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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 17 running from name Edward to name Erskine.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 17 Edward - Erskine. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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  1. ^ Edward, Eadward, or Eadweard, called The Elder (d. 924), king of the Angles and Saxons ; son of Alfred; chosen king by the witan 901; defeated and slew his rival, Ethelwald, 905; obtained co-operation of Guthrum Eohricsson, Danish under-king of East Anglia, in promoting a code which recognised Danish customs; defeated Danish forces at Tettenhall, 910, and at Wodensfleld, 911; received the submission of the Danes of East Anglia, Essex, and Cambridge, 918; annexed Mercia after the death of his sister, Ithelnajd, Lady of the Mercians 919; subdued the Welsh, who were abetting Danish inroads, 921; extended his dominion to the Hurnber; introduced the West-Saxon shire-division into Mercia; increased the number of sees in southern England.
  2. ^ Edward or Eadward the Martyr (963?–978), king of the English; sou of Eadgar; chosen king after some opposition, 975; his ecclesiastical policy directed by Dunstan; assassinated by the thegns of his step-mother, .Slfthryth; officially styled martyr as early as 1001.
  3. ^ Edward or Eadward, called The Confessor (d. 1066), king of the English; son of Ethelred the Unready; brought up at the monastery of Ely; kept out of the sovereignty by Cnut; resided at the court of Harthacnut, 1041-2: crowned, 1043; allied himself with Henry, king of the French; received homage of Magnus of Norway; married Eadgyth, daughter of Earl Godwine of Wessex, 1045; favoured monasticism; entrusted the administration of government to personal favourites; appointed a coadjutor-archbishop of Canterbury with Godwine's co-operation, 1044: fitted out a fleet to meet a threatened Scandinavian Invasion; sent representatives to Council of Rheims, 1049; built Westminster Abbey as the price of papal absolution for breaking his vow to make a pilgrimage to Rome; rejected Elfric, a kinsman of Godwine, who had been canon ically elected to the archbishopric of Canterbury, for Robert of Jumieges, bishop of London, 1051: discontinued the heregeld, a tax for the maintenance of the fleet, 1051; quarrelled with Godwine, and entertained William, duke of the Normans, (afterwards William I), at his court: reconciled to Godwine, who, with his son Harold, had undertaken an invasion of England, 1052; intended to make his nephew, Eadward the JEtheling, heir; banished jElfgar, earl of the East-Angles, who in revenue assisted Grnffydd, prince of north Wales, to make war on England; compelled to part with his favourite Tostig, against whose government of Northumbriu the Danish population had risen in revolt, 1065; buried in the newly consecrated Westminster Abbey; canonised, 1161. His so-called laws are said to have been drawn up from declarations made on oath by twelve men of each shire in 1070.
  4. ^ Edward I (1239–1307), king of England ; eldest son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence: married to Eleanor of Castile, sister of Alfonso X, 1254, his father giving him Gascony, Ireland, Wales, Bristol, Stamford, and Grantham; countenanced his lieu tenant in Wales, Geoffrey Langley, in forcing on the Welsh the English system of counties and hundreds, thereby provoking a war with Llywelyn, prince of Wales, 1256; acted with Simon, earl of Leicester, in obtaining the formulation of the provisions of Westminster, 1259; made war upon the Welsh, who sympathised with the, burouial malcontents, 1263; attacked North ampton, capturiiiSimon de Montfort the younper, 12fi4; caused his father Henry Ill's defeat at Lewes by nn illadvised pursuit of the retreating Londoners, lifii-4: defeated the barons at Evesham, 12C.5; received the submission of the Oinqm- ports, 1266: compelled the surrender of Kenilworth Castle on conditions, 1266; overawed into submission the rebel lords who had been disinherited after Eveshara, and were then occupying the Isle of Ely, lit; 7; steward of England, 1268; warden of the city and Tower of London, 1268; gamed popularity by abolishing the levy of customs from the city of London, and by urging a statute forbidding the Jews to acquire the property of Christians by means of pledges, 1269: sailed for Syria as a crusader, 1271; relieved Acre, and won a victory at Haifa: wounded with a poisoned dagger by an envoy of the emr of Jaffa, 1272; made a truce with the emir, 1272; succeeded to the English crown, 1272; made a triumphal progress through Europe, and defeated the Count of Chalons at thelittle battle of Chalons an ostensible tourney, 1273; crowned king of England, 1274; legislated with a view to the overthrow of feudalism and the growth of the parliamentary system; promulgatedStatute of Westminster the First 1276; made war upon Llywelyn of Wales, who had repeatedly refused to attend any of the king's parliaments, and (1276) obtained his submission; promulgated Statute of Gloucesterto amend working of territorial jurisdictions, 1278; caused all the Jews and goldsmiths in England to be arrested on the charge of clipping the coin, 1278; did homage to Philip of France for Ponthieu, and surrendered all claim to Normandy, 1279; defeated and slew Llywelyn in Radnorshire, 1282; determined that David, Llywelyn's brother, should be tried before a full representative of the laity which sentenced him to be drawn, hanged, beheaded, disembowelled, and quartered, 1283; assimilated the administration of Wales to the English pattern by the 'Statute of Wales 1284; publishedStatute of Westminster the Second 1285; spent much time in France and Gascony, 1286-9; returned to England, 1289; appointed commissioners to inquire into the misdemeanours of his judges during his long absence, 1289: forbade sub-infeudation in the statute Quia emptores 1290; banished the Jews, 1290; lost his queen, Eleanor of Castile, 1290; appointed (1290) Antony Bek governor of Scotland, the throne of which was soon afterwards claimed by thirteen competitors; put John Baliol in seisin of the Scottish kingdom, 1292; deprived of Gascony by Philip IV, 1294; received grants for the settlement of Welsh, French, and Scottish difficulties from- a parliament in which the three estates of the realm were perfectly represented, 1295; stormed Berwick to punish Baliol for contemplating revolt, 1296; accepted Baliol's surrender of Scotland, 1296: compelled the clergy to make a grant for the defence of the kingdom, 1297; met with protracted opposition from his barons in regard to proposed campaign in Gascony, 1297; set sail for Bruges in pursuance of a promise to help the Count of Flanders against the French, 1297; induced by Boniface VIII to make a truce with France, by which he recovered Gascony, but deserted his ally, the Count of Flanders, 1298; defeated William Wallace on Linlithgow Heath, 1298; confirmed the Great Charter, but added proviso in favour of the rights of the crown to the confirmation of the Forest Charter 1299; made second expedition to Scotland, refusing demand of Scottish lords that Baliol be allowed to reign, 1300; denounced as a marauder by Archbishop Robert de Winchelsea, 1300; his troubles with the baronage ended by the death of Humphrey Hoi inn, earl of Hereford; captured Stirling Castle, 1304; ordered execution of Wallace, who had been betrayed, 1305; suspended his old enemy, Archbishop Winchelsea, by the connivance of the new pope, Clement V, 1306; died at Burgh-on-Sauds while on his way northward to crush the rebellion of Robert Bruce, who threatened to undo the judicial system recently drawn up for Scotland; was buried in Westminster Abbey on 27 Oct. 1307.
