Yellow Kid Award
| Yellow Kid Award | |
|---|---|
| Awarded for | Achievements in the field of comics and animation |
| Location | Lucca Comics & Games (1970–1992) International Comics and Cartooning Exhibition (1994–2005) |
| Country | Italy |
| Formerly called | Silver Plaque (1966) Golden Guinigi Tower (1967) Grand Guinigi (1969) |
| First awarded | 1970 |
The Yellow Kid Awards (Italian: Premio Yellow Kid) are comic book awards presented in Italy from 1970 to 1992[a] at Lucca Comics & Games in Lucca, then from 1994 to 2005 at the Salone Internazionale del Comics in Rome. The Yellow Kid is one of the world's first awards linked to comics. Their name refers to The Yellow Kid, a character created by the American Richard F. Outcault at the end of the 19th century, and considered one of the first comic book heroes.[1]
History
[edit]Antecedent prizes
[edit]From 1966 to 1969, a previous set of prizes were awarded at the Lucca festival, namely the Silver Plaque (Italian: Targa d'Argento) in 1966, the Golden Guinigi Tower (Italian: Torre Guinigi d'oro) in 1967 and the Grand Guinigi in 1969 (Italian: Gran Guinigi).
In 1966, during the second edition of the festival, the monthly magazine Linus presented three Silver Plaques to Orietta Garzanti, for Best Italian Publisher (for I primi eroi), Best Foreign Publication (for Giff-Wiff) and Best Italian Critic (to Piero Canotto).[2]
The following year, 1967, the festival organized the award ceremony through an international jury.[3] These prizes, the Golden Guinigi Tower, an homage to Lucca's most famous monument, were reserved for participants of the fair and the exhibition "I comics oggi" ("Comic Strips Today").[3] That year, the festival also awarded six prizes to Gian Luigi Bonelli, Cesare Zavattini, Rino Albertarelli, Benito Jacovitti, Mario Gentilini, and Alpe Editions,[3] an initiative which was not renewed in the following years.
During the following festival, held in November 1968, the awards ceremony was canceled following protests from the authors, in the context of May 68.[4]
The awarding of prizes at Lucca resumed in 1969, this time under the name Grand Guinigi.[5] An encouragement prize and a criticism prize were also introduced.[5]
The Yellow Kids
[edit]From 1970, the awards were renamed after the Yellow Kid; a statuette representing the little boy dressed in a yellow nightgown began being given to the prize winners.[1] The Yellow Kid Awards were presented at Lucca Comics & Games through 1992.
From 1994 to 2005, the Yellow Kid Awards were presented at the Salone Internazionale del Comics (International Comics and Cartooning Exhibition), held in Rome.
Gran Guinigi returns (2006–present)
[edit]In 2006, Lucca Comics & Games replaced the Yellow Kid Awards by bringing back the Gran Guinigi as a career accomplishment award.[citation needed]
Lucca Comics Awards
[edit]In 2020, as the Lucca festival redubbed itself Lucca Changes amidst a shift to virtual programming during the COVID-19 pandemic,[6] the awards shifted to a new system under the umbrella term Lucca Comics Awards, consisting of 9 categories (3 Yellow Kids, five Gran Guinigis, and one Stefano Beani Award (named for a former festival director), "regardless of nationality, editorial format or distribution method".[7]
Categories
[edit]In addition to Yellow Kid awards for Italian writers, artists, and cartoonists; and similar awards for foreign creators, the festival jury also awards special Yellow Kid prizes at its convenience. For instance, the UNICEF plaque rewarding humanist works or institutions (from 1976), renamed the Hector Œsterheld Plaque in 1986; and the Caran-d'Ache Prize rewarding illustrators (from 1978). The organization also awards special guests of the festival a Yellow Kid for "A Life Devoted to Cartooning" (from 1972) and a Caran-d’Ache for "A Life Devoted to Illustration" (from 1982).
Since 1969 accredited journalists present at the festival have also presented prizes, in particular the Fantoche Prize rewarding a critical work on animation (1973-1982); the Critics Referendum Prize rewarding a work of animation (1973), the name of which evolved regularly from 1982; and category prizes rewarding various audiovisual or cinematographic works, taking the name of the Fantoche Prize (from 1984).
Prizes are also awarded by public vote (from 1974) and by a jury dedicated to academic work (Romano Calisi Prize, from 1984).
