic syndrome

Cerebellum

Lateral
Medial
- Cerebellar ataxia

Brainstem

Medulla	Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA Medial medullary syndrome/Dejerine ASA
Pons	Upper dorsal pontine syndrome/Raymond–Céstan syndrome Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) (lateral) Medial pontine syndrome/Millard–Gubler syndrome/Foville's syndrome (basilar) Locked-in syndrome Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome
Midbrain	Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA Benedikt syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Claude's syndrome
Other	Alternating hemiplegia

Other

v t e Signs and symptoms relating to movement and gait
Gait	Gait abnormality CNS Scissor gait Cerebellar ataxia Choreic gait Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait Magnetic gait Marche à petit pas Propulsive gait Stomping gait Spastic gait Truncal ataxia Vestibular gait Muscular Myopathic gait/Waddling gait Trendelenburg gait Pigeon gait Foot drop Steppage gait Toe walking Asymmetric gait Leaping gait Asynchronous gait Gunslinger's gait Hemiparetic gait Limp Antalgic gait Deformity Lotus gait
Coordination	Ataxia Cerebellar ataxia Dysmetria Dysdiadochokinesia Pronator drift Dyssynergia Sensory ataxia Asterixis Abasia Hemimotor neglect
Abnormal movement	Athetosis Chorea Tremor Fasciculation Fibrillation Myokymia Myoclonus Hyperkinesia / Hypokinesia Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia Hypotonia Stereotypy Akathisia Echopraxia Echolalia
Posturing	Abnormal posturing Stooped posture Camptocormia Osteoporosis Opisthotonus Spasm Trismus Cramp Tetany Hypertonia Joint locking Catalepsy Waxy flexibility Grimacing Tonic immobility
Paralysis	Flaccid paralysis Periodic paralysis Spastic paraplegia Spastic diplegia Spastic paraplegia Syndromes Monoplegia Diplegia / Paraplegia Hemiplegia Triplegia Tetraplegia / Quadruplegia General causes Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion Sleep paralysis
Weakness	Hemiparesis Gowers' sign Locomotive syndrome Ptosis
Range of motion	Contracture Bethlem sign Club foot Joint stiffness Ankylosis Hypermobility Gorlin sign EDS HSD Boutonniere deformity Swan neck deformity Scoliosis Kyphosis
Other	Rachitic rosary Flat feet Overpronation/Flexible flat feet Knock-knee Bow-leggedness Back knee Hyporeflexia Hyperreflexia Clasp-knife response Shivering Hypnic jerk Astasia-abasia Vertigo Motion sickness Conversion disorder Shell shock Stupor Catatonia Dancing mania

Disorders of hearing and balance

Hearing

Symptoms

Hearing loss
Excessive response

Disease

Loss	Conductive hearing loss Otosclerosis Superior canal dehiscence Sensorineural hearing loss Presbycusis Cortical deafness Nonsyndromic deafness
Other	Deafblindness Wolfram syndrome Usher syndrome Auditory processing disorder Spatial hearing loss

Tests

Balance

Symptoms	Vertigo nystagmus
Disease	Balance disorder Peripheral Ménière's disease Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Labyrinthitis Labyrinthine fistula
Tests	Dix–Hallpike test Unterberger test Romberg's test Vestibulo–ocular reflex

Blood film findings

Red blood cells

Size	Anisocytosis Macrocytosis Microcytosis
Shape	Poikilocytosis Membrane abnormalities Acanthocyte Codocyte Elliptocyte Hereditary elliptocytosis Spherocyte Hereditary spherocytosis Dacrocyte Echinocyte Schistocyte Degmacyte Sickle cell/drepanocyte Sickle cell disease Stomatocyte Hereditary stomatocytosis
Colour	Anisochromia Hypochromic anemia Polychromasia
Inclusion bodies	Developmental Howell–Jolly body Basophilic stippling Pappenheimer bodies Cabot rings Hemoglobin precipitation Heinz body
Other	Haemoconia Red cell agglutination Rouleaux

White blood cells

Lymphocytes	Reactive lymphocyte Smudge cell Russell bodies
Granulocytes	Hypersegmented neutrophil Arneth count Pelger–Huët anomaly Döhle bodies Toxic granulation Toxic vacuolation Critical green inclusion Alder–Reilly anomaly Jordans' anomaly Left shift
Other	Auer rod

Components and results of urine tests

Components

Chemical properties

Abnormal findings

Red blood cells	Hematuria (Microscopic hematuria)
White blood cells	Eosinophiluria
Proteinuria	Albuminuria/Microalbuminuria Albumin/creatinine ratio Urine protein/creatinine ratio Myoglobinuria Hemoglobinuria Bence Jones protein
Small molecules	Glycosuria Ketonuria Bilirubinuria Hyperuricosuria Aminoaciduria
Other	Bacteriuria Chyluria Crystalluria

Fractures and cartilage damage

General

Head

Spinal fracture

Cervical fracture

Ribs

Shoulder fracture

Arm fracture

Humerus fracture:	Proximal Supracondylar Holstein–Lewis fracture
Forearm fracture:	Ulna fracture Monteggia fracture Hume fracture Radius fracture/Distal radius Galeazzi Colles' Chauffeur's Smith's Barton's Essex-Lopresti fracture

Hand fracture

Pelvic fracture

Leg

Tibia fracture:	Bumper fracture Segond fracture Gosselin fracture Toddler's fracture Pilon fracture Plafond fracture Tillaux fracture
Fibular fracture:	Maisonneuve fracture Le Fort fracture of ankle Bosworth fracture
Combined tibia and fibula fracture:	Trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture Pott's fracture
Crus fracture:	Patella fracture
Femoral fracture:	Hip fracture