  5. ^ Edward II of Carnarvon (1284–1327), king of England; son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile; regent during his father's absence in Flanders, 1297-8; created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 1301: served on the Scottish campaigns of 1301, 1303, and 1304, carrying his habits of extravagance into camp-life; knighted, 1306; devastated the Scottish borders, 1306; succeeded to the crown, 1307; made Aymer de Valence guardian of Scotland, 1307; created Piers Gaveston, his favourite, Earl of Cornwall, 1307: married Isabella, daughter of Philip the Fair, king of France, 1308; appointed Gaveston regent of Ireland, 1308, being compelled by the council to banish him; undermined baronial opposition, and achieved Gaveston's restoration to his earldom, 1309; comjx'11.1 by threats of withdrawal of allegiance to consent to the appointment of twenty-one lords ordainers, 1310; marched northwards under the pretence of attacking Bruce, really to avoid Lancaster, his chief opponent, and the ordainers, 1310; allowed Guveston to be exiled, 1311; committed to a civil war by the return of Gaveaton, 1312, who was soon afterwards seized by the Earl of Warwick and murdered, June, 1312; supported by Hugh le Despenser and the Earls of Pembroke and Warenne; granted an amnesty to the malcontents, 1313; took the field against Bruce, and, neglecting the Earl of Gloucester's warning not to join battle under unfavourable circumstances, was defeated at Bannockburn, 1314; forced to submit to Lancaster, 1314; regained his authority on Lancaster's failure to suppress Irish, Welsh, and Scottish disaffection, 1316: negotiated with Lancaster, 1318; failed to take Berwick, 1319; made a favourite of Hugh le Despenser the younger : reluctantly agreed to the banishment of both Deapensers, 1321; besieged Leeds Castle, which had closed its gates against the queen, 1321; conducted a campaign in the west against the Mortimers, 1321; recalled the Despensers, 1322; slew the Earl of Hereford and captured Lancaster, who was beheaded without a hearing at Boroughbridge, 1322; vainly attempted to subdue Scotland, 1322; concluded truce with Scotland for three years, 1323: alienated Queen Isabella by his fondness for the younger Despenser, 1324; allowed Isabella to go to France in his stead to pay homage for Aquitaine and Ponthieu, whence she returned (1326) to dethrone him; fled westward, and after many wanderings was taken at Neath; forced to resign the throne, 1327; brutally treated by his gaolers in Berkeley Castle, and murdered; currently reported in the next generation to have died a hermit in Lombardy.
  6. ^ Edward III (1312–1377), king of England : eldest son of Edward II; Earl of Chester, 1320; received county of Ponthieu and duchy of Aquitaine, 1325; proclaimed guardian of the kingdom in the name of his father, 1326; chosen king, 1327; was for four years the figure-head of his mother Isabella and of Mortimer's rule; out-manoeuvred in Scotland by Moray and Douglas, 1327; gave up all claim to Scotland by the treaty of Northampton, 1328; married Philippa of Hainault, 1328; claimed the French throne through his mother Isabella, but was set aside for Philip of Valois, 1328; paid homage to Philip VI for his French fiefs, 1329, refusing liege homage; executed Mortimer, and placed the queen-mother in honourable confinement, 1330; performed liege homage for Guyenne and Ponthieu, 1331; invited Flemish weavers to come to England and teach the manufacture of fine cloth, 1332; secured recognition of Edward de Baliol as king of Scotland, 1332; defeated Scots at Halidon Hill, 1333, and restored Baliol twice: his seneschals expelled from Agenois by Philip VI, 1336; laid a heavy customs duty on sacks of wool and woolfells to raise money for a war with France, 1337; gained the goodwill of James van Artevelde, a citizen of Ghent, who procured him an alliance with Ghent, Ypres, Bruges, and Cassel; made treaty for hire of troops with the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, thereby displeasing Pope Benedict XII, 1337; appointed imperial vicar by Lewis of Bavaria, 1338; laid siege to Cambray, 1339. when cannon is said to have been first used; assumed title of king of France in order to retain Flemish support, 1340; returned to England to get supplies voted by parliament; defeated French fleet in the Sluys, 1340; reproached John de Stratford, archbishop of Canterbury, for retarding supplies, though he had urged him to undertake the war, 1341; landed at Brest in consequence of an offer from John of Montfort to hold Brittany of him conditionally, 1342; made truce with the king of France for three years at Ste. Madeleine, 1343; built round tower of Windsor Castle, 1344; wrote to the pope that Philip had broken truce and that he declared war upon him, 1345; sacked Barfleur, Valonges, Carentan, St. L6, and Caen, 1346; executed strategic movements culminating in total destruction of French army atCrecy, near Abbeville, 1346; the Scots routed at Nerill's Cross by his generals, 1346; blockaded Calais, which surrendered at discretion (1347), after the withdrawal of a French relief force; spared the lives of the citizens of Calais at the request of bis queen, 1347; returned to England, 1347; founded the order of the Garter, 1349; lot his daughter, Joan, by the black death pestilence; passedStatute of Labourers 1351; defeated a Spanish fleet in the service of France off Winchelsea, 1360: enacted theStatute of Provisors 1351,of TreAsons 1352, andof Pra?munire 1353; released King David of Scotland from the Tower, 1357; gained Aquitaine, Calais, Guisnes, and Ponthieu by the treaty of Bretlgny, in which he renounced all claim to the French crown, 1360; entertained knight* from Spain, Cyprus, and Armenia, who had come to solicit aid against the Mahometans, 1362; erected Gascony and Aquitaine into a principality, 1362; passed statute ordering discontinuance of French in the law courts, 1362; concerted project with David II for union of England and Scotland, 1363; forbade payment of Peter's pence, 1366, from annoyance at the pope's attempt to recover arrears of the tribute promised him by King John: endeavoured by the Statute of Kilkenny (1367) to check the adoption of Irish customs by the English colonists; disapproved of the depredations of the English free companies in France; sent the Black Prince to help Pedro of Castile against his half-brother, Henry of Trastaniare, 1367; involved In a second French war by Charles V's complaints of the free companies, 1369; carried on a desultory warfare in Poitou and Touraine, in revenge for which the French burnt Portsmouth, 1369; gave himself up to the influence of Alice Ferrers, a concubine, on the death of his queen, 1369; dissented from the Prince of Wales's conduct of the French war; laid hands on church property in order to raise supplies, 1371; renewed league with Brittany, 1371, and made treaty with Genoa, 1372; the Earl of Pembroke, his lieutenant in Aquitaine, defeated by a French and Spanish fleet at Rochelle, 1372; despatched armament against Du Guesclin in Brittany, 1373; lost Aquitaine, 1374; his latter years embittered by national discontent and the rivalry between his chief minister, Lancaster, and the Commons. During the first part of his reign he inaugurated an enlightened commercial policy, and devoted so much attention to naval administration as to be entitled by parliament the king of the sea
  7. ^ Edward IV (1442–1483), king of England ; son of Richard, duke of York; born at Rouen; Earl of March; attainted as a Yorkist, 1459; returned from Calais with the Yorkist earls, Warwick and Salisbury, and defeated Henry VI's force at Northampton, 1460; swore fealty to Henry VI, 1460; defeated Henry's restless queen, Margaret, at Mortimer's Cross, 1461; proclaimed himself king, 1461; utterly defeated the Lancastrians at Towton, 1461; crowned, 1461; captured Margaret's strongholds in the north of England, 1463; believed himself, on insufficient grounds, to have conciliated Somerset, a prominent Lancastrian, 1463; privately married Elizabeth Woodville, widow of Sir John Grey, 1464, ultimately disclosing the fact to his council when a match with Bona of Savoy was under consideration; married his sister Margaret to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 1468; his position threatened by the intrigues of the Earl of Warwick, who was offended by his rejection of the French marriage alliance which he had proposed, and was, with the Duke of Clarence, plotting his overthrow; taken prisoner by ths archbishop of York, one of the leaders in insurrection of Robin of Redesdale, 1469; released by Warwick, who, with Clarence, offered his assistance in putting down, a rebellion (1470) which he had himself organised; de. feated the rebels at Losecoat Field, 1470; proclaimed Warwick and Clarence traitors, 1470; compelled to seek refuge in Holland by the joint-attack of Warwick and Clarence, as concerted with Margaret of Anjou, 1470; enabled by the money of the Duke of Burgundy to return to England, 1471; reconciled to Clarence; took Henry VI, who had just been reappointed king, in the field, and defeated and slew Warwick at Barnet, 1471; captured Queen Margaret at the battle of Tewkesbury, 1471, and slew her son immediately afterwards; quelled the Kent rising under the Bastard Falconbridge see FAUCOMIKKU, THOMAS, whom he compelled to surrender Sandwich and the navy he had brought from Calais, 1471; raised money by means of benevolences and in other unprecedented ways for a projected invasion of France, 1474; actually invaded France, but was beguiled by the astuteness of Louis XI, who succeeded in making him desert his ally, the Duke of Burgundy, by a seven yearstreaty at Picquigny, 1475; imprisoned and murdered his brother Clarence, who had aspired to the hand of Mary, daughter of the Duke of Burgundy, 1478; ignored the appeal of Mary of Burgundy for protection against Louis XI from fear of losing his French pension and the stipulated marriage of his daughter to the dauphin, both secured by the treaty of Picquigiiy; undertook a partially successful expedition against Scotland to dethrone James III on the plea of illegitimacy, and to procure the abandonment of the old French alliance, 1482; died, as French writers believed, of mortification at the treaty of Arras (1482), by which it was arranged between Maximilian of Burgundy and Louis XI that Margaret, daughter of the former prince, should be married to the dauphin.
