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Works of Fanny Cradock

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Cradock in 1976

Phyllis Nan Sortain "Primrose" Pechey (1909–1994), better known as Fanny Cradock, was an English writer, restaurant critic and television cook.

From 1942 Cradock, writing under the name Frances Dale, published a series of romantic novels; she also used the pseudonym as her by-line when she was the editor of the Sunday Graphic, a position she held for four years.[1][2] In 1948 she, with her partner Major Johnnie Cradock, joined The Daily Telegraph, writing a food and drink column under the nom de plume "Bon Viveur".[1] The columns were published in book form, and the Cradocks produced several works detailing travels around European eateries.[1][3] From 1955 Cradock began appearing on television[4] either on her own, or with Johnnie. According to her biographer Paul Levy, his character was portrayed as "the subservient sidekick, good only for handing Fanny her frying pan and knowing which wine to serve".[1] According to Eddie Dyja, writing for the British Film Institute, Fanny's onscreen character was, "bossy, [with] no-nonsense delivery, and [an] unusual penchant for glamour".[5]

From 1975 Cradock published a series of ten historical novels set at the fictional "Castle Rising". According to the author's foreword to The Lormes of Castle Rising (1975), when Cradock began writing the book in 1966, she was unaware of the existence of a real Castle Rising in Norfolk. The novels, while fiction, take some inspiration from Cradock's own genealogy; for example, the crest of the Lormes features the same astrolabe as the crest of her Norman ancestor Gilbert de Peche.[6]

Television work

[edit]
Television appearances of Cradock
Programme[7][8][9] Date Channel Role Notes Ref.
Kitchen Magic 17 February 1955 BBC Participant [4]
Television Tea Party 26 September 1955 BBC Participant [7][10]
Fanny's Kitchen 5 October 1955 – 28 December 1956 ITV Presenter Series 1; 13 episodes [7]
The Cradocks Are Frying Tonight 4 November 1955 BBC Presenter [11]
The Cradocks Are Frying Tonight 4 November 1955 BBC Presenter An evening dress version of the afternoon programme [12]
Challenge in the Kitchen 10 January 1956 BBC Participant [13]
Chez Bon Viveur 30 April – 23 July 1956 ITV Presenter 13 episodes [7]
Bon Viveur: Gala Christmas Dinner 11 December 1956 BBC Presenter Live broadcast from the Royal Albert Hall [14]
Fanny's Kitchen 10 January – 4 April 1957 ITV Presenter Series 2; 13 episodes [7]
Mainly for Women 11 September 1958 BBC Participant [15]
Lucky Dip: The Junior Newspaper Series 10 February – 10 May 1959 ITV Presenter Series 1; 13 episodes [7]
The Cradocks 25 September – 18 December 1959 ITV Presenter Series 1 [7]
Lucky Dip: The Junior Newspaper Series 5 January – 29 March 1960 ITV Presenter Series 2; 13 episodes [7]
Late Extra 13 April – 22 June 1960 ITV Presenter 11 episodes [7]
Fanny's Kitchen 17 February 1961 – 12 May 1961 ITV Presenter Series 3; 13 episodes [7]
For Deaf Children 20 November 1961 BBC Participant [16]
Fanny's Kitchen 22 February – 17 May 1962 ITV Presenter Series 4; 13 episodes [7]
Tuesday Rendezvous 10 April 1962, 28 August 1962 and 6 August 1963 ITV Participant [7]
Home at One-Thirty 17 April 1962 BBC Participant [17]
Home at One-Thirty 5 June 1962 BBC Participant [18]
The Cradocks 25 September – 2 October 1962 ITV Presenter Series 2; 4 episodes [7]
Living Today 25 September 1962 – 7 May 1963 BBC Participant In 14 episodes [19]
Beginning to Cook 11 January – 15 February 1963 BBC Presenter 6 episodes [20]
Kitchen Party 14 October – 25 November 1963 BBC Presenter 6 episodes [21]
Learning to Cook 28 December 1963 – 18 January 1964 BBC Presenter 6 episodes [22]
Home Cooking 25 April – 27 June 1965 BBC Presenter 10 programmes [23]
Kitchen Party 4 – 18 August 1965 BBC Presenter 3 programmes [24]
Adventurous Cooking with Fanny Cradock 17 April – 19 June 1966 BBC Presenter 10 programmes [25]
Outlook for Tuesday: Home Cooking 26 July – 27 September 1966 BBC Presenter 10 programmes [26]
Juke Box Jury 17 September 1966 BBC Participant [27]
Christmas Cooking 1 – 15 December 1966 BBC Presenter 3 programmes [28]
Problem Cooking 2 – 30 March 1967 BBC Presenter 5 programmes [29]
Ten Classic Dishes 16 January – 19 March 1968 BBC Presenter 10 programmes [30]
Fanny Cradock: Colourful Cookery 1 October – 31 December 1968 BBC Presenter 13 episodes [31]
Giving A Dinner Party 4 July – 26 September 1969 BBC Presenter 13 episodes [32]
Fanny Cradock Invites... 22 July – 14 October 1970 BBC Presenter 13 episodes [33]
Score with the Scaffold 28 August 1970 BBC Participant [34]
The Generation Game 30 October 1971 BBC Participant [35]
Call My Bluff 17 and 24 January 1972 BBC Participant 2 episodes [36]
Nationwide: Fanny Cradock Cooks Nationwide Into Europe 9 March – 31 May 1972 BBC Participant 7 episodes [37]
Password 1 April and 20 August 1974 BBC Participant 2 episodes [38]
Fanny Cradock Cooks for Christmas 15 – 19 December 1975 BBC Presenter 5 episodes [39]
The Big Time "Gwen Troake's Banquet" 11 November 1976 BBC Participant [40]
Pebble Mill at One 11 December 1981 BBC Participant [41]
Windmill 29 December 1985 BBC Participant [42]
The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross 3 April 1987 Channel 4 Participant [43]