Foot fracture

Dislocations/subluxations, sprains and strains

Joints and
ligaments

Head and neck	Dislocation of jaw Whiplash
Shoulder and upper arm	GH (Dislocated shoulder) AC (Separated shoulder) ALPSA lesion SLAP tear Bankart lesion
Elbow and forearm	Pulled elbow Gamekeeper's thumb
Hip and thigh	Hip dislocation
Knee and leg	Tear of meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament injury Unhappy triad Patellar dislocation Knee dislocation
Ankle and foot	Sprained ankle (High ankle sprain) Turf toe

Muscles and
tendons

Shoulder and upper arm	Rotator cuff tear
Hip and thigh	Pulled hamstring
Knee and leg	Patellar tendon rupture Achilles tendon rupture Shin splints

Nonmusculoskeletal injuries of head (head injury) and neck

Intracranial

see neurotrauma

Extracranial/
facial trauma

eye:	Black eye Eye injury Corneal abrasion
ear:	Perforated eardrum

Either/both

Penetrating head injury

v t e Chest injury, excluding fractures
Cardiac and circulatory system injuries	vascular: Traumatic aortic rupture Thoracic aorta injury heart: Myocardial contusion/Commotio cordis Cardiac tamponade Hemopericardium Myocardial rupture
Lung and lower respiratory tract injuries	Pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary laceration Tracheobronchial injury Diaphragmatic rupture

v t e Nonmusculoskeletal injuries of abdomen and pelvis
Abdomen / GI	Ruptured spleen Blunt splenic trauma Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia Gastrointestinal perforation Liver injury Pancreatic injury
Pelvic	Uterine perforation Penile fracture

v t e General wounds and injuries
Abrasions	Abrasion Avulsion
Blisters	Blood blister Coma blister Delayed blister Edema blister Fracture blister Friction blister Sucking blister
Bruises	Hematoma/Ecchymosis Battle's sign Raccoon eyes Black eye Subungual hematoma Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Biting	Animal Insect Spider Snake
Other:	Ballistic trauma Stab wound Splinter Blunt trauma/superficial/closed Penetrating trauma/open Aerosol burn Burn/Corrosion/Chemical burn Frostbite Occupational injuries Traumatic amputation
By region	Hand injury Head injury Chest trauma Abdominal trauma

v t e Neurotrauma
Traumatic brain injury	Intracranial hemorrhage Intra-axial Intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage Extra-axial Subdural hematoma Epidural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Brain herniation Cerebral contusion Cerebral laceration Concussion Post-concussion syndrome Second-impact syndrome Dementia pugilistica Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Diffuse axonal injury Abusive head trauma Penetrating head injury
Spinal cord injury	Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brown-Séquard syndrome Cauda equina syndrome Central cord syndrome Paraplegia Posterior cord syndrome Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia)
Peripheral nerves	Nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury classification Wallerian degeneration Injury of accessory nerve Brachial plexus injury Traumatic neuroma

Trauma

Principles

Assessment

Clinical prediction rules	Abbreviated Injury Scale Injury Severity Score NACA score Revised Trauma Score
Investigations	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Management

Principles	Advanced trauma life support Damage control surgery Early appropriate care Trauma center Trauma surgery Trauma team
Procedures	Resuscitative thoracotomy

Pathophysiology

Injury	MSK Bone fracture Degloving Joint dislocation Soft tissue injury Resp Diaphragmatic rupture Flail chest Hemothorax Pneumothorax Pulmonary contusion Cardio Cardiac tamponade Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury GI Blunt kidney trauma Splenic injury Neuro Intracranial hemorrhage Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury
Mechanism	Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Crush injury Electrocution Gunshot wound Penetrating trauma Stab wound
Region	Abdominal trauma Chest injury Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury
Demographic	Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma

Complications

Inorganic

Metals

Toxic metals	Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Thallium Tin
Dietary minerals	Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc
Other non-toxic metals	Silver¹

Metalloids

Arsenic

Nonmetals

Organic

Phosphorus	Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates
Nitrogen	Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning
CHO	alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene

Pharmaceutical

Drug overdoses

Nervous	Alcohol Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Serotonergic substances Tricyclic antidepressants
Cardiovascular	Digoxin Dipyridamole

Vitamin poisoning

Biological²

Fish / Seafood	Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic
Other vertebrates	Amphibian Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin Birds Coturnism Mammal Snakes / Snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin
Arthropods	Arthropod bites and stings Bee sting / Bee venom Apamin Melittin Scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism Tick paralysis
Plants / Fungi	Cinchonism Ergotism Fish toxins Lathyrism Locoism Mushroom Strychnine
Related topics	Bite and Stinger plant Cnidocyte Venomous animals Poisonous animals Deadly fungus Mycotoxicology

Miscellaneous

¹Silver is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to argyria, which is rare. ² including venoms, toxins, foodborne illnesses.
Category Commons WikiProject

Consequences of external causes

Temperature

Elevated	Burn Hyperthermia Heat syncope
Reduced	Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Non-freezing cold injury Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum

Radiation

Oxygen

Pressure

Food

Starvation

Maltreatment

Travel

Adverse effect

Hypersensitivity

Adverse drug reaction

Other

Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors

Dermatosis neglecta
Pinch mark
Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
Sclerosing lymphangitis
Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
UV-sensitive syndrome
environmental skin conditions
- Electrical burn
frictional/traumatic/sports
Uranium dermatosis
iv use