  8. ^ Edward V (1470–1483), king of England ; eldest son of Edward IV, by his queen, Elizabeth Woodville see ELIZABETH (1437 ?-1492); created Prince of Wales, 1471; entrusted by his father to the care of a council of control, of which his uncles, Clarence and Gloucester, and his maternal uncle, Earl Rivers, were members, 1471; justiciar of Wales, 1476: succeeded to the crown, 1483; conducted to London by the Duke of Gloucester, who had previously imprisoned Earl Rivers and Lord Richard Grey at Pomfret, 1483; sent to the Tower with his brother, the Duke of York, 1483; deposed by an assembly of Lords and Commons, at which was brought in a roll, setting forth Gloucester's right to the crown, by the alleged invalidity of Edward IVs marriage with Elizabeth Woodville; murdered, with the Duke of York, by order of Gloucester, then Richard III, according to an irrefragable account first given in detail by Sir Thomas More.
  9. ^ Edward VI (1537–1553), king of England ; son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour; his education entrusted to Richard Cox, Sir John Cheke, Sir Anthony Cooke, and Roger Ascham; a finished Greek, Latin, and French scholar; luteuist and amateur astronomer; knighted by the Earl of Hertford, his uncle and protector of the realm, 1547; appointed Hertford Duke of Somerset, 1547; crowned, 1547; made John Knox and Bishop Ridley, Latimer, and Hooper court preachers; commended by Martin Bucer in a letter to Calvin; agreed to the execution of Lord Seymour (1549), who had attempted to displace his brother, Somerset, taking advantage of Somerset's departure to Scotland to enforce a treaty, by which Edward was to marry Mary Queen of Scots; his marriage with Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II of France, settled in 1551, but deferred; nonchalantly agreed to the execution of Protector Somerset on charges brought by Warwick, then Duke of Northumberland, 1552; instructed by William Thomas, clerk of the council, in statecraft; preserved neutral attitude in war between the emperor and the French king, 1552; showed deep concern at the illness of Sir John Cheke, his friend and tutor, 1552; attacked by consumption, 1553; gave palace of Bridewell to corporation of London as a workhouse 1553; converted the old Grey Friars monastery into Christ's Hospital, 1553; induced by Northumberland todevise the succession to Lady Jane Grey, 1553. Numerous portraits of Edward are extant, most of them by Holbein.
  10. ^ Edward, Prince of Wales (1330–1376), called the Black Prince, and sometimes Edward IV and Edward of Woodstock; eldest son of Edward III; created Duke of Cornwall, 1337; guardian of the kingdom in his father's absence, 1338, 1340, and 1342; created Prince of Wales, 1343; knighted by his father at La Hogne, 1346; commanded the van at Crécy, his father intentionally leaving him to win the battle, 1346; named the Black Prince after the battle of Crécy, at which he was possibly accoutred in black armour; took part in Edward III's Calais expedition, 1349; appointed king's lieutenant in Gascony, and ordered to lead an army into Aquitaine, 1355; pillaged Avignonet and Casteluaudary, sacked Carcassonne, and plundered Narbonne, 1355; ravaged Auvergne, Limousin, and Berry, 1356; failed to take Bourges, 1356; offered terms of peace to King John, who had outflanked him near Poitiers, but refused to surrender himself as the price of their acceptance, 1356; routed the French at Poitiers, and took King John prisoner, 1356; returned to England, 1357; negotiated the treaty of Bretigny, 1360; created Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony, 1362; his suzerainty disowned by the lord of Albret and other Gascon nobles; directed by his father to forbid the marauding raids of the English and Gascon free companies, 1364; entered into an agreement with don Pedro of Castile and Charles of Navarre, by which Pedro covenanted to mortgage Castro de Urdialès and the province of Biscay to him as security for a loan; a passage was thus secured through Navarre, 1366; received letter of defiance from Henry of Trastumare, Don Pedro's half-brother and rival, 1367; defeated Henry at Nájara after an obstinate conflict, 1367; failed to obtain either the province of Biscay or liquidation of the debt from Don Pedro, 1367; prevailed on the estates of Aquitaine to allow him a hearth-tax of ten sous for five years, 1368, thereby alienating the lord of Albret and other nobles; drawn into open war with Charles V of France, 1369; took Limoges, where he gave orders for an indiscriminate massacre (1370) in revenge for the voluntary surrender of that town to the French by its bishop, who had been his private friend; returned to England, 1371; resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony, 1372; led the commons in their attack upon the Lancastrian administration, 1376; buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his surcoat, helmet, shield, and gauntlets are still preserved.
  11. ^ Edward, Prince of Wales (1453–1471), only son of Henry VI; created Prince of Wales, 1454; taken by his mother, Queen Margaret, for safety to Harlech Castle after the Lancastrian defeat at Northampton, 1460; disinherited in parliament, 1460; present at the second battle of St. Albans, 1461; knighted by his father, 1461; carried by Margaret into Scotland, 14tl, and into Brittany and France, 1462; ultimately given, together with his mother, a refuge in Lorraine; his cause favoured by Louis XI and ! Rene of Lorraine, who arranged with the Earl of Warwick a temporarily successful invasion of England, 1470; set sail for England too late to follow up this advantage; defeated at Tewkesbury, 1471, and slain, after being brutally insulted, by order of Edward IV.
