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MMP20

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MMP20
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesMMP20, AI2A2, MMP-20, matrix metallopeptidase 20
External IDsOMIM: 604629; MGI: 1353466; HomoloGene: 21001; GeneCards: MMP20; OMA:MMP20 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_004771

NM_013903

RefSeq (protein)

NP_004762

NP_038931

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 102.58 – 102.63 MbChr 9: 7.63 – 7.67 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) also known as enamel metalloproteinase or enamelysin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP20 gene.[5][6]

Function

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Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases.

MMP-20, also known as enamelysin, appears to be the only MMP that is tooth-specific and it is expressed by cells of different developmental origin (i.e. epithelial ameloblasts and mesenchymal odontoblasts).

Clinical significance

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The human MMP-20 gene contains 10 exons and is part of a cluster of matrix metalloproteinase genes that localize to human chromosome 11q22.3.[6] A mutation in this gene, which alters the normal splice pattern and results in premature termination of the encoded protein, has been associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Enamel in the absence of MMP-20 is hypoplastic (thin), contains less mineral (only one-third as much total mineral as wild type), and contains more protein and water. In general, MMP-20 functions in enamel are to cleave enamel matrix proteins at specific cleavage sites.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137674Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018620Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Llano E, Pendas AM, Knauper V, Sorsa T, Salo T, Salido E, Murphy G, Simmer JP, Bartlett JD, Lopez-Otin C (Jan 1998). "Identification and structural and functional characterization of human enamelysin (MMP-20)". Biochemistry. 36 (49): 15101–15108. doi:10.1021/bi972120y. PMID 9398237.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: MMP20 matrix metallopeptidase 20 (enamelysin)".
  7. ^ Moradian-Oldak J (2012). "Protein-mediated enamel mineralization". Front. Biosci. 17 (7): 1996–2023. doi:10.2741/4034. PMC 3442115. PMID 22652761.

Further reading

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  • The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M10.019
  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O60882 (Human Matrix metalloproteinase-20) at the PDBe-KB.