Category
Commons
Glossary
Outline
Portal

v t e Animal bites and stings
Invertebrate	Arthropod Centipede Insect Ant Assassin bug Bed bug cimicosis Bee Flea pulicosis Mosquito Scorpion scorpionism Skin mite demodicosis Spider arachnidism Black widow spider latrodectism Recluse spider loxoscelism Millipede Bristleworm Cephalopod Cone snail Coral Hydroid Portuguese man-of-war Jellyfish Leech Sea anemone Sea urchin
Vertebrate	Alligator Bear Beaver Wild boar Cougar Coyote Crocodile Domestic cat Orca Leopard Lion Monkey Piranha Shark Snake Stingray Tiger Venomous fish Stonefish Walrus Wolf Dingo Dog
Other	Animal attack Cnidocyte Man-eater Stinging plant Seabather's eruption

Adverse drug reactions

Immunologics

Other drugs

General

Skin and body membranes

Other

Techniques:	General operation Quantitative High-resolution X-ray microtomography Electron beam Cone beam
Targets	Heart calcium scan angiography Abdominal and pelvis Virtual colonoscopy Angiography Coronary Pulmonary Head Thyroid Whole body imaging Full-body CT scan

Other

MRI

Ultrasound

Techniques
- doppler
- contrast-enhanced
- 3D
- endoscopic
- duplex
Echocardiography
- Doppler echocardiography
- TTE
- TEE
- ICE
Transcranial Doppler
Intravascular
Gynecologic
Obstetric
Echoencephalography
Abdominal ultrasonography
- renal
- renal tract
Rectal
Breast
Scrotal
Carotid
Emergency ultrasound
- FAST
- pre-hospital

Radionuclide

2D/scintigraphy

Cholescintigraphy Scintimammography Ventilation/perfusion scan Radionuclide ventriculography Radionuclide angiography Radioisotope renography Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy Radioactive iodine uptake test Bone scintigraphy Immunoscintigraphy Dacryoscintigraphy DMSA scan Gastric emptying study
Full body:	Octreotide scan Gallium-67 scan Ga-68-DOTATOC Indium-111 WBC scan

3D/ECT

SPECT (gamma ray):	Myocardial perfusion imaging
PET (positron):	Brain PET Cardiac PET PET mammography PET-CT PET-MRI

Optical/Laser

Thermography

Target conditions

Category

Components and results of urine tests

Components

Chemical properties

Abnormal findings

Red blood cells	Hematuria (Microscopic hematuria)
White blood cells	Eosinophiluria
Proteinuria	Albuminuria/Microalbuminuria Albumin/creatinine ratio Urine protein/creatinine ratio Myoglobinuria Hemoglobinuria Bence Jones protein
Small molecules	Glycosuria Ketonuria Bilirubinuria Hyperuricosuria Aminoaciduria
Other	Bacteriuria Chyluria Crystalluria

Clinical biochemistry blood tests

Proteins
- Human serum albumin
- Serum total protein
ALP
transaminases
- ALT
- AST
- AST/ALT ratio
GGT
Bilirubin
- Unconjugated
- Conjugated

Pancreas

Small molecules

Blood sugar level	Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia
Nitrogenous	Azotemia Hyperuricemia Hypouricemia

Proteins

LFT	Elevated transaminases Elevated ALP Hypoproteinemia Hypoalbuminemia Hyperproteinemia
Other	Elevated alpha-fetoprotein

v t e Hematology blood tests
Complete blood count	Hemoglobin Hematocrit Red blood cell count Red blood cell indices Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Mean corpuscular volume Red blood cell distribution width White blood cell count White blood cell differential Absolute neutrophil count Platelet count Mean platelet volume Reticulocyte count Reticulocyte index
Other tests of red blood cells	Blood volume Total blood volume (TBV) Plasma volume (PV) Red cell volume (RCV) Fetal hemoglobin Apt–Downey test Kleihauer–Betke test Hemoglobinopathy testing Hemoglobin electrophoresis Sickle solubility test Mentzer index Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Haptoglobin Monocyte distribution width (MDW) Osmotic fragility
Coagulation	Clotting factors Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time Thrombin time Activated clotting time Fibrinogen Bleeding time animal enzyme Reptilase time Ecarin clotting time Dilute Russell's viper venom time Thrombin generation assay Calibrated automated thrombogram ST Genesia-based test Thromboelastography Thrombodynamics test Overall hemostatic potential Coagulation activation markers Prothrombin fragments 1+2 Thrombin–antithrombin complex Fibrinopeptide A Fibrin monomers Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor Fibrinolysis Euglobulin lysis time D-Dimer Plasmin-α₂-antiplasmin complex Von Willebrand factor Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation Activated protein C resistance test aPTT-based activated protein C resistance test ETP-based activated protein C resistance test
Other	Blood film Blood viscosity Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride test Flow cytometry Immunophenotyping

v t e Medical tests on Cerebrospinal fluid (CPT 82000-84999)
Albumin	CSF albumin CSF/serum albumin ratio
Glucose	CSF glucose CSF/serum glucose ratio
Other	Baricity

v t e Medical tests used in immunology (CPT 86000–86849)
Immunoprecipitation	Chromatin immunoprecipitation Immunodiffusion Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion Radial immunodiffusion Immunoelectrophoresis Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Immunoassay	Chemiluminescent immunoassay ELISA ELISpot Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique RAST test Radioimmunoassay Radiobinding assay Immunofluorescence
Agglutination	Hemagglutination/Hemagglutinin Coombs test Latex fixation test
Other	Diagnostic immunology Nephelometry Complement fixation test Immunocytochemistry Immunohistochemistry Direct fluorescent antibody Epitope mapping Skin allergy test Patch test Total complement activity MELISA

