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Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party
Fianna Fáil - An Páirtí Poblachtánach
AbbreviationFF
LeaderMicheál Martin
Deputy LeaderFiona O'Loughlin
Seanad LeaderLisa Chambers
Chief WhipCormac Devlin (Dáil)
Robbie Gallagher (Seanad)
ChairBrendan Smith
Founders
... and others
Founded27 May 1926; 97 years ago La Scalla Theatre, Prince's Street, Dublin, Irish Free State
Split fromSinn Féin
HeadquartersÁras de Valera, 65-66 Lower Mount Street, Dublin 2, D02 NX90
NewspaperThe Irish Press
Youth wingÓgra Fianna Fáil
Women's wingMná Fhianna Fáil
Overseas wingCiarde Fáil
LGBTQ+ wingFianna Fáil LGBTQI+ Network
Membership (2022)18,000
IdeologyIrish nationalism
Irish republicanism
Pro-Europeanism
Populism
Big tent
Political positionCentre to Centre-right
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
European Parliament groupRenew Europe
International affiliationLiberal International
Colors  Green
Slogan"An Ireland for All"
Governing bodyFianna Fáil Ard Chomhairle
Parliamentary partyAn Coiste Lemass
Dáil Éireann[1]
36 / 160
Seanad Éireann[2]
21 / 60
European Parliament[3][nb 1]
2 / 13
Local government in the Republic of Ireland[4]
276 / 949

^ a: previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations (2002–09)
^ b: Member of the EPD group from 1973 to 1984, the EDA group from 1984 to 1995, the UfE group from 1995 to 1999, the UEN group from 1999 to 2009, and the ALDE group from 2009 to 2014.


Fianna Fáil (/fiˌænə ˈfɔɪl, ˌfənə -/ feena FALL or FOYLE,[5][6] Irish: [ˌfʲiən̪ˠə ˈfˠaːlʲ] ; meaning 'Soldiers of Destiny' or 'Warriors of Fál'),[7] officially Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party[8][9] (Irish: Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach),[10] is one of the main political parties in Ireland, alongside its primary rival since the 1930s, Fine Gael, and since 2011, Sinn Féin. Fianna Fáil is currently the senior partner in Ireland’s government coalition, along with Fine Gael and the Green Party, having won the 2020 general election with the most seats in Dáil Éireann. Historically described as a broad church and a classic catch-all party, Fianna Fáil has often defined itself as such, with enduring ideological commitments to Irish republicanism and reunification, Irish nationalism, and pro-Europeanism. The party currently has 36 Teachtaí Dála, 21 Seanadóirí, two Members of the European Parliament, and approximately 275 city and county councillors. Five Presidents of Ireland have been Fianna Fáil candidates, the most out of any other party (the Labour Party coming in second with two).

Fianna Fáil was founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera and his supporters following the Irish Civil War, over splits in the original Sinn Féin movement around the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty’s Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown and the partition of Ireland. Since 1932, it was one of the two dominant political parties in the Irish Free State, along with Cumann na nGaedheal which later formed into Fine Gael. For much of the following eighty years, Fianna Fáil dominated political life; de Valera served three terms as Taoiseach and played a significant role in laying the constitutional groundwork for Ireland to declare itself as an independent republic from the British Commonwealth in 1949. Historically averse to power-sharing, the party reversed this long-standing policy after the 1989 general election and has since led coalitions of the centre-left (with Labour, 1992–1994; and the Greens, 2007–2011) and the centre-right (with the Progressive Democrats, 1989–1992; 1997–2002; 2002–2007). Every consecutive Fianna Fáil leader has served as Taoiseach, and it remains the party with the most cumulative years of governmental experience in the modern Irish State.

In the 2011 general election the party's vote share collapsed and emerged in third place, in what was widely seen as a major realignment in the wake of the Great Recession in Ireland. By 2016 it had recovered enough to become the main opposition party and entered into a confidence and supply agreement with a Fine Gael-led minority government. In 2020, after a protracted stalemate following the general election, Fianna Fáil agreed with Fine Gael and the Green Party to enter an unprecedented coalition, with the leaders of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael rotating between the position of Taoiseach and Tánaiste. Micheál Martin has led the party since 2011 and currently serves as Taoiseach, with an additional six Fianna Fáil Ministers holding various Cabinet portfolios.