List of Yellow Kid Award-winners
[edit]Unless otherwise specified, these prizes are called the "Yellow Kid Prize for/to...".
Authors
[edit]Italian division
[edit]| Year | Winner | Prize[b] |
|---|---|---|
| 1967[b] | Copi[c] | Golden Guinigi Tower for Artist |
| Guido Crepax[d] | Golden Guinigi Tower for Writer | |
| 1969[5] | Pier Carpi[e] | Grand Guinigi for Writer |
| Michele Gazzarri[e] | ||
| Hugo Pratt[f] | Grand Guinigi for Artist | |
| 1970[1] | Dino Battaglia | Cartoonist |
| Alfredo Castelli | Writer | |
| 1971[8] | Gianni De Luca | Artist |
| Mino Milani | Writer | |
| 1972[9] | Guido Crepax | Cartoonist |
| Grazia Nidasio | Artist | |
| 1973[10] | Guido Buzzelli | Cartoonist |
| Lino Landolfi | Artist | |
| 1974[11] | Bonvi | Cartoonist |
| Emanuele Pirella | Writer | |
| Tullio Pericoli | Artist | |
| 1975[12] | Massimo Mattioli | Cartoonist |
| Sergio Toppi | Artist | |
| 1976[13] | Altan | Cartoonist |
| Giuseppe Madaudo | Artist | |
| 1978[14] | Cinzia Ghigliano | Cartoonist |
| Milo Manara[15] | Artist | |
| 1980[16] | Daniele Panebarco | Cartoonist |
| Attilio Micheluzzi | Artist | |
| Cristina Lastrego and Francesco Testa | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration | |
| 1982[17] | Vittorio Giardino | Cartoonist |
| Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri | Artist | |
| Giovanni Mulazzani | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration | |
| 1984[18] | Sergio Staino | Cartoonist |
| Anna Brandoli | Artist | |
| Alarico Gattia | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration | |
| 1986[19] | Roberto Dal Prà | Cartoonist |
| Franco Saudelli | Artist | |
| Fabrizio del Tessa | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration | |
| 1990[20] | Tiziano Sclavi | Cartoonist |
| Massimo Rotundo | Artist | |
| Flavio Costantini | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration | |
| 1992[21] | Giorgio Cavazzano | Cartoonist |
| Giancarlo Alessandrini | Artist | |
| Riccardo Mannelli | Caran-d'Ache for Illustration |
Foreign/international division
[edit]| Year | Winner | Country | Prize[b] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1967[3] | Jules Feiffer[g] |  USA
|
Cartoonist (Golden Guinigi Tower) |
| 1969[5] | Robert Gigi[h] |  FRA
|
Artist (Grand Guinigi) |
| Reg Smythe[i] |  GBR
|
Cartoonist (Grand Guinigi) | |
| Robert Crumb | USA
|
Honorable Mention | |
| Enric Sió |  ESP
| ||
| 1970[1] | Johnny Hart[22] | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| 1971[8] | Lee Falk | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| Enric Sió | ESP
|
Artist | |
| 1972[9] | Nikita Mandryka | FRA
|
Cartoonist |
| Brant Parker | USA
|
Artist | |
| 1973[10] | Fred | FRA
|
Cartoonist |
| Eduardo Teixeira Coelho |  BRA
|
Artist | |
| Alberto Breccia |  ARG
|
Special jury prize | |
| 1974[11] | Vaughn Bodē | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| Antonio Hernández Palacios | ESP
|
Writer or cartoonist | |
| Roy Crane | USA
|
Special jury prize | |
| 1975[12] | Dan O'Neill[j] | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| Jean Giraud | FRA
|
Artist | |
| Frank Hampson | GBR
|
Special jury prize[k] | |
| 1976[13] | Jeff Jones | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| Enki Bilal | FRA
|
Artist | |
| Rius |  MEX
|
UNICEF comics plaque[l] | |
| 1978[14] | Harry North | GBR
|
Cartoonist |
| Carlos Trillo | ARG
|
Artist | |
| Bobby London | USA
|
Special jury prize | |
| Karel Thole |  NED
|
Caran-d'Ache for illustration | |
| Oscar Conti | ARG
|
UNICEF comics plaque[l] | |
| 1980[16] | Mœbius | FRA
|
Cartoonist |
| Comès |  BEL
|
Artist | |
| Ferenc Pinter |  HUN[m]
|
Caran-d'Ache for a Master of Illustration | |