Novels

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Pages OCLC
Scorpion's Suicide Frances Dale 1942 Hurst and Blackett 232 OCLC 315897342
Women Must Wait Frances Dale 1944 Hurst and Blackett 184 OCLC 558678454
The Rags of Time Frances Dale 1944 Hurst and Blackett 180 OCLC 752521557
The Land is in Good Heart Frances Dale 1945 Hurst and Blackett 180 OCLC 752521549
My Seed – Thy Harvest Frances Dale 1946 Hurst and Blackett 271 OCLC 10420389
O Daughter of Babylon Frances Dale 1947 Hurst and Blackett 320 OCLC 558678384
The Echo in the Cup Frances Dale 1949 Hurst and Blackett 239 OCLC 843074279
Gateway to Remembrance Phyllis Cradock 1949 Andrew Dakers 361 OCLC 37220320
The Eternal Echo Phyllis Cradock 1950 Andrew Dakers 276 OCLC 560216248
The Shadow of Heaven Frances Dale 1950 Hurst and Blackett 221 OCLC 752521561
The Dark Reflection Frances Dale 1950 Hurst and Blackett 208 OCLC 752521525
The Lormes of Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1975 W. H. Allen & Co. 340 OCLC 1530007
Shadows Over Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1976 W. H. Allen & Co. 351 OCLC 2811552
War Comes to Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1977 W. H. Allen & Co. 337 OCLC 3914865
Wind of Change at Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1978 W. H. Allen & Co. 260 OCLC 4932043
Uneasy Peace at Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1979 W. H. Allen & Co. 228 OCLC 6568075
Thunder Over Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1980 W. H. Allen & Co. 227 OCLC 7782209
Gathering Clouds at Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1981 W. H. Allen & Co. 238 OCLC 8328514
Fateful Years at Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1982 W. H. Allen & Co. 288 OCLC 18205250
Defence of Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1984 W. H. Allen & Co. 237 OCLC 18205232
Loneliness of Castle Rising Fanny Cradock 1986 W. H. Allen & Co. 220 OCLC 30472769
The Windsor Secret Fanny Cradock 1986 W. H. Allen & Co. 270 OCLC 84119076