v t e Autoantibodies
Anti-nuclear antibody	PBC: Anti-gp210 Anti-p62 Anti-sp100 ENA: Anti-topoisomerase/Scl-70 Anti-Jo1 ENA4 Anti-Sm Anti-nRNP Anti-Ro Anti-La Anti-centromere Anti-dsDNA Anti-histone
Anti-mitochondrial antibody	Anti-cardiolipin
Anti-cytoplasm antibody	Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic C-ANCA P-ANCA Anti-smooth muscle Anti-actin Anti-TPO/Antimicrosomal
Cell membrane	Anti-ganglioside Anti-GBM Anti-glutamate
Extracellular	Anti-thrombin Lupus anticoagulant Coeliac disease: Anti-transglutaminase Anti-gliadin not autoantibody RA Rheumatoid factor Anti-citrullinated peptide
Multiple locations	Anti-phospholipid Anti-apolipoprotein

v t e Blood transfusion and transfusion medicine
Blood products	Whole blood Platelets Platelet transfusion Red blood cells Plasma Fresh frozen plasma PF24 Cryoprecipitate Cryosupernatant White blood cells Granulocyte transfusion Blood substitutes
General concepts	Blood bank Blood donation Blood management International Society of Blood Transfusion ISBT 128
Methods	Apheresis (plasmapheresis, plateletpheresis, leukapheresis) Exchange transfusion Intraoperative blood salvage
Tests	Blood compatibility testing Cross-matching Coombs test Kleihauer–Betke test Antibody elution Monocyte monolayer assay
Transfusion reactions and adverse effects	Transfusion hemosiderosis Transfusion related acute lung injury Transfusion associated circulatory overload Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction Hemolytic reaction acute delayed Serum sickness Transfusion transmitted infection
Blood group systems	Blood types ABO Secretor status Augustine CD59 Chido-Rodgers Colton Cromer Diego Dombrock Duffy Er FORS Gerbich GIL GLOB Hh Ii Indian JR JMH KANNO Kell (Xk) Kidd Knops Lan Lewis Lutheran LW MNS OK P1PK Raph Rh and RHAG Scianna Sid T-Tn Vel Xg Yt Other

v t e Blood tests for infectious disease
Bacterial infection	syphilis Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test rapid plasma reagin Wassermann test Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test Abelin reaction Rickettsia Weil–Felix test Helicobacter HelicoCARE direct Streptococcus Anti-streptolysin O
Viral infection	HIV testing Branched DNA assay mChip Epstein–Barr virus Heterophile antibody test Dengue fever NS1 antigen test measles Warthin–Finkeldey cell Inclusion bodies Downie bodies B type inclusion Orthopoxvirus inclusion bodies rabies Negri bodies Cowdry bodies yellow fever Councilman body Tzanck test
Protozoan infection	toxoplasmosis Sabin–Feldman dye test malaria Diagnosis of malaria Schüffner's dots
Bloodstream infections	Blood culture Viremia Fungemia Parasitemia Algaemia
General	C-reactive protein Procalcitonin

v t e Pathology
Principles of pathology	Disease Infection Neoplasia Cause Pathogenesis Hemodynamics Ischemia Inflammation Cell damage Wound healing Cellular adaptation Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia Squamous Glandular Cell death Necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Caseous necrosis Fat necrosis Fibrinoid necrosis Myocytolysis Programmed cell death Apoptosis Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Accumulations pigment Hemosiderin Lipochrome/Lipofuscin Melanin Steatosis
Anatomical pathology	Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Oral and maxillofacial pathology Gross processing Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Immunofluorescence Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Clinical pathology	Clinical chemistry Hematopathology Transfusion medicine Medical microbiology Diagnostic immunology Immunopathology Enzyme assay Mass spectrometry Chromatography Flow cytometry Blood bank Microbiological culture Serology

v t e Medical test: Electrodiagnosis
Heart	Electrocardiography Fasegraphy Vectorcardiography Magnetocardiography
Central nervous system	Electroencephalography (Intracranial EEG, stereoelectroencephalography) Magnetoencephalography
Peripheral nervous system	Electromyography (Facial electromyography) Nerve conduction study
Ears	Electrocochleography
Eyes	Electronystagmography Electrooculography Electroretinography
Digestive system	Electrogastrogram Magnetogastrography Electrogustometry Electro-olfactography

Tests and procedures involving the central nervous system

Neurosurgery

Skull

Brain

Thalamus and globus pallidus	Thalamotomy Thalamic stimulator Pallidotomy
Ventricular system	Cerebral shunt Ventriculostomy Suboccipital puncture Intracranial pressure monitoring
Cerebrum	Psychosurgery Lobotomy Bilateral cingulotomy Multiple subpial transection Hemispherectomy Corpus callosotomy Anterior temporal lobectomy
Other	Pituitary gland Hypophysectomy Hippocampus Amygdalohippocampectomy Brain biopsy