| Hector Oesterheld | ARG
|
UNICEF comics plaque[l] | |
| 1982[17] | Art Spiegelman | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| José Antonio Muñoz | ARG
|
Artist | |
| Howard Chaykin | USA
|
Caran-d'Ache for illustration | |
| 1984[18] | Jaime Hernandez[24] | Cartoonist | |
| Gilbert Hernandez[24] | |||
| Mario Hernandez[24] | |||
| François Bourgeon | FRA
|
Artist | |
| Guillermo Mordillo | ARG
|
Special jury prize | |
| Manuel Sanjuliàn | ESP
|
Caran-d'Ache for illustration | |
| 1986[19] | Horacio Altuna | ARG
|
Cartoonist |
| Serge Le Tendre | FRA
|
Artist | |
| Bill Sienkiewicz | USA
|
Special jury prize[n] | |
| Oscar Chichoni | ARG
|
Caran d'Ache for illustration | |
| Lorenzo Mattotti | ARG
|
Special jury prize | |
| Paul Gillon | FRA
|
Special jury prize | |
| 1990[20] | Kent Williams | USA
|
Cartoonist |
| Matthias Schultheiss |  GER
|
artist | |
| Juan Giménez | ESP
| ||
| John Bolton | GBR
|
Caran-d'Ache for illustration | |
| 1992[21] | François Boucq[26] | FRA
|
Cartoonist |
| John Byrne[26] | USA
|
Artist | |
| Frank Thomas[26] | Special jury prize | ||
| Ollie Johnston[26] | |||
| Dave McKean | GBR
|
Caran-d'Ache for illustration | |
| David Caméo | FRA
|
Plaque Œsterheld[o] |
Rome era (1994–2005)
[edit]
Publishers, journals, organizations
[edit]| Year | Winner | Country | Reason for the Award | Prize |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967[3] | Mondadori Editore |  ITA
|
Its publications, in particular the collection Le grandi storie | Publisher (Golden Guinigi Tower) |
| Corriere dei Piccoli | Contribution to the development of Italian comics (Golden Guinigi Tower) | |||
| Milano Libri | For having raised the interest of a new audience | Avant-garde editorial initiative (Golden Guinigi Tower) | ||
| 1969[5] | Orietta Garzanti | Its edition of Little Nemo | Italian publisher (Grand Guinigi) | |
| Robert Cottereau | FRA
|
Lifetime achievement | Foreign publisher (Grand Guinigi) | |
| Claudio Bertieri | ITA
|
AZ Comics (EK) | Critics Prize[p] | |
| 1970[1] | Mondadori | ITA
|
Oscar Cartoons | Italian publisher (periodical) |
| Bompiani | Mafalda | Italian publisher (book) | ||
| Georges Rieu | FRA
|
Pif Gadget | Foreign publisher | |
| André Leborgne | BEL
|
Ran Tan Plan | Honorable mention | |
| Sansoni | ITA
|
Enciclopedia dei fumetti | ||
| Club Anni Trenta | Its chronological reissues | |||
| 1971[8] | Laterza | I fumetti di Mao | Italian book publisher | |
| Sansoni | Horror | Italian periodical publisher | ||
| Abril | BRA
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| Joël la Roche | FRA
|
Corto Maltese | Honorable mention | |
| 1972[9] | Mondadori | ITA
|
Italian book publisher | |
| Editions Lombard | FRA
|
Tintin magazine | Foreign publisher | |
| Walter Herdeg |  SUI
|
Comics (direction) | Critics Prize[p] | |
| David Pascal | USA
| |||
| 1973[10] | Dardo | ITA
|
Its edition of Nick Carter by Bonvi | Italian publisher |
| Springer | RFA
|
Zack | Foreign publisher | |
| 1974[11] | Daim Press | ITA
|
Its collection of « I Protagonisti » | Italian publisher |
| Pala | ESP
|
All of its activities | Foreign publisher | |
| Henri Filippini | FRA
|
Their volume of tribute to Alain Saint-Ogan | Honorary Yellow Kid | |
| Maurizio Bovarini | ITA
| |||
| 1975[12] | Cenisio | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| Glénat | FRA
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| Istituto Nazionale per la Documentazione sull'Immagine | ITA
|
Exhibition "No al fascismo!" | Honorable mention | |
| 1976[13] | Daim Press | The collection Un uomo un'avventura | Italian publisher | |
| Ediciones Amaika | ESP
|
El Papus | Foreign publisher | |
| Alcidio da Quinta | BRA
|