Cookery books

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Pages Notes OCLC
The Practical Cook Frances Dale 1949 Lehmann 306 Illustrations by Nigel Mould OCLC 752521552
Daily Express Enjoyable Cookery Frances Dale 1951 London Express Newspaper 248 OCLC 30179647
The Ambitious Cook Frances Dale 1952 Lehman 416 Illustrations by Evadné Rowan; photographs by Percy Hennell OCLC 25463281
New dishes From The Daily Telegraph Bon Viveur 1952 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin 128 OCLC 1043075461
An A.B.C. of Wine Drinking Bon Viveur 1954 Frederick Muller 96 Co-written with Johnnie Cradock OCLC 883985729
Cooking with Bon Viveur Bon Viveur 1955 Museum Press 127 OCLC 15079183
Bon Viveur Recipes Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1956 The Daily Mail 104 aka The Daily Mail Cookery Book OCLC 800582836
Bon Viveur Request Cook Book Bon Viveur 1958 Museum Press 127 OCLC 557697234
Mr Therm's Encyclopaedia of Vegetable Cookery Volume 1: Cabbages and Things Bon Viveur 1959 Gas Council 160 OCLC 502237321
Mr Therm's Encyclopaedia of Vegetable Cookery Volume 2: Veg and Vim Bon Viveur 1959 Gas Council 159 OCLC 939155776
Cooking with Can and Pack Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1962 Museum Press 128 OCLC 315843567
The Daily Telegraph Cook's Book Bon Viveur 1964 The Daily Telegraph 368 Edited by Alison Leach; illustrated by William S. McCall OCLC 752979578
Fun with Cookery Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1965 Edmund Ward 63 Illustrations by Gay Galsworthy; edited by Alison Leach OCLC 59001168
Daily Telegraph Sociable Cook's Book Bon Viveur 1967 The Daily Telegraph 400 Illustrations by William Farrow and Frank Missen OCLC 752979580
Coping with Christmas Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1968 Fontana 304 Illustrations by Joan Jefferson Farjeon OCLC 30279678
The Cook Hostess' Book Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1970 Collins 303 Illustrations by Val Biro OCLC 59777475
Modest but Delicious: an Economical Cookbook for Today Bon Viveur 1973 Arlington Books 85 OCLC 35579993
Common Market Cookery: France Fanny Cradock 1973 BBC Books 111 Based on recipes broadcast on the BBC's Nationwide programme OCLC 886806
Common Market Cookery: Italy Fanny Cradock 1974 BBC Books 107 Based on recipes broadcast on the BBC's Nationwide programme OCLC 1103649
365 Puddings Bon Viveur 1975 The Daily Telegraph 187 OCLC 2048326
The Sherlock Holmes Cookbook Fanny Cradock 1976 W. H. Allen & Co 254 Illustrations by Val Biro; includes recipes by Agnes Bertha Marshall OCLC 462255855
365 Soups Bon Viveur 1977 The Daily Telegraph OCLC 655016139
Fanny & Johnnie Cradock's Freezer Book Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1978 W. H. Allen & Co 293 OCLC 4982826
Cooking Is Fun: A Children's Book Fanny Cradock 1978 W. H. Allen & Co 134 Illustrations by Kate Simunek OCLC 5076517
A Cook's Essential Alphabet Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1979 W. H. Allen & Co 117 OCLC 59213938
A Lifetime In The Kitchen Volume One: For Beginner Cooks Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1985 W. H. Allen & Co 336 OCLC 1012855634
A Lifetime In The Kitchen Volume Two: Family Cooking Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1985 W. H. Allen & Co 428 OCLC 19456067
A Lifetime In The Kitchen Volume Three: The Ambitious Cook Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1985 W. H. Allen & Co 455 OCLC 864425847

