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stephen2nd Stephen2nd (talk) 23:45, 21 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

 LABEL


three points argent



Cross gules


Fleur-de-lis or


Ermine spot


Torteau gules


Heraldic labels are used to differentiate the individual coats of arms of members of the royal family of the United Kingdom. In the Gallo-British heraldic tradition, cadency marks have been available to "difference" the arms of a son from those of his father, and the arms of brothers from each other, and traditionally this was often done when it was considered important for each man to have a distinctive individual coat of arms and/or to differentiate the arms of the head of a house from junior members of the family. This was especially important in the case of arms of sovereignty, since someone who displayed the undifferenced arms of a kingdom would be heraldically claiming the throne. Therefore in the English royal family, systematic cadency marks were used from the time of Henry III of England, typically a label or bordure alluding to the arms of the bearer's mother or wife. For the next three generations, the heir apparent differenced with a label azure, while other sons used a label or bordure of a different tincture, or bearing charges. After about 1340, when Edward III of England made a claim to the throne of France, a blue label did not contrast sufficiently with the blue field of the French quarter of the royal arms; accordingly the heir apparent used a label argent.[1] Bordures of various tinctures continued to be used into the 15th century.

The label

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In the ordinary system of differences a label of three points (which has also been termed a file with three labels) is the distinction of the eldest son during the lifetime of his father. In the oldest rolls of arms the labels are all of five points; but labels of three points were at an early period used interchangeably. Labels are the principal cadency marks used in certain royal families. In the British royal family, all labels are argent (white). The sons and daughters of the sovereign all bear labels of three points argent; that of the Prince of Wales is plain, but all others are charged. Further descendants of princes bear labels of five points charged. All such differences should be borne on the arms, crest, and supporters.
The system of a special mark for difference for each member of the family goes back to the time of Henry III, whose successor, as a prince, placed such a mark on the shield of England. Since 1340 this label has almost always been white, and overlaid with small figures, or charges, such as red crosses of St George.[2] This red cross represents England and its patron saint, and was first borne by Richard of Bordeaux (future king Richard II) before the death of his father the Black Prince in 1376. Other charges used include the blue fleur-de-lis, the Ermine spot, and the Torteau.

Labels by order of succession

[edit]
Arms Recipient  LABEL
Warrant Father
Mother
Precedence
House of
Lancaster
Lionel, Duke of Clarence
(1338-1368)
1362 F&M
John of Gaunt,
1st Duke of Lancaster

(1340-1399)






Edward III
Philippa of Hainault
Henry IV of England
(1366-1413)










John of Gaunt
Blanche of Lancaster
Henry IV of England









Henry V of England
(1387-1422)
Henry IV of England
Mary de Bohun
heir apparent
1399–1413
Thomas, Duke of Clarence
(1388-1421)






pre- 1412 Henry IV
Mary de Bohun
heir apparent
1399–1413
John, Duke of Bedford
(1389-1435)










Henry IV
Mary de Bohun
heir presumptive
1421-1435
Edmund, Duke of York
(1341-1402)






pre- 1385 Edward III
Philippa of Hainault
Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York
(1373-1415)
L1 L2 L3 Edmund of Langley
Infanta Isabella of Castile
Richard, 3rd Duke of York
(1412-1460)






Richard of Conisburgh
Anne de Mortimer
Edward IV of England
(1442-83)






Richard, 3rd Duke of York
Cecily Neville
Richard, Duke of York
(1472-1483)






pre- 1472 Edward IV
Elizabeth Woodville
heir presumptive
1483–1483
Edmund 2nd Duke of York
(1443-1460)
L1 L2 L3 pre- 1459 Richard, 3rd Duke of York
Cecily Neville
George, Duke of Clarence
(1449-1477)
L1 L2 L3 pre- 1461 Richard, 3rd Duke of York
Cecily Neville
heir presumptive
1461–1466
Richard III of England
(1452-1485)
L1 L2 L3 Richard, 3rd Duke of York
Cecily Neville


Labels by order of birth

[edit]
Recipient Born  LABEL
Edward I b.1239
d.1307
Edmund Crouchback b.1245
d.1296






Alphonso, Earl of Chester b.1273
d.1284
Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster b.1278
d.1322






Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster b.1281
d.1345






Edward II of England b.1284
d.1327
Thomas, earl of Norfolk b.1300
d.1338
Edward III of England b.1312
d.1277
Edward, the Black Prince b.1330
d.1376
Lional Duke of Clarence
(X=5)
b.1338
d.1368
John, Duke of Lancaster b.1340
d.1399






Edmund, Duke of York b.1341
d.1402






Henry IV of England
(X=5)
b.1366
d.1413






n (X=5)





Richard II of England b.1367
d.1400
As prince of wales b
Edward, Earl of Rutland b.1373
d.1415
ppale cast leon
Henry V of England b.1387
d.1422
Thomas, Duke of Clarence b.1388
d.1421