Meninges

Meningeal biopsy

Spinal cord and spinal canal

Imaging

Diagnostic

Clinical prediction rules

Tests and procedures involving the heart

Surgery

Heart valves and septa	Valve repair Valvulotomy Mitral valve repair Valvuloplasty aortic mitral Valve replacement Aortic valve repair Aortic valve replacement Ross procedure Transcatheter Mitral valve replacement Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement production of septal defect in heart enlargement of existing septal defect Atrial septostomy Balloon septostomy creation of septal defect in heart Blalock–Hanlon procedure shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel atrium to pulmonary artery Fontan procedure left ventricle to aorta Rastelli procedure right ventricle to pulmonary artery Sano shunt compound procedures for transposition of the great vessels Arterial switch operation Mustard procedure Senning procedure for univentricular defect Norwood procedure Kawashima procedure shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel systemic circulation to pulmonary artery shunt Blalock–Taussig shunt SVC to the right PA Glenn procedure
Cardiac vessels	CHD Angioplasty Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB Off-pump CAB TECAB Coronary stent Bare-metal stent Drug-eluting stent Obstacle removal Endarterectomy Atherectomy Bentall procedure Valve-sparing aortic root replacement LeCompte maneuver
Other	Pericardium Pericardiocentesis Pericardial window Pericardiectomy Myocardium Cardiomyoplasty Dor procedure Septal myectomy Ventricular reduction Alcohol septal ablation Conduction system Maze procedure (Cox maze and minimaze) Catheter ablation Cryoablation Radiofrequency ablation Pacemaker insertion S-ICD implantation ICD implantation Cardiac resynchronization therapy Left atrial appendage occlusion Cardiotomy Heart transplantation

Tests

Electrophysiology

Electrocardiography

Vectorcardiography

Holter monitor

Implantable loop recorder

Cardiac stress test

Bruce protocol

Electrophysiology study

Myocardial perfusion imaging

Cardiovascular MRI

Ventriculography

Radionuclide ventriculography

Cardiac catheterization/Coronary catheterization

Cardiac CT

Cardiac PET

sound: Phonocardiogram

Function tests

Pacing

Category

Vascular surgery

Vascular and
Endovascular surgery

Arterial disease	Vascular bypass Angioplasty Atherectomy Endarterectomy Carotid endarterectomy Stenting Carotid stenting
Venous disease	Ambulatory phlebectomy Laser surgery Sclerotherapy Vein stripping
Arterial and venous access	Venous cutdown Arteriotomy Phlebotomy
Aortic aneurysm / dissection:	Endovascular aneurysm repair Open aortic surgery
Other	Cardiopulmonary bypass Cardioplegia Isolated organ perfusion technique Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Vascular access Revascularization First rib resection Seldinger technique Vascular snare

Medical imaging

Angiography	Digital subtraction angiography Cerebral angiography Aortography Fluorescein angiography Radionuclide angiography Magnetic resonance angiography
Venography	Portography Impedance phlebography
Ultrasound	Intravascular ultrasound Carotid ultrasonography

Other diagnostic

v t e Procedures relating to the haematopoetic and lymphatic systems
Bone marrow	Stem cell transplantation Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Thymus	Removal Transplantation
Spleen	Removal Transplantation
Lymph nodes	Lymphadenectomy Neck dissection Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection Lymph node biopsy
Tonsils	see Template:Procedures on the mouth and pharynx
Imaging	Lymphogram

Tests and procedures involving the eyes

Adnexa

Eyelids	Blepharoplasty East Asian blepharoplasty Epicanthoplasty Eyelid revision Hughes procedure Tarsorrhaphy
Lacrimal system	Dacryocystorhinostomy Punctoplasty

Globe

Refractive surgery	Alpins method Automated lamellar keratoplasty Conductive keratoplasty Corneal inlay Epikeratophakia Epi-LASIK Intrastromal corneal ring segment Keratomileusis Laser blended vision Laser eye surgery Laser thermal keratoplasty LASIK Contoura Vision Limbal relaxing incisions Phakic intraocular lens implantation Photorefractive keratectomy Radial keratotomy SMILE
Cataract surgery	Capsulorhexis Capsulotomy Glued intraocular lens Hydrodelineation Hydrodissection Intraocular lens scaffold Manual small incision cataract surgery Phacoemulsification Prechop
Retinal surgery	Ignipuncture Laser photocoagulation Scleral buckle
Glaucoma surgery	Cyclodestruction Excimer laser trabeculostomy Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery Trabeculectomy Trabeculoplasty
Transplantation	Whole eye transplantation Corneal transplantation Corneal button Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty Pre-Descemet's endothelial keratoplasty
Other	Anterior chamber paracentesis Boston keratoprosthesis Corneal collagen cross-linking Enucleation Conformer Evisceration Gundersen flap Intravitreal injection Iridectomy Peritomy Photodisruption Phototherapeutic keratectomy Pterygium Sclerotomy Vitrectomy

Plaque radiotherapy

History

v t e Tests and procedures on the ear
Outer ear	Otoplasty
Middle ear	Myringotomy Stapedectomy Tympanoplasty Tympanocentesis Myringoplasty
Inner ear	Mastoidectomy
Tests	Epley maneuver Caloric reflex test Auditory brainstem response Electronystagmography

Procedures relating to the mouth and pharynx

Mouth

lip:	Labial frenectomy Lip lift Lip augmentation Cheiloplasty
tongue:	Lingual frenectomy Genioglossus advancement Glossectomy
teeth:	see Template:Endodontology
gingiva:	see Template:Periodontology

Oropharynx

palate:	Palatoplasty Pharyngeal flap surgery
tonsil:	Tonsillectomy Adenoidectomy
uvula:	Uvulotomy Uvulopalatoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Tests and procedures involving the respiratory system