Part works, etc

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Notes OCLC
Happy Cooking Children Bon Viveur 1959 Putnam Four booklet series, comprising:
  • 1: Beginning to Cook (64 pages)
  • 2: Children's Outdoor Cookery (60 pages)
  • 3: The Young Chef (55 pages)
  • 4: Children's Party Cookery (54 pages)
 OCLC 316082853
Fanny & Johnnie Cradock Cookery Programme: A Complete Cookery Programme Fanny Cradock 1970–1972 Purnell Published in 80 weekly instalments OCLC 939225597

Children's fiction

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Pages Illustrator OCLC
When Michael was Three Francis Dale 1945 Hutchinson's Books for Young People 87 Ernest Noble OCLC 315897367
When Michael was Six Francis Dale 1946 Hutchinson's Books for Young People 102 Ernest Noble OCLC 315897360
Always. The Enchanted Land Francis Dale 1947 Hutchinson's Books for Young People 70 Nigel Mould OCLC 1061889036
Naughty Red Lion, Beware! Susan Leigh 1947 Hodder & Stoughton 112 OCLC 561617745
The Dryad and the Toad Francis Dale 1948 Macdonald 64 Nigel Mould OCLC 315897280
The Story of Joseph and Pharaoh Francis Dale 1950 Hodder & Stoughton 52 Val Biro OCLC 30159992
Brigadier Gooseyplum Goes to War Francis Dale 1950 Hodder & Stoughton 85 Aileen Forbes-Boyd OCLC 1061961475
The Gooseyplums of Duckpond-in-the-Dip Francis Dale 1950 Hodder & Stoughton 96 Aileen Forbes-Boyd OCLC 30159857
The Gooseyplums by the Sea Francis Dale 1950 Hodder & Stoughton 79 Aileen Forbes-Boyd OCLC 1062031922
Fish Knight and Sea Maiden: A Children's Romance Francis Dale 1952 Hutchinson's Books for Young People 88 Nigel Mould OCLC 30202119

Travel books

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Pages Notes OCLC
or Ref.
Bon Voyage - How to Enjoy your Holiday in Europe with a Car Frances Dale 1950 John Lehman 182 Illustrations by Val Biro OCLC 4761977
In Quest of Pleasure Bon Viveur 1951 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin 29 Edited with slight adaptations and additions by Wendy Tiquet. OCLC 1043173951
Eating in England's Inns Bon Viveur 1951 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin 28 OCLC 25468550
In Search of a Holiday Hotel Bon Viveur 1951 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin [45]
Eating Out in London Bon Viveur 1951 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin OCLC 59575619
Around Britain with Bon Viveur Bon Viveur 1952 John Lehman 208 OCLC 877353677
Holiday in the Austrian Tyrol Bon Viveur 1953 Frederick Muller 94 OCLC 9476302
Holiday in Barcelona and the Balearics Bon Viveur 1954 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin 110 OCLC 253391309
Holiday in Holland Bon Viveur 1954 Frederick Muller OCLC 651911104
Bon Viveur's London Bon Viveur 1954 Andrew Dakers OCLC 59783876
Bon Viveur in London Bon Viveur 1954 H. A. & W. L. Pitkin 186 OCLC 155857448
Holiday in Sweden Bon Viveur 1955 Frederick Muller 93 OCLC 1078514087
Holiday in Belgium Bon Viveur 1955 Frederick Muller 125 OCLC 30198026
Bon Viveur's London and the British Isles Bon Viveur 1955 Andrew Dakers 256 OCLC 3032328
Holiday in Denmark Bon Viveur 1955 Frederick Muller 125 OCLC 467557740
Holiday in the Touraine Bon Viveur 1956 Frederick Muller 119 OCLC 4572148
Wining and Dining in France with Bon Viveur Bon Viveur 1959 Putman 225 OCLC 499726994
Holiday on the French Riveria Bon Viveur 1960 Frederick Muller 103 OCLC 877493216
Bon Viveur Guide to Holidays in Europe Bon Viveur 1964 Andrew Dakers 498 Edited by Alison Leach OCLC 18675582