  12. ^ Edward, Earl of Warwick (1475–1499), eldest son of George, duke of Clarence; brought up, after his father's murder, by his aunt, Anne, duchess of Gloucester; knighted by Richard III, 1483; imprisoned in the Tower I by Henry VII, 1485; personated by Simnel in Ireland, 1487, in consequence of which Henry VII showed him for one day in the streets of London; personated by Wilford, 1498; beheaded on the ridiculous pretence that he had conspired against Henry VII, though he had merely helped Warbeck to plan the escape of both from prison.
  13. ^ Dafydd Edward (d. 1690). See Edward David (poet).
  14. ^ Thomas Edward (1814–1886), the Banff naturalist; settled in Banff to work at his trade of shoemaker, 1834; exhibited at the Banff fair a taxodermic collection, formed by himself, 1845; discovered twenty new species ! of British sessile-eyed Crustacea; curator of the museum of the Banff Institution; associate of the Linnean Society, 1866; placed on the civil list, 1876.
  15. ^ Sir Herbert Benjamin Edwardes (1819-1868), Indian official; attended classes at King's College, London, 1837; cadet, Beneral infantry, 1841; second lieutenant, Bengal fusiliers, 1842; Urdu, Hindi, and Persian interpreter* to his regiment: contributed to theDelhi Gazette'Letters of Brahminee Bull in India to his cousin John in England; aide-de-camp to Sir Hugh Gough at the battles of Moodkee (1845) and Sobraon (1846), and assistant (1847) to Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence, resident of Lahore; reformed civil administration of Banu, 1847; twice routed, on his own responsibdity, the rebel Diwan Mulraj, prince of Multan, 1848; brevet-major and C.B.; D.C.L. Oxford, 1850; founded Abbottabad, 1853; commissioner of Peshawur, 1853-9; prevailed upon Sir John Lawrence to make a treaty of non-interference with the amir of Afghanistan; induced Sir John Lawrence to sanction the levy of a mixed force, which was employed against the mutineers, 157; knighted; LL.D. Cambridge; K.B.; commissioner of Umballa, 1862; returned to England finally, 1865; major-general and C.S.I.; vice-president of the Church Missionary Society.
  16. ^ Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards (18:U 189 2), novelist and egyptologist: contributed to Chambers's Journal, Household words, and All the Year Round, and served on staff otSaturday Rev.ew and Morning Post; published eight novels between 1855 and 1880; first visited Egypt, 1873-4, and began study of i egyptology; did much to bring about foundation of Egypt Exploration Fund, 1882, and was first joint honorary secretary; lectured in United States, 1889-90, and published lectures asPharaohs, Fellah.*, and Explorer? 1891. She bequeathed her egyptological library and collections to University College, London, together with money to found a chair of egyptology.
  17. ^ Arthur Edwards (d. 1743), major; F.S.A., 1725; first major of the second troop of horse guards in Grosvenor Street, London; gave £7,000 and bequeathed two thousand volumes of printed books to the Cotton Library.
  18. ^ Bryan Edwards (1743–1800), West India merchant; partner in, and ultimately possessor of, an uncle's business in Jamaica; member of the colonial assembly, attacking taritf against United States; West India merchant in England, establishing a bank at Southampton, 1792; M.I, Grumpouud, 1796; anti-abolitionist; satirised Peter Pindar; chief works, The History of the British Colonies in the West Indies 1793, and an Historical Survey of the Trench Colony in the Island of St. Domingo 1797.
  19. ^ Charles Edwards (d. 1691?), Welsh author ; entered at All Souls College, Oxford, 1644; expelled by the parliamentary visitors, 1648; elected scholar of Jesus College, Oxford, 1648; honorary fellow, 1649; B.A., 1649; presented to the sine cura of Llanrhaiadr, 1653; deprived, 1GOO. His works includeHanes y Ffydd Dditl'uaut a kind of history of Christianity, 1671, and Hebraicorum Cambro-Britannicorum Specimen maintaining the Hebrew origin of the Welsh language, 1875.
  20. ^ Edward Edwards (1738–1806), painter; of humble origin; gained premium of the Society of Arts for his Death of Tatius 1764; A.R.A., 1773; travelled in Italy, 1775-6; professor of perspective at the Royal Academy, 1788; published fifty-two etchings, 1792.
  21. ^ Edward Edwards (1803–1879), marine zoologist; improved construction of aquaria by hia invention of a dark-water chamber slope-back tank
  22. ^ Edward Edwards (1812–1886), librarian ; supernumerary assistant in the printed book department of the British Museum, 1839, where he catalogued the Great Rebellion tracts; published returns, occasionally untrustworthy, of library statistics in the Athenaeum e. 1846; materially assisted William Ewart, the originator of free library legislation, 1850; first librarian of the Manchester Free Library, 1850-8. His works include Memoirs of Libraries 1859, Lives of the Founders of the British Museum 1870, and a biography of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1865.
  23. ^ Edwin Edwards (1823–1879), painter and etcher ; at one time examining proctor in the admiralty and prerogative courts; exhibited Cornish coast scenes at the Royal Academy; published a. work upon Old Inns of England profusely illustrated with etchings, two legal treatises, and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction 1833.
  24. ^ George Edwards (1694–1773), naturalist; arrested as a presumable spy by Danish soldiers at Friedrichstadt, 1718; librarian of the Royal College of Physicians, 1733: F.R.S.; F.S.A., 1762; chief work, a History of Birds 1743-64.
  25. ^ George Edwards (1762–1823), author; M.D. Edinburgh, 1772; author of The Practical System of Human Economy 1816, and other books of applied sociology.
  26. ^ George Nelson Edwards (1830–1868), physician; medical student at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; M.D. Cambridge, 1451); lecturer on forensic medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1866; physician to the hospital, 1 ao 7-8; became gradually blind; published The Examination of the Chest in a Series of Tables 1862.
  27. ^ Henry Thomas Edwards (1837–1884), dean of Bangor; Williams exhibitioner at Westminster; B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1860; vicar of Aberdare, 1866-9, .marvon, 1869; dean of Bangor, 1876; addressed a letter to W. E. Gladstone entitledThe Church of the Cymry explaining the prevalence of dissent in Wales, 1870; published sermons and religious pamphlets; committed suicide.
  28. ^ Humphrey Edwards (d. 1658), regicide; joined parliamentarianc, finding loyalty to Charles I pecuniarily unprofitable; M.P. for Shropshire; signed Charles I's death-warrant, 1649; thrust himself into the chief ushership of the exchequer, 1650; commissioner of South Wales, 1651.
  29. ^ James Edwards (1757–1816), bookseller and bibliographer; purchased the Pinelli library at Venice, 1788, and sold it by auction, 1789; purchased (1786) the Bedford Missal (temp. Henry VI); th Rinaldo of Dibdin.
  30. ^ John Edwards or Edwardes (fl. 1638), Sedleian reader at Oxford; educated at Merchant Tuylon and St. John's College, Oxford; probationer-fellow, 1617; head-master of Merchant Taylors 1632-4; Sedleian reader of natural philosophy, 163d-48; deprived, 1648; M.D.
  31. ^ John Edwards (Sion Treredyn) (fl. 1651), translator; translated the Marrow of Modern Divinity into Welsh, 1651; ejected from living of Tredynock.