Fianna Fáil is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ADLE) and sits with the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament. It has been a full member of Liberal International since 2009. The party is also organised in Northern Ireland and has a working relationship with the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), but it has not yet agreed to formally contest elections there. As of July 2021, it has an estimated 20,000 full members.

History

[edit]
1932 Fianna Fáil poster featuring many of the party's founding members, including de Valera, Lemass, Aiken and Boland

.

Origins

[edit]

Fianna Fáil was founded by Éamon de Valera, a former leader of Sinn Féin.[11] He and a number of other members split from Sinn Féin when a motion he proposed—which called for elected members to be allowed to take their seats in Dáil Éireann if and when the controversial Oath of Allegiance was removed—failed to pass at the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis in 1926.[12] His new party adopted its name on 2 April of the same year. While it was also opposed to the Treaty settlement, it rejected abstentionism, instead aiming to republicanise the Irish Free State from within. Fianna Fáil's platform of economic autarky had appeal among the farmers, working-class people and the poor, while alienating more affluent classes.[13] It largely pre-empted voters of the aforementioned groups from the Labour Party (with its almost identical economic and social policy) following its entry into the Dáil in 1927.[14] Fianna Fáil would go on to style themselves for several decades as “the real Labour Party.”[15][16][17]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Allen, Kieran (2005). "Fianna Fáil and Neo-Liberalism". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 94 (373): 17–25.
  • Coakley, John; Gallagher, Michael, eds. (2017). Politics in the Republic of Ireland (6th ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-11945-1.
  • Clifford, Michael; Coleman, Shane (2009). Bertie Ahern and the Drumcondra Mafia. Dublin: Hachette Books Ireland. ISBN 978-0-340-91904-0.
  • Collins, Stephen (2001). The Power Game: Ireland Under Fianna Fáil (2nd ed.). Dublin: O'Brien Press. ISBN 978-0-862-78720-2.
  • Coogan, Tim Pat (1993). De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-060-92690-8.
  • Dunphy, Richard (1995). The Making of Fianna Fáil Power in Ireland, 1923–1948. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-198-20474-9.
  • Dwyer, T. Ryle (2001). Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch. Cork: Mercier Press. ISBN 978-1-856-35368-7.
  • Dwyer, T. Ryle (1997). Short Fellow: A Biography of Charles J. Haughey. Dublin: Marino. ISBN 978-1-860-23142-1.
  • English, Richard (2006). Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-42759-3.
  • Ferriter, Dairmuid (2007). Judging Dev: A Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon de Valera. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 978-1-904-89028-7.
  • Foster, Roy (1988). Ireland 1660–1972. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0713990102.
  • Girvan, Brian; Murphy, Gary, eds. (2007). The Lemass Era: Politics and Society in the Ireland of Seán Lemass. Dublin: University College Dublin Press. ISBN 978-1-904-55829-3.
  • Horgan, John (1999). Seán Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-12939-3.
  • Kee, Robert (2000). The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism. London: Pengiun. ISBN 978-0-140-29165-0.
  • Kelly, Stephen (2016). 'A Failed Political Entity’: Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland Question, 1945-1992. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-1-785-37097-7.
  • Kelly, Stephen (2013). Fianna Fáil, Partition and Northern Ireland, 1926–1971. Kildare: Merion Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53186-9.
  • Leahy, Pat (2009). Showtime: The Inside Story of Fianna Fáil in Power. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. ISBN 978-1-844-88202-1.
  • McCabe, M.P. (2012). For God and Ireland: The Fight for Moral Superiority in Ireland 1922-1932. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-53162-3.
  • McGraw, Sean; O'Malley, Eoin, eds. (2018). One Party Dominance: Fianna Fáil and Irish Politics 1926–2016. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-30857-2.
  • Macardle, Dorothy (1968). The Irish Republic. London: Corgi. ISBN 978-0-552-07862-7.
  • Murphy, Gary (2016). "Chapter 6: Fianna Fáil and the politics of nemesis". Electoral competition in Ireland since 1987. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 129–154. ISBN 978-0-719-09766-9.
  • Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe (2010). "Throttling the IRA: Fianna Fáil and the subversive threat, 1939-1945". In Nic Dháibhéad, Caoimhe; Reid, Colin (eds.). From Parnell to Paisley: Constitutional and Revolutionary Politics in Modern Ireland. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-0-716-53062-6.
  • Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (2013). Destiny of the Soldiers: Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism and the IRA: 1926–1973. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-717-14763-2.
  • O'Brien, Mark (2001). De Valera, Fianna Fáil and the Irish Press: The Truth in the News?. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52733-6.
  • O'Donnell, Catherine (2007). Fianna Fáil, Irish Republicanism, and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1965–2005. Kildare: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-716-52859-3.
  • O'Haplin, Eunan (1997). "Parliamentary Party Discipline and Tactics: The Fianna Fáil Archives, 1926–32". Irish Historical Studies. 30 (120): 581–590.
  • Shonk, Kenneth B. (2021). Ireland's New Traditionalists: Fianna Fáil Republicanism and Gender, 1926-1938. Cork: Cork University Press. ISBN 978-1-782-05439-9.
  • Whelan, Noel (2012). Fianna Fáil: A Biography of the Party. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0-717-14761-8.
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Taoiseach of Ireland
Incumbent
Leo Varadkar
since 17 December 2022
Executive branch of the Irish Government
Department of the Taoiseach
StyleIrish: A Thaoisigh
TypePrime minister
StatusHead of government[a]
Member of
Reports toOireachtas
ResidenceNone[b]
SeatGovernment Buildings,
Merrion Street, Dublin
NominatorDáil Éireann
AppointerPresident of Ireland
Term lengthWhile commanding the confidence of the majority of Dáil Éireann. No term limits are imposed on the office.
Constituting instrumentArticle 28, Bunreacht na hÉireann
PrecursorPresident of the Executive Council (1922-1937)
Inaugural holderÉamon de Valera[c]
Formation29 December 1937[c]; 84 years ago
DeputyTánaiste
Salary€230,372 annually (2023)[18]
(including €107,376 salary as a TD)[19]
WebsiteDepartment of the Taoiseach