Autobiography

[edit]

Two works, both published under the name Fanny Cradock.[46]

Publication[46] Year Publisher Pages OCLC
Something's Burning 1960 Putnam 277 OCLC 760273090
Time to Remember – A Cook for All Seasons 1981 Webb & Bower 160 OCLC 906412217

Cookery books, as contributor

[edit]
Publication[44] Author/Editor Year Publisher Pages Notes OCLC
Definitely Different: The Daily Telegraph Recipe Book Unnamed 1954 The Daily Telegraph 160 Contributor as Bon Viveur; also includes recipes by Robin Adair, Gretel Beer, Claire Butler, Elizabeth David, Frank Gerrard, Marguerite Patten, Madame Prunier, Egon Ronay and J. M. Scott OCLC 1043290792
Come For A Meal: A Woman's Hour Cookery Book Nesta Hollis 1966 BBC Books 47 Contributor only OCLC 25469797
The Book of Foil Cookery Ann Body 1967 Spectator Publications 63 Contains "special recipes by Fanny & Johnnie Cradock" OCLC 221940579
The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy Hannah Glasse 1971 S. R. Publishers 419 Introduction by Cradock OCLC 561206256
The Royal Cookery Book Jules Gouffé 1973 EP Publishing 599 Translated from the original French by Alphonse Gouffé; introduction by Cradock OCLC 928177307
Wine for Today Johnnie Cradock 1975 Frederick Muller 198 Introduction by Cradock OCLC 1976961

Cookery booklets

[edit]
Publication[44] Writing as Year Publisher Pages Notes OCLC, ISBN
or Ref.
Inside Information: the Experts' Advice from The Daily Telegraph Food and Cookery Brains Trust Bon Viveur 1955 The Daily Telegraph 31 OCLC 1043088529
Natural and Pure Olive Oil – Book of recipes Bon Viveur 1963 International Olive Oil Council Based on a seven-minute television advertisement [47]
Home cooking with Fanny Cradock Fanny Cradock 1965 BBC Books 33 Illustrations by Rosalind Dease OCLC 650373880
Adventurous Cooking with Fanny Cradock Fanny Cradock 1965 BBC Books TV series: April–June 1965 OCLC 778918996
Everyday Cookery: a Recipe Supplement to Woman's Hour talks Fanny Cradock 1965 BBC Books 11 Written with Freda Cowell OCLC 745567022
Problem Cooking with Fanny Cradock Fanny Cradock 1967 BBC Books 26 TV series: 1967 OCLC 13052909
Eight Special Menus with Their Accompanying Wines for the Busy Cook-Hostess Fanny and Johnnie Cradock 1967 Mendham Bros/Gas Council 31 OCLC 30282107
Ten Classic Dishes Fanny Cradock 1968 BBC Books 32 TV series: January–March 1968 ISBN 9780563073352
Colourful Cookery Fanny Cradock 1968 BBC Books 32 TV series: October–December 1968 OCLC 13053140
Giving a Dinner Party Fanny Cradock 1969 BBC Books 16 TV series: July–October 1969 OCLC 1112517915
Fanny Cradock Invites Fanny Cradock 1970 BBC Books 32 TV series: July–October 1970 OCLC 13053127
Fanny Cradock's Nationwide Cook Book Fanny Cradock 1972 BBC Books 30 OCLC 877188475
Lessons for a Cook: A series of articles reprinted from The Daily Telegraph in which they appeared month-by-month Bon Viveur 1974 The Daily Telegraph 32 Illustrations by Troy Hill-Jackson OCLC 877756682
Fanny Cradock's Christmas Cooking Fanny Cradock 1975 Wolfe Publishing 48 TV series: November–December 1975 ISBN 9780723407072
Pasta Cookery Bon Viveur 1975 The Daily Telegraph 12 OCLC 16304632