  32. ^ John Edwards (1637–1716), Calvinistic divine: son of Thomas Edwards (1699-1647); educated at Merchant Taylorsand St. John's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1657: fellow, 1659; M.A., 1661; lecturer of Bury St. Edmunds; resigned his fellowship and became minister of St. Sepulchre's, Cambridge; D.D., 1699; wrote largely against Sociniauism and the Armenians, also against Locke's Reasonableness of Christians
  33. ^ John Edwards (Sion y Potiau) (1700?-1776), poet and translator (1767-8) of the Pilgrim's Progress into Welsh.
  34. ^ John Edwards (1714–1785), dissenting minister of Leeds; published theological works.
  35. ^ John Edwards (Sion Ceiriog) (1747–1792), Welsh poet; joint-founder of the Venedotian Society. 1770, and president, 1783; poet, orator, and astronomer.
  36. ^ John Edwards (1751–1832), poetical writer; lieutenant-colonel of light dragoons in the volunteer army of Ireland; published Interests of Ireland 1815, Kathleen (a ballad of Irish history), 1808, and Abradates and Panthea: a Tragedy 1808.
  37. ^ Jonathan Edwards (1629–1712), controversialist; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1659; fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, 1662; principal, 1686; rector of Kiddington, and, in 1681, of Hinton-Ampuer; D.D., 1686; vice-chancellor, 1689-91; treasurer of LlandatT, 1687; treated Socinus as the founder of a new religion in A Preservative against Socinianism 1693-1703.
  38. ^ Lewis Edwards (1809–1887), Welsh Calviuistic methodist; studied at London and Edinburgh universities; first Calvinist M.A. of Edinburgh; ordained, 1837; editor of Y Traethodydd The Essayist), 1845-65; principal of Bala College for fifty years, lecturing on classics, ethics, metaphysics, and theology; D.D. Edinburgh, 1865; best-known work Athrawiaeth yr lawn Atonement, 1860.
  39. ^ Richard Edwards (1523?–1566), poet and play. Wright; B.A. Corpus Christ! College, Oxford, J544; fellow, 1544; student of Christ Church, and M.A., 1547; master of the children of the Chnpel Royal, 1561; competed 1 Palamon and Arcite for Queen Elizabeth's entertainment at Oxford, 1666; eulogised by Meres. The Excellent Comedie of ... Damon and Pithias, 1571, is his only extant play.
  40. ^ Roger Edwards (1811–1886), Welsh Calviuistic methodist; editor of Cronicl yr Oes an early Welsh political paper, 1835-9: secretary of the Calviuistic Methodist Association, 1839-74; D.D.; editor of theDrytorfa 1846-86.
  41. ^ Sydenham Teak Edwards (1769?–1819), natural historical draughtsman; founder of the Botanical Magazine executed drawings from 1788 for the Botanical Magazine and Flora Londiniensis; started the Botanical Register; supplied plates for the New Botanic Garden 1805-7.
  42. ^ Thomas Edwards (fl. 1595), poet; author of two long narrative poems (recently discovered), Cephalis and Procris and Narcissus contributed to Adrianus Romanus's Parvum Theatrum Urbi urn," fifty-five Latin hexameters on the cities of Italy, 1595; possibly identical with a Thomas Edwards (fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; D.C.L., 1590), who became chancellor to the bishop of London.
  43. ^ Thomas Edwards (1599–1647), author of Gangraena; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge; university preacher at Cambridge, where he became known as Young Luther; ordered to recant, 1628; licensed to preach in St. Botolph's, Aldgate, 1629; suspended by Laud; a zealous presbyterian, attacking the independents in Antapologia 1644; published Gangraena; or a... Discovery of many Errours, Heresies, Blasphemies, and pernicious Practices 1646, an intemperate polemic; died in Holland.
  44. ^ Thomas Edwards (1652–1721), divine and orientalist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1677; engaged to assist in the Coptic impression of the New Testament, 1685; chaplain of Christ Church, Oxford; rector of Aldwinckle All Saints, 1707-21; left a Coptic lexicon ready for the press.
  45. ^ Thomas Edwards (1699–1757), critic; entered at Lincoln's Inn, 1721; F.S.A., 1745; published, on the appearance of Warburton's edition of Shakespeare (1747), an ironical supplement, subsequently namedThe Canons of Criticism; friend of Samuel Richardson; wrote Miltonic sonnets.
  46. ^ Thomas Edwards (1729–1785), divine; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1754; fellow; master of the free grammar school and rector of St. John the Baptist, Coventry, 1758-79; D.D., 1766; published Prolegomena in Libros Veteris Testamenti Poeticos 1762, and wrote against doctrine of irresistible grace, 1759.
  47. ^ Thomas Edwards (. 1810), divine; son of Thomas Edwards (1729-1785) q. v.; LL.B. Clare College, Cambridge, 1782; fellow of Jesus College, 1787; LL.D.; published treatise on free inquiry in religion, 1792.
  48. ^ Thomas Edwards (1775?–1845), law reporter; LL.D. Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1805; fellow of Trinity Hall and advocate at Doctors' Commons; Surrey magistrate; compiled a collection of admiralty cases, 1812.
  49. ^ Thomas Edwards (Caerfallwych) (1779–1858), Welsh author; published An Analysis of Welsh Orthography 1845, and an English and Welsh Dictionary 1850.
  50. ^ Thomas Charles Edwards (1837–1900), divine; son of Lewis Edwards; M.A. London, 1862; B.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1866; M.A., 1872; first principal of University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1872-91, of Welsh Calvinistic methodist theological college, Bala, 1891; D.D. Edinburgh, 1887, University of Wales, 1898; published religious works.
  51. ^ William Edwards (1719–1789), bridge-builder in South Wales; originated (1761) the invention of perforated haunches to remove the pressure to which the single arch of his bridge over the Taff had succumbed; independent minister.
  52. ^ William Camden Edwards (1777–1855), engraver, mainly of portrait-plates. "
  53. ^ Thomas Edwardston (d. 1396), Augustinian friar; D.D. Oxford; prior of Clare, Suffolk; accompanied Lionel, duke of Clarence, to Italy as confessor; acted as archbishop of some English diocese.
  54. ^ Edwin or Eadwine, Lat. Aeduinus (585?633), king of Northumbria; son of Aella, king of Deira, on whose death in 688 he fled before JEthelric of Bernicia, conqueror of Deira, to Cearl of Mercia: subsequently sought asylum with Raedwald, king of the East-Ansles, 617; his surrender promised by Raedwald to Jthelfrith, .fithelric's son and successor; accosted by Paulinus, who gave him a sign for future recognition, soon after which Raedwald defeated and slew.Ethelfrith, 617. Edwin thereupon became king of Deira, and, annexing Bernicia and neighbouring territory, formed the united Northumbrian kingdom; extended his power in all directions; in 625 married.fflthelburh, sister of Eadbald, king of Kent; converted to Christianity by the action of Paulinus in reminding him of the sign given him at Rredwald's court; baptised, 627; appointed Paulinus archbishop of York; defeated and slain in battle with Peuda of Mnvin.
  55. ^ Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin (177*1 ?-1854), actress; nte Richnrds; appeared, when eight years old, at I the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin; acted at Covent Garden in Murphy'sCitizen 1789; the original Lady Traffic in Riches, or the Wife and Brother at the Lyceum, 1810; I played, 1821, the Duenna in Sheridan's comic opera at j Drury Lane, where she had been engaged at the recommendation of T. Sheridan.