Parties with elected representation

[edit]

Oireachtas Éireann and European Parliament

[edit]

There are twelve parties in Ireland that have elected representation in either the Oireachtas or the European Parliament. Only Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, the Greens, and Sinn Féin have representation in both. In addition, all parties have elected representation at the local government level.


Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader Dáil Éireann Seanad Éireann European
Parliament
Local
government
European Parliament
group
International affiliation

Fianna Fáil
English: Warriors of Fál or
Soldiers of Destiny
1926
Centre to
centre-right
Big tent
Populism
Irish republicanism
Micheál Martin
36 / 160
[Note 1]
21 / 60
[Note 2]
2 / 13
276 / 949

[20]


Renew

Liberal International

Sinn Féin
English: We ourselves[Note 3]
1905
1970 (current form)
Centre-left to
left-wing
Irish republicanism
Democratic socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Mary Lou McDonald
36 / 160
4 / 60
1 / 13
144 / 949

GUE/NGL

Fine Gael
English: Tribe or Family of the Irish
1933 Centre-right Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Leo Varadkar
34 / 160
16 / 60
5 / 13
254 / 949

European People's Party

Centrist Democrat International

Green Party
Irish: Comhaontas Glas
1981 Centre-left Green politics Éamon Ryan
12 / 160
4 / 60
2 / 13
44 / 949

European Green Party

Global Greens

Labour Party
Irish: An Páirtí an Lucht Oibre
1912 Centre-left Social democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Ivana Bacik
7 / 160
4 / 60
56 / 949

S&D

Progressive Alliance

Socialist International

Social Democrats
Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Sóisialta
2015 Centre-left Social democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Holly Cairns
6 / 160
20 / 949

People Before Profit
Irish: Pobal Roimh Bhrabús
2005 Left-wing to far-left Socialism
Trotskyism
Anti-capitalism
Eco-socialism
Irish reunification
Collective leadership
4 / 160
6 / 949

Solidarity
Irish: Neart le Chéile
2014 Left-wing to far-left Socialism
Trotskyism
Anti-capitalism
Eco-socialism
Left-wing populism
Irish reunification
Collective leadership
1 / 160
3 / 949

Aontú
English: Unite
2019 Anti-abortion
Irish republicanism
Social conservatism
Soft euroscepticism
Peadar Tóibín
1 / 160
3 / 949