References and sources

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Levy 2015.
  2. ^ Ellis 2007, p. 117.
  3. ^ Geddes 2019, pp. 194–195.
  4. ^ a b "Kitchen Magic". The Radio Times. No. 1631. 11 February 1955. p. 38. ISSN 0033-8060.
  5. ^ BFI: Screenonline Biography.
  6. ^ Cradock 1976, pp. 15–16.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m BFI: Filmography.
  8. ^ BFI: Screenonline Credits.
  9. ^ "Television". Fanny Cradock.
  10. ^ "Television Tea Party". The Radio Times. No. 1663. 23 September 1955. p. 20. ISSN 0033-8060.
  11. ^ "The Cradocks Are Frying Tonight". The Radio Times. No. 1668. 28 October 1955. p. 44. ISSN 0033-8060.
  12. ^ "The Cradocks Are Frying Tonight". The Radio Times. No. 1668. 28 October 1955. p. 44. ISSN 0033-8060.
  13. ^ "Challenge in the Kitchen". The Radio Times. No. 1678. 6 January 1956. p. 27. ISSN 0033-8060.
  14. ^ "Bon Viveur: Gala Christmas Dinner". The Radio Times. No. 1726. 7 December 1956. p. 26. ISSN 0033-8060.
  15. ^ "Mainly for Women". The Radio Times. No. 1817. 5 September 1958. p. 18. ISSN 0033-8060.
  16. ^ "For Deaf Children". The Radio Times. No. 1984. 16 November 1961. p. 24. ISSN 0033-8060.
  17. ^ "Home at One-Thirty". The Radio Times. No. 2005. 12 April 1962. p. 28. ISSN 0033-8060.
  18. ^ "Home at One-Thirty". The Radio Times. No. 2012. 31 May 1962. p. 27. ISSN 0033-8060.
  19. ^ "BBC Genome: Living Today". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  20. ^ "BBC Genome: Beginning to Cook". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  21. ^ Geddes 2019, pp. 109–110.
  22. ^ "BBC Genome: Learning to Cook". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  23. ^ "BBC Genome: Home Cooking". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  24. ^ "BBC Genome: Kitchen Party". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  25. ^ "BBC Genome: Adventurous Cooking". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  26. ^ "BBC Genome: Outlook for Tuesday: Home Cooking". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Juke Box Jury". The Radio Times. No. 2236. 15 September 1966. p. 7. ISSN 0033-8060.
  28. ^ "BBC Genome: Christmas Cooking". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  29. ^ "BBC Genome: Problem Cooking". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  30. ^ "BBC Genome: Ten Classic Dishes". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  31. ^ "BBC Genome: Fanny Cradock: Colourful Cookery". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  32. ^ "BBC Genome: Giving a Dinner Party". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  33. ^ "BBC Genome: Fanny Cradock Invites..." BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  34. ^ "Score with The Scaffold". The Radio Times (2441): 44. 20 August 1970. ISSN 0033-8060.
  35. ^ "Bruce Forsyth and The Generation Game". The Radio Times (2503): 31. 28 October 1971. ISSN 0033-8060.
  36. ^ "BBC Genome: Call my Bluff". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  37. ^ "BBC Genome: Nationwide". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  38. ^ "BBC Genome: Password". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  39. ^ "BBC Genome: Fanny Cradock Cooks For Christmas". BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  40. ^ "The Big Time: 3: Gwen Troake 's Banquet". The Radio Times (2765): 58. 4 November 1976. ISSN 0033-8060.
  41. ^ "Pebble Mill at One". The Radio Times (3030): 72. 3 December 1981. ISSN 0033-8060.
  42. ^ "Windmill". The Radio Times (3240): 93. 19 December 1985. ISSN 0033-8060.
  43. ^ "The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross [03/04/87] (1987)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 10, 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g Geddes 2019, pp. 193–198.
  45. ^ Geddes 2019, p. 194.
  46. ^ a b Geddes 2019, p. 196.
  47. ^ Geddes 2017, pp. 749, 751.

Sources

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Books

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Journals, newspapers and magazines

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Websites

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