  56. ^ Sir Humphrey Edwin (1642–1707), lord mayor of London; wool merchant in Great St. Helens; master of the Barber-SurgeonsCompany, 1688; member of the SkinnersCompany; sheriff of Glamorganshire, and knighted, 1687; present as sheriff of London and Middlesex (1688-9) at the proclamation of William and Mary; commissioner of excise, 1689-91; captain of a trainband regiment and of the horse volunteers: cashiered from his military appointments for nonconformity, 1690; lord mayor, 1697; acquiesced in an order to discontinue his much ridiculed practice of attending nonconformist meetings in full civic state, 1697.
  57. ^ John Edwin , the elder (1749–1790), comedian; secretary for one year to the South Sea Trust; took comic parts at the Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin, and at Bath; for a long time the mainstay of the Hay market; appeared at Covent Garden after 1779; associated with John O'Keeffe, who wrote comic songs for him; created Figaro in the Spanish Barber and Punch in Pleasures of the Town (adaptation from Fielding); played Dogberry, Cloten, Sir Anthony Absolute, and similar characters; praised by Column as a burletta singer.
  58. ^ John Edwin , the younger (1768–1805), actor ; son of John Edwin the elder; appeared at the Haymarket as Hengo inBoriduca 1778, and as Blister in 'The Virgin Unmasked 1792; committed suicide from mortification at a lampoon.
  59. ^ Edwy or Eadwig (d. 959), king of the English; eldest son of Eadmund and St..Slfgifu; became king, 955; exiled Dunstan for refusing to authorise his proposed marriage with Elfgifu; forced by the witan to resign the country north of the Thames to his brother Eadgar, 957; appointed two opponents of Dunstan's monastic reforms to the see of Canterbury,
  60. ^ Lord Edzell (1651?–1610). See Sir David Lindsay.
  61. ^ John Eedes (1609?–1667?), divine; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1630; ejected from his ministry in the isle of Sheppey during the civil war; published The Orthodox Doctrine concerning Justification by Faith asserted and vindicated 1654.
  62. ^ Richard Eedes (1555–1604). See Edes.
  63. ^ Richard Eedes (d. 1686), presbyterian divine; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1634; subscribed the covenant; vicar of Beckford, 1647-58; attempted, without success, to conciliate the court party after the Restoration; published homilies.
  64. ^ Effingham first EARL of the second creation (1767-1845). See Kenneth Alexander Howard.
  65. ^ Barons Effingham . See HOWARD, LORD WILLiam, first BARON, 1510?–1573; HOWARD, CHARLES, second BAROK, 1536-1624.
  66. ^ James Egan (1799–1842), mezzotint engraver; of humble origin; learnt his art while employed in laying mezzotint grounds for S. W. Reynolds (1773-1836); died before attaining success.
  67. ^ John Egan (1750?–1810), chairman of Kilmainham, co. Dublin; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1773; called to the Irish bar, 1778; bencher of King's Inns, Dublin, 1787; LL.D., honor-is causd, Dublin, 1790; chairman of Kilmainham; sat for Tallagh in the Irish House of Commons.
  68. ^ Pierce Egan, the elder (1772–1849), author of Life in London; attacked the Prince Regent and Mrs. Robinson in The Mistress of Royalty; or the Loves of Florizel and Perdita 1814; issued Boxiana; or Sketches of Modern Pugilism a monthly serial, 1818-24; brought out Life in London; or. The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn... and... Corinthian Tom, accompanied by Bob Logic in monthly numbers from 1821, a book which was frequently dramatised and pirated: published a didactic sequel, 1828: furnished the slang phrases to Francis Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar: Tongue 1823; commenced Pierce Main's Life in London and Sporting Guide a weekly newspaper, 1824; completed his serial, Pierce Egan's Book of Sports and Mirror of Life 1832; dedicated to Queen VictoriaThe Pilgrims of the Thames in Search of the National 1838.
  69. ^ Pierce Egan , the younger (1814–1880), novelist; son of Pierce Bgan the elder; executed etchings for The Pilgrims of the Thames in Search of the National,* 1837; published novels of the feudal period; edited the 4 Home Circle 1849-61; contributed to London Journal and other periodicals; best-known works, Eve: or the Angel of Innocence 1867, and The Poor Girl 1862-3; pioneer of cheap literature.
  70. ^ Egbert or Ecgbehrt, Saint(639–729), a noble Angle, who visited the cells of the masters to study in Ireland after 652; priest and monk in accordance with a vow; remonstrated with the Northumbrian king, Ecgfrith, on his unprovoked war with the Irish, c. 684;, visited St. Columba's monasteries in lona, 716; successfully advocated the Roman Easter in Iona, 716, introducing also the Roman tonsure, 718.
  71. ^ Egbert or Ecgbehrt (d. 766), archbishop of York; cousin of Oeolwulf, king of Northnmbria; archbishop of York, 732-66; obtained his pall from Rome, 735; supreme in ecclesiastical matters, issuing also coins bearing his own name along with that of his brother Eadbert, king of Northumbria; founded the cathedral school of York, in which he himself taught; wrote Latin ecclesiastical works.
  72. ^ Egbert, Ecgbehrt, or Ecgbryht (d. 839), king of the West-Saxons: son of Ealhmund, an underking of Kent: banished from England by Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, the latter conceiving his throne to be endangered by Egbert's ancestral claims; lived at the court of Charlemagne till 802; accepted as king by the West-Saxons, 802; routed a force of Cornishmen, c. 826; regained the kingdom of Kent; received final submission of Mercia, 828; overlord of Northumbria, and eighth Bretwalda, 829; defeated by Scandinavian pirates at Charmouth, 835; probably brought the shire military organisation to its completion in Wessex; agreed to a perpetual alliance with the archbishop of Canterbury at Kingston, 838; defeated nortbmen and Cornishmen at Hengestduue, 837.
  73. ^ Charles Chandler Egerton (1798–1885), surgeon; learnt medicine at the then united hospitals of St. Thomas's and Guy's; assistant-surgeon on the Bengal establishment to deal with eye-disease among the IndoEuropean lads of the lower orphan school, 1823; oculist at the Indian Eye Hospital: first surgeon at the Calcutta Medical College Hospital.
  74. ^ Daniel Egerton (1772–1835), actor ; bred to the law; member of the Covent Garden Company, Henry VIII, Tullus Aufidius, Syphax, and Clytus being esteemed his best parts in tragedy; manager of the Olympic, 1821, and of Sadler's Wells, 1821: ruined by the failure (1834) of the Victoria Theatre, of which he was proprietor.