Right to Change
2020 Left-wing Democratic socialism
Trade unionism
Joan Collins
1 / 160

Independents 4 Change
Irish: Neamhspleáigh ar son an Athraithe
2014 Left-wing Socialism
Collective leadership
2 / 13
3 / 949

GUE/NGL
Human Dignity Alliance
Irish: Comhaontas Dhínit an Duine
2018 Right-wing Anti-abortion
Social conservatism
Christian Right
Euroscepticism
Rónán Mullen
1 / 60

Local government

[edit]
Party Active Political
position
Ideology Leader(s) Local
government

Independent Left
Irish: Páirtí Neamhspleách na hEite Clé
2019 Left-wing Socialism
Ecosocialism
Environmentalism
1 / 949
Kerry Independent Alliance
Irish: Comhaontas Neamhspleách Chiarraí
1992 Localism John O'Donoghue
1 / 949

An Rabharta Glas
English: Green Tide
2021 Left-wing Ecosocialism
Reformism
Just transition
Lorna Bogue
2 / 949

Republican Sinn Féin
Irish: Sinn Féin Poblachtach
1986 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Abstensionism
Socialism
Éire Nua
Seosamh Ó Maoileoin
1 / 949
Workers and Unemployed
Action Group

Irish: Grúpa Gníomhaíocht na nOibrithe
agus na nDífhostaithe
1985 Left-wing Socialism
Irish reunification
Séamus Healy
1 / 949

Workers' Party
Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe
1905 Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish republicanism
Collective leadership
1 / 949

Minor parties

[edit]
Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader(s)

Centre Party of Ireland
Irish: An Páirtí an Láir na hÉireann
2023
(originally founded in 2015 as Renua)[21]
Right-wing to far-right Anti-abortion
Christian democracy
Social conservatism
Economic liberalism
Euroscepticism
Vacant

Communist Party of Ireland
Irish: An Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann
1933
1970 (refoundation)
Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish reunification
Ciara Ní Mhaoilfhinn

Direct Democracy Ireland
Irish: Daonlathas Duitse in Éirinn
2010 Right-wing Direct democracy
Populism
Soft euroscepticism
Pat Greene

éirígí
English: Arise
2006 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Revolutionary socialism
Hard euroscepticism
Brian Leeson

Fís Nua
English: New Vision
2010 Left-wing Green politics None

Ireland First
Irish: Éire ar dTús
2022 Centre-right (claimed)
Far-right[22]
Irish nationalism
National conservatism
Anti-immigration
Hard euroscepticism
Derek Blighe

Irish Freedom Party
Irish: Cumann na Saoirse
2018 Right-wing to far-right Irish nationalism
Direct democracy
Anti-abortion
Anti-immigration
Hard Euroscepticism
Hermann_Kelly_(cropped) Hermann Kelly

Irish Republican Socialist Party
Irish: An Páirtí Poblachtach Sóisalach na hÉireann
1974 Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Hard euroscepticism
Ard Chomhairle
English: National Executive

National Party
Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta
2016 Right-wing to far-right Irish nationalism
Anti-abortion
Social conservatism
Anti-immigration
Hard euroscepticism
Justin Barrett
(disputed)[23]

Party for Animal Welfare
Irish: Cumann um Leas Ainmhithe
2018 Left-wing Animal rights
Animal welfare
Environmentalism
Darren Furlong
(acting)

Republican Network for Unity
Irish: Poblachtáigh do Aontiú
2007 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Socialism
RISE
Revolutionary Internationalist Socialist and Feminist[Note 4]
2019
(as a party)
2021
(as a political organisation)[24]
Left-wing Democratic socialism
Ecosocialism
Trotskyism
Internationalism

Saoradh
English: Liberation
2016 Far-left Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Revolutionary socialism
Hard euroscepticism
Stephen Murney

Socialist Party
Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach[Note 5]
1996 Left-wing to far-left Democratic socialism
Political radicalism
Trotskyism
Euroscepticism
Collective leadership

Socialist Workers Network
[Note 6]
1971 Left-wing Trotskyism
Revolutionary socialism
Irish reunification
Collective leadership
United People
Irish: Daoine Aontaithe
2015[Note 7] Big tent Populism
Direct democracy
Anti-corruption
Euroscepticism
Jeffrey Rudd

Defunct political parties

[edit]