Surgery

Upper RT	nose Rhinoplasty Septoplasty Somnoplasty Alarplasty Rhinectomy Rhinomanometry Acoustic rhinometry sinus Sinusotomy larynx Laryngoscopy Laryngectomy Laryngotomy Thyrotomy Laryngotracheal reconstruction
Lower RT	trachea Cricothyrotomy Tracheoesophageal puncture Tracheotomy bronchus Bronchoscopy lung Pneumonectomy Lobectomy Wedge resection Transplantation Decortication Heart–lung transplant
Chest wall, pleura, mediastinum, and diaphragm	pleura/pleural cavity Thoracentesis Pleurodesis Thoracoscopy Thoracotomy Chest tube mediastinum Mediastinoscopy Nuss procedure

Tests

Medical imaging	Bronchography CT pulmonary angiogram High-resolution computed tomography Spiral CT Ventilation/perfusion scan
Clinical prediction rule	Pneumonia severity index CURB-65
Lung function test	Body plethysmography Spirometry Bronchial challenge test Capnography Diffusion capacity Impulse oscillometry
Cytology	Bronchoalveolar lavage Nasopharyngeal swab Sputum culture
Other	Blood gas test

Other procedures

Oxygen therapy	Intubation Surgical airway management Mechanical ventilation Negative pressure ventilator Positive pressure ventilation
Respiratory therapy	Artificial respiration CPR Hyperbaric medicine Decompression chamber Heliox Nebulizer Postural drainage Hyperinflation therapy Pulmonary hygiene Pulmonary rehabilitation

Tests and procedures involving the human digestive system

Digestive system surgery

Digestive tract

Upper GI tract

SGs / Esophagus	Esophagectomy Heller myotomy Sialography Impedance–pH monitoring Esophageal pH monitoring Esophageal motility study Functional Lumen Imaging Probe High resolution manometry
Stomach	Sengstaken–Blakemore tube) Nasogastric tube Gastric lavage Bariatric surgery Adjustable gastric band Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty Gastric bypass surgery Sleeve gastrectomy Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery Collis gastroplasty Gastrectomy Billroth I Billroth II Roux-en-Y Gastroenterostomy Gastropexy Gastrostomy Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Esophagogastric dissociation Hill repair Nissen fundoplication Pyloromyotomy Schilling test
Medical imaging	Endoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Barium swallow Upper gastrointestinal series

Lower GI tract

Small bowel	Bariatric surgery Duodenal switch Jejunoileal bypass Bowel resection Ileostomy Intestine transplantation Jejunostomy Partial ileal bypass surgery Strictureplasty
Large bowel	Appendectomy Colectomy Colonic polypectomy Colostomy Hartmann's operation
Rectum	Abdominoperineal resection Lower anterior resection Total mesorectal excision
Anal canal	Anal sphincterotomy Anorectal manometry Lateral internal sphincterotomy Rubber band ligation Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
Medical imaging	Endoscopy: Colonoscopy Anoscopy Capsule endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal series Small-bowel follow-through Transrectal ultrasonography Virtual colonoscopy
Stool tests	Fecal fat test Fecal pH test Stool guaiac test

Accessory

Liver	Artificial extracorporeal liver support Bioartificial liver devices Liver dialysis Hepatectomy Liver biopsy Liver transplantation Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS] Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
Gallbladder, bile duct	Cholecystectomy Cholecystostomy ERCP Hepatoportoenterostomy Medical imaging: Cholangiography IV MRCP PTC Cholecystography Cholescintigraphy
Pancreas	Frey's procedure Pancreas transplantation Pancreatectomy Pancreaticoduodenectomy Puestow procedure

Abdominopelvic

Peritoneum	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Intraperitoneal injection Laparoscopy Omentopexy Paracentesis Peritoneal dialysis
Hernia	Hernia repair Inguinal hernia surgery Femoral hernia repair

Other

Clinical prediction rules

v t e Test and procedures involving the endocrine system
Pancreas	Islet cell transplantation see also digestive system procedures
Pituitary	Hypophysectomy Transsphenoidal surgery Combined rapid anterior pituitary evaluation panel
Thyroid	Thyroidectomy Parathyroidectomy Tests Radioactive iodine uptake test Sestamibi parathyroid scan TRH stimulation test
Adrenal gland	Adrenalectomy Tests Dexamethasone suppression test ACTH stimulation test Captopril suppression test Fluid deprivation test
Pineal gland	Pinealectomy

Tests and procedures on the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Skin

Escharotomy Suture Skin grafting Mohs surgery Free flap Rotation flap TRAM flap Electrodesiccation and curettage Cryosurgery Skin biopsy Excision
Rhytidectomy Liposuction Z-plasty
Medical imaging Wood's lamp

Hair

Hair transplantation

v t e Tests and procedures involving the breast
Breast surgery	Breast-conserving surgery Lumpectomy Segmental resection Wide local excision Quadrantectomy Mastectomy Radical mastectomy Breast augmentation Trans-umbilical breast augmentation Mammaplasty Breast implant Breast reduction SPAIR Mastopexy Breast reconstruction Interventions on the Lactiferous ducts Ductal lavage Ductoscopy Microdochectomy Central duct excision
Breast imaging	Mammography Positron emission mammography Tomosynthesis Xeromammography Galactography Breast MRI Breast ultrasound Automated whole-breast ultrasound Scintimammography Elastography
Other	Breast biopsy Fine-needle aspiration Breast cancer screening Breast self-examination Ductal lavage Breast duct endoscopy

v t e Tests and procedures on muscle and soft tissue
Muscle	Myotomy Heller myotomy Muscle biopsy Electromyography
Tendon	Tenotomy Tendon transfer
Fascia	Fasciotomy
Bursa	Bursectomy
Other	Amputation Hemipelvectomy Hemicorporectomy Replantation