Simplex | UNICEF plaque for animated film[l] | |
| André Leborgne | BEL
|
Ran Tan Plan | Honorable mention | |
| 1978[14] | Ottaviano | ITA
|
The totality of its activities | Italian publisher |
| Casterman | BEL
|
À Suivre | Foreign publisher | |
| 1980[16] | Editiemme | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| Epic Illustrated | USA
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| 1982[17] | Primo Carnera | ITA
|
Frigidaire | Italian publisher |
| Éditions Horay | FRA
|
French publisher | ||
| Algerian Comic Strip School |  ALG
|
UNICEF comics plaque | ||
| 1984[18] | L'Isole trovata | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| Strip Art Features |  YUG
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| Editoria Basca | ESP
|
UNICEF comics plaque | ||
| Editori del Grifo | ITA
|
Glamour International | Special Plaque | |
| 1986[19] | Paoline | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| Aedena | FRA
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| Ikusager | ESP
|
Plaque Hector Œesterheld[o] | ||
| 1990[20] | Sergio Bonelli Editore | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| El Víbora | ESP
|
Foreign publisher | ||
| Henri Filippini | FRA
|
Yellow Kid awarded by the jury | ||
| Carlsen | GER
|
Plaque Hector Œsterheld[o] | ||
| 1992[21] | Franco Cosimo Panini | ITA
|
Italian publisher | |
| Tundra Publishing | USA
|
Foreign publisher |
Rome era (1994–2005)
[edit]| Year | Award-recipient(s) |
|---|---|
| 1994 | Astorina (Italy), Casterman (France) |
| 1995 | DC Comics (United States), Eura Editoriale (Italy) |
| 1996 | Bonelli (Italy), Dargaud (France) |
| 1997 | Oreste Del Buono (Italy), Raw (United States), Edizioni d'Arte Lo Scarabeo (Italy) |
| 1998 | Lizard Edizioni (Italy), Dark Horse Comics (United States) |
| 1999 | Hazard Edizioni (Italy), El Víbora (Spain) |
| 2000 | L'Association (France), Macchia Nera (Italy), Mare Nero (Italy), Lanciostory (Italy) |
| 2001 | Kappa Edizioni (Italy) |
| 2002 | Coconino Press (Italy), El Jueves (Spain) |
| 2003 | Pascal Morelli (France), Éditions Omnibus (France) |
| 2005 | Edicions de Ponent (Spain) |
Film and animation prizes
[edit]Critics' Referendum Prize / Lucca City Grand Prize
[edit]This prize, presented by accredited journalists present at the festival, rewarded an animated work produced by Italians. It was renamed the Critics' Prize in 1982. In 1984, the prize was reconfigured as the Lucca City Grand Prize, awarded by a special jury and highlighting a recent Italian cartoon.
| Year | Winner(s) | Award-winning work | Prize |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973[10] | Emanuele Luzzati | Pulcinella | Critics' Referendum Prize |
| Giulio Gianini | |||
| 1974[11] | Bruno Bozzetto | Self-Service | |
| 1975[12] | NOT AWARDED | ||
| 1976[13] | Bruno Bozzetto | Allegro non troppo | Critics' Referendum Prize |
| 1978[14] | Roberto Perini, Enzo Sferra, and Alighiero Giuseppetti | Upupa | Critics' Referendum Prize Short Film division |
| Giulio Gianini | Il flauto magico | Critics' Referendum Prize Feature Film division | |
| Emanuele Luzzati | |||
| 1980[16] | Guido Manuli | S.O.S. | Critics' Referendum Prize |
| 1982[17] | La Figura | I Grandi Film in Due Minuti | Critics' Prize |
| 1984[18] | Fusako Yusaki | Ama gli animali | Lucca City Grand Prize |
| 1986[19] | Vincenzo Gioanola | Russian roulette | Lucca City Grand Prize for an Emerging Artist |
| 1990[20] | Gianluigi Toccafondo | La Coda | |
| 1992[21] | Simona Mulazzani | La Pista | Lucca City Grand Prize |
Fantoche Prize (1973-1982)
[edit]This prize, presented by accredited journalists present at the festival, rewarded Italian critical work devoted to animation.