Republic of Ireland (1937–present)

[edit]
Party Active Political
position
Ideology Leader(s)

Ailtirí na hAiséirghe
English: Architects of the Ressurection
1942–1958 Right-wing to far-right Fascism
Irish nationalism
Catholic social teaching
Pan-Celticism
Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin
Anti H-Block 1981 Left-wing Irish republicanism
The Five Demands
Collective leadership

Aontacht Éireann
English: Irish Unity
1971–1984 Irish republicanism Kevin Boland

Catholic Democrats
Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Caitliceacha
1995–2019 Right-wing Anti-abortion
Political Catholicism
Social conservatism
Euroscepticism
Nora Bennis
Christian Centrist Party
Merged into the Christian Solidarity Party in 1994
1991–1994 Right-wing Social conservatism Matt Ascough

Christian Solidarity Party
Irish: Chomhar Críostaí
1991–2014 Right-wing Social conservatism
Communitarianism
Gerard Casey
Richard Greene
Dáire FitzGerald
Clann_na_Poblachta_Logo
Clann na Poblachta
English: Family or Children of the Republic
1946–1965 Centre-left Irish republicanism
Social democracy
Seán MacBride
Clann na Talmhan
English: Family or Children of the Land
1939 – 1965 Centre-left Agrarianism
Social democracy
Populism
Michael Donellan
Joseph Blowick
Community Democrats of Ireland
Irish: Na Daonlathaithe Pobail na hÉireann
1979 Centre-left Liberalism
Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Córas na Poblachta
English: Republican System
1940–1944 Far-right Irish republicanism
Irish nationalism
Fascism
Simon Donnelly
Cork Civic Party
Irish: Cóisir Cathartha Chorcaí
1945 – 1966 Centre-right Conservatism
Economic liberalism

Democratic Left
Irish: Daonlathas Clé
1991 – 1999 Centre-left to left-wing Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Proinsias De Rossa

Democratic Socialist Party
Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach Daonlathach
1982 – 1990 Left-wing Democratic socialism
Secularism
Jim Kemmy

Identity Ireland
Irish: Aitheantas Éire
2015 – 2023 Right-wing to far-right Anti-immigration
Identarianism
Irish nationalism
Right-wing populism
Peter O'Loughlin

Independent Alliance
Irish: Comhaontas Neamhspleách
2015 – 2020 Big tent Localism
Nonpartisan politics
None

Independent Fianna Fáil
English: Fianna Fáil Neamhspleách
1972 – 2006 Irish republicanism Neil Blaney
Independent Socialist Party
English: An Páirtí Sóisialach Neamhspleách
1976 – 1978 Far-left Socialism
Irish republicanism

Irish Democratic Party
Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach na hÉireann
2013 – 2020 Centre Participatory democracy
Populism
Neil Blaney
Lia Fáil
English: Stone of Destiny
1957 – 1961 Far-right Agrarianism
Right-wing populism
Irish nationalism
Anti-communism
Fr John Fahy
Liberal Party of Ireland
Irish: An Páirtí Liobrálach
1967 – 1969 Centre to centre-left Liberalism
Social liberalism
Pro-Eruopeanism
Kevin Smith

Muintir na hÉireann
English: People of Ireland
1991– 1999 Right-wing Social conservatism
Populism
Richard Greene
National Labour Party
Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta an Lucht Oibre
1944 – 1950 Centre-left Social democracy
Anti-communism
William O'Brien
James Everett
Thomas Foran
National Progressive Democrats
Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach
1958 – 1963 Left-wing Socialism
Progressivism
Noël Browne
Jack McQuillan

National Socialist
Irish Workers Party

Irish: Páirtí Sóisialach Náisiúnta na
nOibrithe Éireannach
1968 – 1987 Far-right Neo-Nazism Terence Allan-Byrne

Progressive Democrats
Irish: An Páirtí Daonlathach
1985– 2009 Centre-right Conservative liberalism
Economic liberalism
Des O'Malley
Mary Harney
Michael McDowell
Noel Grealish
Renua
English: New Era
2015 – 2023 Centre-right to right-wing Conservativism
Anti-abortion
Economic liberalism
Lucinda Creighton
Terence Flannagan