  75. ^ Francis Egerton , third and last Duke of Bridgewater (1736–1803); devoted himself, after making the grand tour, to the development of his coal mines at Worsley, Lancashire, 1759; called the founder of British inland navigation on account of the canal which he employed James Brindley to construct from Worsley to Manchester, 1760; constructed, under great pecuniary difficulties, a canal connecting Manchester and Liverpool, 1762-72; subscribed lOO.OOO. to the loyalty loan;the first great Manchester man
  76. ^ Francis Egerton , first Earl of Ellesmere (1800-1857), statesman and poet; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; captain in the Staffordshire regiment of yeomanry, 1819; M.P., Bletchingley, 1822-6; an early promoter of free-trade and the London University; M.P. for Sutherland, 1826 and 1830, for South Lancashire, 1835, 1837, and 1841-6; privy councillor, 1828; privy councillor for Ireland, 1828; secretary at war, 1830; D.C.L. Oxford, 1834; rector of King's College, Aberdeen, 1838; first president of Camden Society, 1838; president of the British Association, 1842, and of other learned bodies; created Viscount Brackley of Brackley and Earl ,t Kll.-smere of Kllesmere, 1846; K.G., 1855. HiB translations includeF aust... and Schiller's Song of the Ik-li; 1823, and Araari'aHistory of the War of the Sicilian Vespers 1850, bin original works Donna Charitea, poems and aGuide to Northern Archneology 1848.
  77. ^ Francis Henry Egerton, eighth Earl of Bridgewater (1756–1829), founder of the 'Bridgewater Treatises son of John Egerton, bishop of Durham ; educated at Eton, Christ Church and All Souls Oollege, Oxford; M.A., 1780; fellow of All Souls, 1780; prebendary of Durham, 1780: held livings in Shropshire: F.R.S., 1781; F.S.A., 1791; prince of the Holy Roman Empire: succeeded as Earl of Bridgewater, Viscount Brackley, and Baron Ellesmere, 182H: left 8.000J. for tinbest work on The Goodness of God as manifested in the Creation which was divided among the eight authors of theBridgewater Treatises published translations, family biographies, and other works.
  78. ^ John Egerton, first Earl of Bridgewater (1579-1649), son of Sir Thomas Egerton, baron Ellesmere ; served in Essex's Irish expedition, 1599; M.P., Shropshire, 1601; knighted, 1603; honorary M.A. of Oxford, whither he accompanied James I, 1605; created Earl of Bridgewater, 1617: privy councillor, 1626; lordlieutenant of Wales, 1631, Milton's Comus being written for the festivities held at Ludlow Castle (1634) on the occasion of his taking up the appointment.
  79. ^ John Egerton, second Earl of Bridgewater (1622-1686), eldest surviving son of John, first earl; represented the Elder Brother in Milton's Comus at its first performance, 1634; high steward of Oxford University, 1663; M.A., 1663: privy councillor, 1666 and 1679: a commissioner to inquire into fche expenditure of the Dutch war vote, 1667.
  80. ^ John Egerton , third Earl of Bridgewater (1646-1701), eldest surviving son of John, second earl; K.B., 1660; knight of the shire for Buckinghamshire, 1685; succeeded as earl, 1686; removed from lord-lieutenancy of Buckinghamshire, as disaffected, 1687: re-instated by William III; privy councillor; first lord of the admiralty, 1699; lord-justice of the kingdom, 1699.
  81. ^ John Egerton (1721–1787), bishop of Durham; educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford; prebendary of Hereford, 1746; king's chaplain, 1749; dean of Hereford, 1750; D.C.L.: bishop of Bangor, 1756-68: bishop of Lichfield, 1768-71: prebendary of St. Paul's, 1768; bishop of Durham, 1771; granted a new charter to the city of Durham, 1780.
  82. ^ Sir Philip De Malpas Grey-Egerton (1806-1881), palaeontologist: educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1828; travelled with a friend over Germany, Italy, and Switzerland, in quest of fossil fishes; M.P. for Chester, 1830 and 1835-68, for West Cheshire, 1868-81; contributed to the Decades of the Geological Survey of Great Britain F.G.S., 1829; F.R.S., 1831; Wollaston medallist of the Geological Society, 1873; published antiquarian works and catalogues of his collections.
  83. ^ Sarah Egerton (1782–1847), actress; nee Fisher; appeared at Bath, 1803: overshadowed as a tragedian at Covent Garden (1811-13) by Mrs. Siddons; the original Ravina in Pocock's Miller and his Men 1813: excelled in melodrama.
  84. ^ Stephen Egerton (1555?–1621?), puritan divine; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1579; leader in formation of presbytery at Wandsworth; suspended for refusing to subscribe Whitgift's articles, 1584; imprisoned, 1590: minister of St. Anne's, Blackfriars, 1698-c. 1621; introduced petition to the lower house of convocation for a reformed prayer-book, 1604; published sermons.
  85. ^ Sir Thomas Egerton, Baron Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley (1640?–1617), lord chancellor ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1572; governor of the inn, 1580; treasurer, 1587; solicitor-general, 1681; attorney-general, 1592; knighted, 1593; master of the rolls, 1694-1603; lord-keeper, 1596 and 1603; privy councillor: employed by Elizabeth on diplomatic commission*; befriended Francis Bacon, and (1599) counscllcil Essex to show greater prudence; made Baron Ellesmere and lord.-hancellor, 1603; obtained a Star-ch:unber declaration that the deprivation in 1605 of puritan ministers was legal: enforced the catholic penal laws: helped to determine the Act of Union between England and Scotland (1606 and 1607), maintaining the right of a Scotsman born after James I's accession to hold land in England, 1608; chancellor of Oxford, 1610-17; obtained from Bacon an opinion in favour of the equity court against Coke, 1616; created Viscount Brackley, 1616; resigned the lord chancellorship, 1617; complimented by Sir John Davies, Camden, Ben Jouson, and Samuel Daniel; left in manuscript judicial and legal treatises.
  86. ^ Augustus Leopold Egg (1816–1863), subject painter; student in the Royal Academy, 1836, exhibiting his Spanish Girl 1838: R.A., 1860. His first work of importance, The Victim, was engraved in the Gems of European Art.
  87. ^ Robert Egglesfield (d. 1349). See Eglesfield.
  88. ^ William Egglestone (fl. 1605–1623). See Ecclestone.
  89. ^ Francis Eginton (1737–1805), painter on glass; partner with Boulton in the production of mechanical paintings or polygraphs, the process having been perfected by himself; established a factory at Birmingham, in which he revived glass-painting, in the form of transparencies on glass; given commissions for various ecclesiastical buildings.
  90. ^ Francis Eginton (1775-1823), engraver; nephew of Francis Eginton (1737-1805); illustrated topographical and historical works.
  91. ^ Robert of Eglesfield (d. 1349), founder of the Queen's College, Oxford; said to have been B.D. of Oxford; chaplain to Queen Philippa, and rector of Burgh, Westmoreland; established theHall of the Queen's Scholars of Oxford" by royal charter, 1341; drew up statutes for his foundation, 1341; possibly identical with Robert de Eglesfield, knight of the shire for Cumberland in 1328.
  92. ^ William Egley (1798–1870), miniature-painter ; exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy from 1824 and at other institutions.
  93. ^ Earls of Eglinton . See MONTGOMERIE, HUGH, first EARL, 1460?-1545; MONTOOMERIK, HUGH, third EARL, 15317-1585; MONTGOMERY, ALEXANDER, sixth EARL, 1588-1661; MONTGOMERIB, HUGH, seventh EARL, 1613-1669; MONTGOMERIE, ALEXANDER, ninth EARL, 16607-1729; MONTGOMERIE, ALEXANDER, tenth EARL, 1723-1769; MONTGOMERIE, ARCHIBALD, eleventh EARL, 1726-1796; MONTGOMERIE, HUGH, twelfth EARL, 17391819; MONTGOMERIE, ARCHIBALD, thirteenth EARL, 18121861.