| Year | Winner | Award-winning work | Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973[10] | Piero Zanotto | L'Italia di cartone and other works | Liviana |
| 1974[11] | Attilio Giovannini | ||
| 1975[12] | Gianni Rondolino | Storia del Cinema d'Animazione | Einaudi |
| 1976[13] | Sergio Michelli | Cinema di animazione in Bulgaria | Cappelli |
| 1978[14] | Giannalberto Bendazzi | Topolino e poi | Il Formichiere |
| 1980[16] | NOT AWARDED | ||
| 1982[17] | Alfio Bastiancich | L'Opera di Norman McLaren | Giappichelli |
Fantoche Prize (1984-92)
[edit]In 1984, the Fantoche Prize was extensively renewed. Now awarded by the same jury as the Grand Prize, it rewarded audiovisual or cinematographic works and was divided into several categories.
| Year | Winner | Work | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1984[18] | Manfredo Manfredi | Orson Welles, genio del cinema | TV Show |
| Bruno Bozzetto | Sigmund | Advertising Spot | |
| Cairoli Elementary School (Turin) | L'importante è partecipare | Educational or Documentary Film | |
| Fusako Yusaki | Ama gli animali | Free Subject Movie | |
| 1986[19] | San Giacomo Elementary School (Turin) | Sueno e colore | Film Produced by an Educational Institution |
| Piero Mazzoni | Firenze-Europa | Film Trailer | |
| Filippo Fantoni | |||
| Enzo D'Alò | Se fumi tu, fumano tutti | Documentary or Scientific Film | |
| Enrico Carlesi | |||
| Fusako Yusaki | Rotondo, quadrato, triangolo | Feature Film | |
| 1990[20] | Bruno Caccia Elementary School (Turin) and the Magic Lantern | Fumosofia | Film Produced by an Educational Institution |
| Ernesto Paginoni | San Pellegrino Aranciat | Advertising or Promotional Film | |
| Antonella Abbatiello | Magic Circus | Documentary or Scientific Film | |
| Guido Manuli | + 1-1 | Feature Film | |
| Laura Di Biagio | Race Timed Out | Video | |
| 1992[21] | Students of the Istituto Europeo di Design (Milan) | Attenda, prego | Film School Film |
| Gianluigi Toccafondo | Media Salles, Cinema d'Europa | Advertising, Promotional or Support film | |
| NOT AWARDED | Documentary or Scientific Film | ||
| Maurizio Forestieri, Ferro Piludu, Lucilla Salimei, and Fabio Testa | Tiramolla e il cacciatore | Feature Film | |
| Luca Prassa and Oscara Tornincasa | Creeps!!! The Authorized Version 1992 | Video | |
Other prizes
[edit]Yellow Kid "A Life Devoted to Cartoons"
[edit]This prize, given by the festival organizers, rewards a cartoonist or animator for their career work.[9]
| Year | Winner | Country | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1972[9] | Hergé | BEL
|
Cartoonist |
| 1973[10] | Walt Disney Productions | USA
|
Animation studio |
| 1974[11] | Lotario Vecchi | ITA
|
Cartoonist |
| 1975[12] | Adolfo Eisen | BRA
|
Comics publisher |
| 1976[13] | José Luis Salinas | ARG
|
Cartoonist |
| 1978[14] | Milton Caniff | USA
| |
| 1980[16] | Arturo del Castillo | ARG
| |
| 1982[17] | Jesús Blasco | ESP
| |
| 1984[18] | Lee Falk | USA
| |
| 1986[19] | Will Eisner | ||
| 1990[20] | Romano Scarpa | ITA
| |
| 1992[21] | Benito Jacovitti |
Starting in 1982, the festival began also awarding a special Caran-d'Ache prize for "A Life of Illustration".