Socialist Party of Ireland
Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach na hÉireann
1971 – 1982 Left-wing to far-left Marxist-Leninism
Eurocommunism
Pro-Soviet
Collective leadership

Socialist Labour Party
Irish: An Páirtí Sóisialach an Lucht Oibre
1977 – 1982 Left-wing Democratic socialism Noël Browne
Matt Merrigan

United Left
Irish: Aontaithe Chlé
2013 – 2015 Left-wing Democratic socialism Clare Daly
Joan Collins

United Left Alliance
Irish: Comhaontas Clé Aontaithe
2010 – 2013 Left-wing Democratic socialism Collective leadership

Irish Free State (1922–1937)

[edit]
Party Active Political
position
Ideology Leader(s)
Clann Éireann
English: Family of Ireland
1926–1927 Centre-right Irish republicanism William Magennis

Cumann na nGaedheal
English: Society of the Gaels
1923–1933 Centre-right Irish nationalism
Christian democracy
Conservatism
Pro-Treaty
W.T. Cosgrave
Cumann na Poblachta
English: Society of the Republic
1922–1923 Irish republicanism
Anti-Treaty
Éamon de Valera
Irish Workers' Party
Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe
1926–1927 Far-left Communism
Marxism
Irish republicanism
Roddy Connolly
National Centre Party
1932–1933 Centre-right Agrarianism
Conservatism
Christian democracy
Pro-Treaty
Frank MacDermot
National Corporate Party
Irish: Cumann Corpruiteac Náisiúnta
1935–1936 Far-right Irish republicanism
Fascist corporatism
Anti-communism
Eoin O'Duffy
National Democratic Party
Irish: An Páirtí Náisúinta Daonlathach
1923–1923 Agrarianism
Land reform
National League 1926–1931 Centre-right Conservatism
Pro-Treaty
Pro-Commonwealth
William Redmond
Thomas O'Donnell

Republican Congress

Irish: An Chomhdháil Phoblachtach
1934–1936 Far-left Irish republicanism
Socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Peadar O'Donnell
Frank Ryan
George Gilmore
Saor Éire
English: Free Ireland
1931–1931 Far-left Irish republicanism
Communism
Pro-Soviet
Peadar O'Donnell
Women's Social and
Progressive League
1937–1943 Feminism
Progressivism
Irish republicanism
Hannah Sheehy-Skeffington

Pre-Independence (1798-1922)

[edit]
Party Active Political
position
Ideology Leader(s)
Conservative Party 1834–1891 Centre-right Irish unionism
Conservatism
Home Rule

align=center|
Home Rule League

1873–1882 Centre to centre-left Irish nationalism
Home Rule
Liberalism
Isaac Butt
William Shaw
Charles Stewart Parnell
Irish National League 1882–1900 Centre-left Irish nationalism
Home Rule
Charles Stewart Parnell
Irish Loyal and
Patriotic Union
1885–1891 Big tent Irish unionism
Anti-Home Rule
Land League
Irish: Conradh na Talún
1879–1882 Centre-left Agrarianism
Land reform
Irish nationalism
Charles Stewart Parnell
Andrew Kettle
Michael Davitt
Thomas Brennan

Irish Parliamentary Party
1874–1922 Centre Irish nationalism
Liberalism
Home Rule
Isaac Butt
Charles Stewart Parnell
John Redmond
John Dillon
Joseph Devlin

Irish Unionist Alliance
1891–1922 Right-wing Irish unionism
Conservatism
Anglo-Irish interests
Colonel Saunderson
The Earl of Midleton

Liberal Party
1859–1922 Centre Liberalism (British)
Classical liberalism
Social liberalism
William Gladstone
Henry Campbell-Bannerman
H.H. Asquith
David Lloyd George
Repeal Association 1830–1848 Centre-left Irish nationalism
National liberalism
Catholic emancipation
Daniel O'Connell


Political parties with elected representation at a local, Assembly, or Westminster level level

[edit]

There are twelve parties in Ireland that have elected representation in either the Oireachtas or the European Parliament. Only Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, the Greens, and Sinn Féin have representation in both. In addition, all parties have elected representation at the local government level.


Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Designation Leader(s) Local
government
Northern Ireland Assembly House of Commons
(NI Seats)
House of Lords

Sinn Féin
English: We ourselves[Note 8]
1905
1970 (current form)
[Note 9]
Centre-left[25] to
left-wing
[26]
Irish republicanism
Democratic socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Nationalist Michelle O'Neill[Note 10]
144 / 462
27 / 90
7 / 18
(abstentionist)

Democratic Unionist Party
1971 Right-wing[27][28] British unionism
British nationalism
National conservatism
Right-wing populism
Euroscepticism
Unionist Jeffrey Donaldson
122 / 462
25 / 90
8 / 18
6 / 779

Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
1970 Centre[29] to centre-left[30] Liberalism[31][32][33]
Nonsectarianism[34][35]
Pro-Europeanism[36]
Other Naomi Long
67 / 462
17 / 90
1 / 18
0 / 779
[Note 11]

Ulster Unionist Party
1905 Centre-right[37] Unionist Doug Beattie
54 / 462
9 / 90
2 / 779

Social Democratic and Labour Party
1970 Centre-left[40][41] Nationalist Colum Eastwood
39 / 462
8 / 90
2 / 18
0 / 779
[Note 12]

Traditional Unionist Voice
2007 Right-wing[44] Unionist Jim Allister
9 / 462
1 / 90

People Before Profit
2005 Left-wing[48] to far-left[49] Trotskyism[50]
Socialism[51]
Anti-capitalism[52]
Irish reunification[53]
Other[Note 13] Collective leadership
2 / 462
1 / 90

Green Party NI
1985 Centre-left to left-wing Green politics[38]
Nonsectarianism
Pro-Europeanism[54]
Other Malachai O'Hara
5 / 462

Progressive Unionist Party
1985 Centre-left[55][56] to
left-wing[57]
British unionism
Ulster loyalism
Democratic socialism[58][59]
Social democracy
Unionist Russell Watton
1 / 462

Northern Ireland Conservatives
1989 Centre-right British unionism
Conservatism
Economic liberalism
Unionist Paul Leeman
3 / 779

Other registered parties

[edit]

Nationalist and republican

[edit]
Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader(s) Notes
Aontú
English: Unity
2019 Anti-abortion
Social conservatism
Irish republicanism
Peadar Tóibín

Communist Party of Ireland
Irish: An Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann
1933
1970 (refoundation)
Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish reunification
Jimmy Corcoran (General Secretary)

Fianna Fáil
English: Warriors of Fál or
Soldiers of Destiny
1926 Centre to
centre-right
Irish republicanism
Conservatism
Christian democracy
Populism
Micheál Martin Since 2007, Fianna Fáil has been officially registered in Northern Ireland, but has not formally fielded any election candidates as of yet, despite members passing motions to at successive árdfheiseanna [60]. Ógra Fianna Fáil launched cumainn (branches) at QUB and UU in the same year. From 2019 to 2022, it was in partnership with the SDLP. [61]

Irish Republican Socialist Party
1974 Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Hard euroscepticism
Ard Chomhairle
English: National Executive

Republican Network for Unity
2007 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Socialism

Saoradh
English: Liberation
2016 Far-left Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Revolutionary socialism
Hard euroscepticism
Stephen Murney

Workers' Party
Irish: An Páirtí na nOibrithe
1905 Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Irish republicanism
Collective leadership

Unionist and loyalist

[edit]
Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader(s) Notes

Heritage Party
2020 Right-wing Euroscepticism
British unionism
British nationalism
Social conservatism
Right-wing populism
David Kurten

Others

[edit]
Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader(s) Notes

Cross-Community Labour Alternative
2015 Left-wing Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism
Nonsectarianism
Owen McCracken

Labour Party in Northern Ireland
1900 Centre-left Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Erskine Holmes UK Labour has historically had a policy not to stand in Northern Ireland. Until recently it was not possible for residents to even join the party; however this was changed on legal advice. An officially recognised branch party was set up in 2003. SDLP MPs unofficially take the Labour whip.

Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats
1988 Centre to Centre-left Liberalism
Social liberalism
Nonsectarianism
Pro-Europeanism
Stephen Glenn The Liberal Democrats currently have a policy not to stand in Northern Ireland but to support their sister party, the Alliance Party, with many holding dual-membership, and Alliance peers take the Liberal Democrat whip.