Procedures involving bones and joints

Orthopedic surgery

Bones

Face	Jaw reduction Orthognathic surgery Chin augmentation
Spine	Coccygectomy Laminotomy Laminectomy Laminoplasty Corpectomy Facetectomy Foraminotomy Vertebral fixation Vertebral augmentation
Arm	Acromioplasty
Leg	Femoral head ostectomy Astragalectomy Distraction osteogenesis Ilizarov apparatus Phemister graft
General	Ostectomy Bone grafting Osteotomy Epiphysiodesis Reduction Internal fixation External fixation Tension band wiring

Cartilage

Joints

Spine	Arthrodesis Spinal fusion Intervertebral discs Discectomy Annuloplasty Arthroplasty
Arm	Shoulder surgery Shoulder replacement Bankart repair Weaver–Dunn procedure Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction Hand surgery Brunelli procedure Finger joint replacement
Leg	Hip resurfacing Hip replacement Rotationplasty Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Knee replacement/Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Ankle fusion Ankle replacement Broström procedure Triple arthrodesis
General	Arthrotomy Arthroplasty Synovectomy Arthroscopy Joint replacement imaging: Arthrogram Arthrocentesis Arthroscopic lavage

Tests and procedures involving the urinary system

General

Imaging	Urinary tract ultrasound Pyelogram Intravenous Retrograde Antegrade Gas CT urogram Abdominal x-ray Radioisotope renography Cystography Retrograde urethrogram Voiding cystourethrography Urodynamic testing Cystometry
Other	Urinary catheterization Kidney dialysis Lithotripsy Laser lithotripsy Extracorporeal shockwave therapy Urinalysis

Tests and procedures involving the female reproductive system

Gynecological surgery

Ovaries

Fallopian tubes

Uterus

General:	Genitoplasty Hysterectomy Hysterotomy Pelvic exenteration Uterine artery embolization Transplantation
Uterine cavity:	Hysteroscopy Vacuum aspiration
Endometrium:	Endometrial biopsy Endometrial ablation
Myometrium:	Uterine myomectomy
Cervix:	Colposcopy Cervical conization LEEP Cervical cerclage Cervical screening (pap test) Cervicectomy Pessary insertion

Vagina

Vulva

Medical imaging

Tests and procedures involving the male reproductive system

Prostate

Seminal vesicles

Spermatocelectomy

Vas deferens

Testes

Penis

Circumcision Penectomy Penile implant Preputioplasty
Foreskin restoration Frenuloplasty of prepuce of penis Penile Frenulectomy Penile plethysmography Postage stamp test

Other tests

Tests and procedures relating to pregnancy and childbirth

Maternal tests

Fetal tests

Imaging	Obstetric ultrasonography Nuchal scan Anomaly scan Crown-rump length Fetal movement counting Contraction stress test Nonstress test Vibroacoustic stimulation Biophysical profile Amniotic fluid index
Sampling	Chorionic villus sampling Amniocentesis Triple test Quad test Fetoscopy Fetal scalp blood testing Fetal scalp stimulation test Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling Apt test Kleihauer–Betke test Lung maturity Lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio Lamellar body count Fetal fibronectin test
Other	Cardiotocography

Interventions

Delivery

Vaginal delivery

Induction	Assisted vaginal delivery Artificial rupture of membranes Episiotomy Symphysiotomy Obstetrical forceps Vacuum extraction Odon device
Dystocia management	McRoberts maneuver Wood's screw maneuver Zavanelli maneuver
Third stage of labor	Manual placenta removal

Caesarean section

Postpartum bleeding

v t e Surgery
subspecialties	Cardiac surgery Cardiothoracic surgery Colorectal surgery Eye surgery General surgery Neurosurgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthopedic surgery Hand surgery Otolaryngology ENT Pediatric surgery Plastic surgery Reproductive surgery Surgical oncology Transplant surgery Trauma surgery Urology Andrology Vascular surgery
General procedures	Incision and drainage Endoscopy Intubation Tamponade Balloon tamponade Therapeutic irrigation Antiseptic lavage Joint replacement

v t e Chiropractic
Chiropractic	History Sports chiropractic Veterinary chiropractic Controversy and criticism
Techniques	Cervical manipulation Activator technique Gonstead technique Koren Specific Technique Manual therapy Myofascial release Spinal adjustment Torque release technique
Education	Schools Credentials
Accrediting bodies	CCEI CCE-USA
International organizations	WFC FICS
People	D.D. Palmer B.J. Palmer Joseph C. Keating Jr. Joseph Janse Clarence Gonstead Tedd Koren
Category

Techniques:	General operation Quantitative High-resolution X-ray microtomography Electron beam Cone beam
Targets	Heart calcium scan angiography Abdominal and pelvis Virtual colonoscopy Angiography Coronary Pulmonary Head Thyroid Whole body imaging Full-body CT scan

Other

MRI

Ultrasound

Techniques
- doppler
- contrast-enhanced
- 3D
- endoscopic
- duplex
Echocardiography
- Doppler echocardiography
- TTE
- TEE
- ICE
Transcranial Doppler
Intravascular
Gynecologic
Obstetric
Echoencephalography
Abdominal ultrasonography
- renal
- renal tract
Rectal
Breast
Scrotal
Carotid
Emergency ultrasound
- FAST
- pre-hospital