| Year | Winner | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1982[17] | Francesco Carnevali | ITA
|
| 1984[18] | Burne Hogarth | USA
|
| 1986[19] | Jayme Cortez | BRA
|
| 1990[20] | Ziraldo | |
| 1992[21] | Sergio Toppi | ITA
|
Audience Award
[edit]| Year | Winner | Country | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1974[11] | Rino Albertarelli | Italy
|
Cartoonist |
| 1978[14] | Scuola del Fumetto di Lucca | Comics school | |
| 1980[16] | Héctor Oesterheld | Argentina
|
Posthumous Writing Award |
| 1982[17] | Wow Agenda Planning 1983 | Italy
|
Publication |
| 1984[18] | Alarico Gattia | Illustrator | |
| 1986[19] | Edizioni Glamour International | Publishing house | |
| 1990[20] | NOT AWARDED | ||
| 1992[21] | Sciuscià (Edizioni di Miceli) | Italy
|
Re-release |
In 1990, the festival management also presented the Max Prize for Cartoon Cinema to the Deutsches Filmmuseum in Frankfurt am Main.[20] Two years later, this prize was awarded to the Cineteca del Friuli (it).[21]
Romano Calisi Prize
[edit]Awarded from 1984 to 1992, this prize recognized Italian academic work devoted to comics. It was awarded by a specific jury.
| Year | Winner | Work |
|---|---|---|
| 1984[18] | Arianna Pregagnoli | Flash Gordon: la concettualizzazione del 'diverso' attraverso il fumetto americano (1930-1940) (1982-1983) |
| Elena Furin | I fumetti di Frigidaire (1983-1984) | |
| 1986[19] | Francesca Camera | Alexandre Alexeieff e la cinègravure (1985-1986) |
| Marco Cadioli | Tecniche di computer animation (1985-1986) | |
| 1990[20] | Sonia Maria Bibe Luyten | Potere e diffusione dei fumetti giapponesi quale riflesso della società nipponica (1987-88) |
| Alessandra Buniva | Fumetto: variazioni e varianti (1989-90) | |
| 1992[21] | Gianni Albanese | L'uomo africano nei fumetti dell'Italia coloniale fascista |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Beginning in 1978, funding issues reduced the frequency of the festival — and thus the frequency of the Yellow Kid Awards — to every two years.
- ^ a b c Unless otherwise specified in parentheses, these prizes are named "Yellow Kid".
- ^ "For its rigorous style and its rebellious irony."
- ^ "For his research linked to the most significant ferments of contemporary visual culture."
- ^ a b "For his activities in 1968."
- ^ For The Ballad of the Salty Sea.
- ^ "For his provocative proposal of a discourse on the current condition of man."
- ^ For Scarlett Dream and Orion.
- ^ For the creation of Andy Capp.
- ^ For The Penny-Ante Republican.[23]
- ^ Hampson was declared "Prestigioso Maestro" ("Prestigious Master") and the best writer and artist of strip cartoons since the end of the Second World War.[citation needed]
- ^ a b c d Prize awarded by the jury on the occasion of a partnership with UNICEF to reward humanitarian works.
- ^ Pinter had been living in Italy since 1956.
- ^ For "bridging the gap between American and European artistic sensibilities."[25]
- ^ a b c This award, which follows the UNICEF plaque awarded from 1976 to 1984, rewards a work or entity promoting understanding between peoples.
- ^ a b Presented by accredited journalists present at the festival.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "6° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1970" [6th International Lucca Comics Salon, 1970]. immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ "2° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1966" [2nd International Lucca Comics Salon, 1966]. immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e "3° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1967" [3rd International Lucca Comics Salon 1967]. immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ "4° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1968" [4th International Comics Salon Lucca, 1968]. immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e "5° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1969" [5th International Lucca Comics Salon, 1969]. immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ "Che cos'è Lucca Comics & Games - edizione Changes". Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ Bottalico, Domenico (24 October 2020). "Lucca Comics Awards i nuovi "Oscar del Fumetto" a Lucca Changes". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ a b c "7° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS LUCCA, 1971". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e "8° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL CINEMA DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f "9° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f g "10° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f "11° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f "12° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f g "13° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ Clute, John; Grant, John (1999). The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. Macmillan. p. 621.
- ^ a b c d e f g "14° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f g h Traini, Rinaldo (1982). "15° SALONE, 1982" (in Italian). Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "16° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS E DEL FILM DI ANIMAZIONE". immaginecentrostrudi.org (in Italian).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "17° SALONE, 1986" (in Italian). Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
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