Socialist Party
1996 Left-wing to far-left Democratic socialism
Political radicalism
Trotskyism
Euroscepticism
Collective leadership

Unregistered parties

[edit]
Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader(s) Notes

32 County Sovereignty Movement
1997 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Dissident republicanism
Socialism
Anti-imperialism
Francie McKey Does not contest elections, operates as a pressure group.

Fine Gael
English: Family or Tribe of the Irish
1933 Centre-right Christian democracy
Liberal conservatism
Pro-Europeanism
Leo Varadkar Although Fine Gael is not officially registered in Northern Ireland, individual members have historically supported SDLP candidates during elections.[62] In 2019, YFG launched its first branch in Northern Ireland at Queen's University Belfast, attended by then-Minister for European Affairs Helen McEntee.[63]

Labour Party (Ireland)
1912 Centre-left Social democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Ivana Bacik Irish Labour has historically contested elections in Northern Ireland, although it has not done so since 1962. Its current policy is to support its sister-party, the SDLP.[64] Recently however, the party has considered officially registering and fielding candidates in future elections [65]

National Party
Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnta
2016 Right-wing to far-right Irish nationalism
Anti-abortion
Social conservatism
Anti-immigration
Hard euroscepticism
Justin Barrett
(disputed)[66]

Republican Sinn Féin
Irish: Sinn Féin Poblachtach
1986 Left-wing Irish republicanism
Abstensionism
Socialism
Éire Nua
Seosamh Ó Maoileoin



Department of the Taoiseach
Roinn an Taoisigh

Government Buildings, Dublin
Department of State overview
Formed2 June 1924; 100 years ago (2 June 1924) (as the Department of President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State)
JurisdictionGovernment of Ireland
HeadquartersGovernment Buildings, Merrion Street Upper, Dublin
53°20′12″N 6°15′34″W / 53.33667°N 6.25944°W / 53.33667; -6.25944
Annual budget€260 million (2024)[67]
Ministers responsible
Department of State executives
  • John Callinan, Secretary General
  • Émer Deane, Assistant Secretary, British and Northern Ireland Affairs Division
  • Helen Blake, Assistant Secretary, EU and International Division
  • John Shaw, Assistant Secretary, Economic Division
  • Elizabeth Canavan, Assistant Secretary, Social Policy and Public Service Reform
  • Dermot Woods, Assistant Secretary, Government Secretariat and Parliamentary Liaison Unit
  • Mary Keenan, Assistant Secretary, Corporate Affairs Division
WebsiteDepartment of the Taoiseach
Department of Foreign Affairs
Roinn an Gnóthaí Eachtracha

Iveagh House, Dublin
Department of State overview
Formed22 January 1919; 105 years ago (22 January 1919)
JurisdictionGovernment of Ireland
HeadquartersIveagh House, 80 St Stephen's Green, Dublin
53°20′12″N 6°15′34″W / 53.33667°N 6.25944°W / 53.33667; -6.25944
Annual budget€1.108 billion (2024)[68]
Ministers responsible
Department of State executives
  • Joseph Hackett, Secretary General
  • John Conlan, Deputy Secretary
  • Sonja Hyland, Deputy Secretary
Child Department of State
WebsiteDepartment of Foreign Affairs


Northern Ireland Assembly

Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann
Norlin Airlan Assemblie
Seventh Assembly
Type
Type
History
Founded25 June 1998 (current form)
Preceded byUK Parliament (pre-devolution)
Parliament of Northern Ireland (1921-1972)
Leadership
Edwin Poots
since 3 February 2024
Matthew O'Toole, SDLP
since 3 February 2024
Structure
Seats90
Political groups
Executive (77)

Official Opposition (7)

Other Opposition (5)

Speaker (1)

Committees
  • Executive Office
  • Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
  • Communities
  • Economy
  • Education
  • Finance
  • Health
  • Infrastructure
  • Justice
  • Assembly and Executive Review
  • Audit
  • Business
  • Procedures
  • Public Accounts
  • Standards and Privileges
Salary£55,000 per year + expenses
Elections
Additional member system
Last election
5 May 2022
Next election
On or before 6 May 2027
RedistrictingRecommendations made by the Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland; confirmed by the Secretary of State
Meeting place
Assembly Chamber, Parliament Buildings
Parliament Buildings, Stormont,
Belfast, Northern Ireland
Website
www.niassembly.gov.uk
Rules
Standing Orders of the Northern Ireland Assembly
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