John, Duke of Bedford
(X=5)
b.1389
d.1435






Richard, 3rd Duke of York b.1412
d.1460






House of Plantagenet (1154-1485)

[edit]
    • Henry III (1206-72)
  • Edward I (1239-1307) until 1272: label azure
  • Alphonso, earl of Chester (1273-84) label azure
  • Edward II (1284-1327) until 1307: label azure
  • Edward III (1312-77) until 1327: label azure
  • Edward, Prince of Wales 1343 (1330-76) label argent
  • Richard II (1367-1400) until 1376: label argent on the center point a cross gules
Prince of Wales: label argent
  • Lionel, duke of Clarence 1362 (1338-68) label of 5 points argent on each point a cross gules
  • John, duke of Lancaster (1340-99) label ermine
  • Henry IV (1366-1413) before 1399: label of five points ermine.1399: label of 5 points per pale ermine and France
  • Henry V (1387-1422) Prince of Wales: 3-point label argent
    • Henry VI (1421-71)
  • Thomas, duke of Clarence 1412 (1388-1421) label of 3 points ermine
  • John, duke of Bedford (1389-1435) label of 5 points per pale ermine and France
    • Humphrey, duke of Gloucester 1414 (1391-1447) bordure argent
    • John Beaufort, legitimated, earl of Somerset 1397 (1372-1410) bordure gobony argent and azure
    • Thomas, earl of Dorset, duke of Exeter 1416 (1377-1427) bordure gobony azure and ermine
  • Edmund, duke of York 1385 (1341-1402), m. Isabella of Castile label argent on each point 3 torteaux
  • Edward, earl of Rutland 1390, duke of Albermarle 1397, 2d duke of York (1373-1415) before 1402: label 3-point per pale Castile and Leon
    • Richard, earl of Cambridge (1375-1415) bordure Leon
  • Richard, 3d duke of York (1412-60) label argent on each point 3 torteaux
  • Edward IV (1442-83) label argent on each point 3 torteaux
    • Edward V (1470-83)
  • Richard, duke of York 1472 (1472-83) label argent on the first point a canton gules
  • Edmund, earl of Rutland 1459 (1443-60) label argent per pale lions purpure (Leon) and torteaux (York)
  • George, duke of Clarence 1461 (1449-77) label argent on each point canton gules
  • Richard III (1452-85) duke of Gloucester 1461: label ermine on each point canton gules
    • Thomas, duke of Gloucester 1385 (1356-97) bordure argent
    • John, earl of Cornwall (1316-36) bordure France
  • Thomas, earl of Norfolk (1300-38) label argent
    • Edmund, earl of Kent 1321 (1301-30) bordure argent
    • Edward, 2d earl of Kent (1327-33) bordure argent
    • John, 3d earl of Kent (1330-52) bordure argent
  • Edmund, earl of Lancaster (1245-96), m. Blanche of Artois 1275 label France
  • Thomas, 2d earl of Lancaster (d. 1322) label France
  • Henry, 3d earl of Lancaster (d. 1345) until 1322: bend azure; after 1322: label France
  • Richard, earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans (1209-72) argent a lion gules crowned or within a bordure sable besanty or

Stephen2nd (talk) 13:16, 19 December 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Labels of York

[edit]
HOUSE of YORK (1461-1470)
Name Title Royal
Warrant
LABEL
Notes
Edward IV of England
(1442-1483)
t





notes
Edmund, Earl of Rutland
(1443-1460)
t 1459 ? ? ? ? ? ? notes / argent per pale lions purpure (Leon) and torteaux (York) xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxx
George, Duke of Clarence
(1449-1477)
t 1461 notes
Richard III of England
(1452-1485)
duke of Gloucester 1461  
 
 




notes
Richard, Duke of York
(1472-1483)
t 1472 notes
House of Tudor (1485-1603)
  • Henry VIII (1491-1547) Duke of York 1494: label ermine
House of Stuart (1603-1714)
James I (1566-1625):
Duke of York 1605: 3-torteaux 3-torteaux 3-torteaux
  • Prince of Wales 1616: --- --- ---
  • (1630-85) Charles II Prince of Wales 1646: --- --- ---
  • (1633-1701) James II Duke of York 1643,
Duke of Albany 1660: 3-point label ermine
(inescutcheon of Denmark (or semy of hearts gules three lions passant azure crowned or)
  • (1720-88) Charles-Edward --- --- --- (P)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ A Complete Guide to Heraldry by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (1909), p. 494. (Online texts at http://www.archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft or http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~bprince/hr/foxdavies/index.htm .)
  2. ^ Ottfried Neubecker & John Brooke-Little: Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning (1997). ISBN 0316641413. "Signs of Differencing" (pp. 96–97).