Radionuclide

2D/scintigraphy

Cholescintigraphy Scintimammography Ventilation/perfusion scan Radionuclide ventriculography Radionuclide angiography Radioisotope renography Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy Radioactive iodine uptake test Bone scintigraphy Immunoscintigraphy Dacryoscintigraphy DMSA scan Gastric emptying study
Full body:	Octreotide scan Gallium-67 scan Ga-68-DOTATOC Indium-111 WBC scan

3D/ECT

SPECT (gamma ray):	Myocardial perfusion imaging
PET (positron):	Brain PET Cardiac PET PET mammography PET-CT PET-MRI

Optical/Laser

Thermography

Target conditions

Category

Radiation oncology

Specific
therapies

Teletherapy¹

by photon	Superficial X-rays Orthovoltage X-rays Megavoltage X-rays Radiosurgery / Stereotactic radiation therapy Cyberknife Gamma Knife Cobalt therapy
by electron	Electron therapy
by hadron	Particle therapy fast neutron neutron-capture proton

Brachytherapy²

Prostate
- ¹²⁵I
- ¹⁰³Pd
Plaque radiotherapy (¹²⁵I)
Selective internal radiation therapy / SIR-Spheres / TheraSphere (⁹⁰Y)

Unsealed source
radiotherapy3

Other

Conditions

Features and
equipment

¹ Also known as external-beam radiotherapy.
² Also known as sealed-source radiation therapy.
³ Also known as systemic radioisotope therapy.

v t e Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Physical rehabilitation disciplines	Physical therapy Occupational therapy Speech and language pathology
Education	Doctor of Physical Therapy Master of Physical Therapy Physical therapy education
Intervention techniques	Aquatic therapy Cryotherapy Debridement Diathermy Eccentric training Electrotherapy Gait training Heat therapy (Thermotherapy) Hydrotherapy Iontophoresis Joint manipulation Joint mobilization Soft tissue therapy Splint Strength training Traction Therapeutic ultrasound
Professional associations and regulatory agencies	American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties American Occupational Therapy Association American Physical Therapy Association American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy World Confederation of Physical Therapy World Federation of Occupational Therapists
Other related articles	Allied health professions Assistive technology Disability Evidence-based practice Pain management Physical therapy practice act

Psychological and psychiatric evaluation and testing

Intelligence tests

Personality tests

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 16PF Questionnaire Revised NEO Personality Inventory
Projective tests	Thematic apperception test Ink blot test (Rorschach test, Holtzman inkblot test) Szondi test Animal Metaphor Test Sentence completion tests

Neuropsychological test

Other tests

Psychotherapy

Schools

Psychodynamic	Adlerian therapy Analytical therapy Mentalization-based treatment Psychoanalysis Transference focused psychotherapy
Cognitive and behavioral	Clinical behavior analysis Acceptance and commitment therapy Functional analytic psychotherapy Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Rational emotive behavior therapy
Humanistic	Emotionally focused therapy Existential therapy Focusing Gestalt therapy Logotherapy Person-centered therapy
Other	Art therapy Dance therapy Feminist therapy Music therapy Narrative therapy Play therapy Reality therapy Systemic therapy Transactional analysis List
Integrative	Eclectic psychotherapy Multimodal therapy Transtheoretical model

Approaches

Research

Techniques

Behaviour therapy	Aversion therapy Chaining Contingency management Shaping Stimulus control Token economy Counterconditioning Desensitization/Exposure therapy Systematic desensitization
Other individual therapy	Autogenic training Biofeedback Clean language Cognitive restructuring Emotion regulation Affect labeling Free association Homework Hypnotherapy Modeling
Group psychotherapy	Co-therapy Couples therapy Family therapy Psychodrama Sensitivity training

People

Associations

Routes of administration, dosage forms

Oral

Digestive tract (enteral)

Solids	Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system
Liquids	Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Tincture

Oral mucosa (buccal, sublabial, sublingual)

Solids	Orally disintegrating tablet Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent tablet Chewing gum
Liquids	Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Spray

Respiratory tract (inhalation)

Solids	Dry-powder inhaler Smoking	0 0
Liquids	Anesthetic vaporizer Heated humidified high-flow therapy Medical inhalants Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) Nebulizer Vaporizer
Gas	Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Medical inhalants Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic,
otic, nasal

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Extra-amniotic infusion

Intravesical infusion

DMSO solution

Transfersome vesicles

(into tissue/blood)

Skin (transdermal)	Intradermal Subcutaneous Injector pen Transdermal implant
Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular
Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural
Circulatory, musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-controlled analgesia pump PIC line

v t e Medical instruments and implants
Diagnostics and research	Laboratory diagnosis & research Microbiology Pathology Radiology Toxicology
Sterilization	Microbiological sterilization, disinfection, quarantine & biological waste management
Fundamental clinical specializations	Dentistry General medicine General surgery
System non-specific clinical specializations	Anesthesiology Oncology Plastic surgery
System specific clinical specialties	Cardiology Dermatology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics & Gynecology Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Pulmonology Psychiatry Urology Vascular surgery
Post-mortem examinations	Anatomy Forensic sciences

Surgical instruments

Dissecting

Scalpel	Catlin RF knife Liston knife Lancet Von Graefe knife
Surgical scissors	Bandage scissors Iris scissors Mayo scissors Metzenbaum scissors Tenotomy scissors
Other	Bone cutter Curette Dermatome Drill Cranial Dental Osteotome Rasp Rongeur Trocar