  94. ^ George Eglisham (fl. 1612–1642), Scottish physician and poet; M.D., probably of Leyden; physician to James VI, 1616; undertook in hisDuellum Poeticum to prove that George Buchanan had been guilty of impiety towards God, perfidy to his prince, and tyranny to the muses 1618; published (1626)Prodromus Vindictee a pamphlet charging the Duke of Buckingham with being a poisoner; retired to Brussels from the anger of the duke, 1626.
  95. ^ Earls of Egmont . See PERCEVAL, JOHN, first Earl 1683–1748 ; PERCEVAL, JOHN, second EARL, 1711
  96. ^ Earls of Egremont . See WTNDHAM, SIR Charles, second EARL, 1710–1763 ; WYXDHAM, SIR George O'BRIEN, third EARL, 1751–1837.
  97. ^ Georg Dionysius Ehret (1710–1770), botanic draughtsman; born at Erfurt; contributed the drawings to Linnaeus'B 4 Hortus Cliffortianus 1737; befriended in England by the Duchess of Portland, Dr. Mead, and Sir Hans Sloane; chief published works, Plant Selectee 1750, andPlant et Papiliones selectee 1748-50.
  98. ^ Eineon (Jl. 1093), Welsh prince and warrior; in accordance with promise to Testin, prince of Morganwsr. secured Norman aid for him against Rhys, chief king of South Wales, on the condition that he should marry Testin's daughter: organised a revolt which gave South Wales to the Normans, lestin having ignored his agreement when victorious
  99. ^ Philalethes Eirenaeus (b. 1622?), alchemist; real name unknown: claimed to have discovered philosopher's stone, 1645; friend of Robert Boyle and George Starkey; published works on alchemy, 1654-84.
  100. ^ Sir Charles Ekins (1768–1855), admiral; son of Jeffery Ekins; served at the relief of Gibraltar, 1782: lieutenant, 1790: invalided home from the West Indies with despatches, 1801; took part in expedition against Copenhagen, 1807, operations off Portugal, 1808, ami Baltic cruise, 1809; wounded at Algiers, 1816: C.B. and C.W.N.: admiral, 1841: G.C.B., 1852: published work on recent British naval engagements, 1824.
  101. ^ Jeffery Ekins (d. 1791), dean of Carlisle: educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge: M.A., 1758: assistant-master at Eton; chaplain to the Earl of Carlisle; rector of Quainton, 1761-75, of Morpeth, 1775, and of Sedgefield, 1777; D.D. Cambridge, 1781: dean of Carlisle, 1782; friend of Richard Cumberland; poet, and translator of The Loves of Medea and Jason from Apollonius Rhodius, 1771.
  102. ^ Lord Elchies (1690–1754). See Patrick Grant.
  103. ^ Lord Elcho (1721–1787). see David Wemyss.
  104. ^ George Eld (1791–1862), antiquary ; editor of the Coventry Standard; last mayor of Coventry before the Municipal Reform Act, 1834-5; restored the fourteenth-century interior of the mayoress's parlour, Coventry, 1834-5.
  105. ^ Charles Elder (1821–1851), historical and portrait painter; sent to St. Paul's School, 1834; commenced exhibiting at the Academy with a Sappho 1845.
  106. ^ Edward Elder (1812–1858), head-master of Charterhouse; educated at Charterhouse: scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1830; Ellerton prizeman; M.A., 1836; tutor of Balliol; head-master of Durham Cathedral grammar school, 1839; head-master of Charterhouse, 1853; D.D., 1853; contributed articles to Smith'sDictionary of Classical Biography and Mythology
  107. ^ John Elder (fl. 1555), Scottish writer ; studied at St. Andrews, Aberdeen, and Glasgow universities: presented Henry VIII with a plot or topographical description of Scotland, 1542; denounced Cardinal David Beaton in a letter to Henry VIII; converted to Romanism, 1553.
  108. ^ John Elder (1824–1869), marine engineer and shipbuilder; continued Randolph, Elder & Cos shipbuilding business, 1868; successfully constructed compound engines; read before the United Service Institute a paper onCircular Ships of War, with increased motive power 1868; president of the Glasgow Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders, 1869: regarded as an authority on the capital and labour problem.
  109. ^ Thomas Elder (1737–1799), lord provost of Edinburgh, 1788-90, 1792-4, and 1796-8; broke up the Edinburgh meeting of the British Convention unaided, 1793; first colonel of the Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, 1794; postmaster-general for Scotland, 1795; procured rebuilding of Edinburgh College.
  110. ^ William Elder (fl. 1680–1700), engraver; an expert engraver of writing; engraved portrait of Ben Jonson for the folio edition of Jonson's works of 1692.
  111. ^ Christopher Elderfield (1607–1652), divine ; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford; chaplain to Sir William Goring, Burton, Sussex; author of The Civill Right of Tythes 1650, and a theological work.
  112. ^ William Elderton (d. 1692?), ballad-writer; master of a company of comedians; attorney in the Sheriff's Court: published scurile balates on Campion's execution, 1581. The opening of one of his ballads is quoted in Much Ado about Nothing v. 2.
  113. ^ Lord Eldin (1757–1832). See John Clerk.
  114. ^ Eldon first Earl of (1751–1838). See John Scott
  115. ^ John Eldred (1552–1632), traveller ; visited, in company with some brother merchants (1583), Tripoli, Aleppo, and Bassorah; wrote account of voyage; took cargo of spices from Bassorah to Bagdad; journeyed through Palestine and Arabia; member of the first court of directors of the East India Company, 1600; patentee for the pre-emption of tin, customs farmer, and commissioner for the sale of lands under James I.
  116. ^ Thomas Eldred (ft. 1586–1622), mariner of Ipswich; nailed in one or both of the voyages of Thomas Cavendish; commander or factor under the Eabt India Company, 1600-9.
  117. ^ William Eldred (ft. 1646), master gunner of Dover Castle; mentions his service as gunner in Germany and the Low Countries in The Gunner's Glasse 1646, an account of the great gun exercise as then practised.
  118. ^ Eleanor, Alienor, or Aenor, Duchess of Aquitaine, queen successively of France and England (1122?-1204), queen of Henry II; daughter of William X, duke of Aquitaine; married by her father's arrangement to Louis VII of France, 1137; intrigued with her uncle, Raymond I, prince of Antioch, while attending her husband on a crusade, 1146; helped Louis to pacify Aquitaine, 1152; divorced from Louis by a church council on the ostensible plea of consanguinity, 1152; married Henry, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II of England. 1152; enabled by her ancestral claims to induce Henry II to attack Toulouse, 1159; abetted her children's conspiracy against their father, Henry II, 1173; arrested and put under strict guard at Salisbury or Winchester, 1173; present at the reconciliation of Henry II and his sons, 1184; released, 1185; secured the undisturbed recognition of Richard I as king, 1189; prevented John, who was meditating treachery against his brother, from crossing to France, and exacted an oath of fealty to Richard I from the lords of the realm, 1192; organised force to resist contemplated invasion of John and French king, 1193; laid waste Anjou, which had declared for her grandson Arthur against King John, 1199; relieved by John when Arthur and Geoffrey de Lusignan besieged her in Mirabeau Castle, 1202; buried in Fontevraud Abbey, where she had once lived in retirement,
  119. ^ of Oastile Eleanor (d. 1390), queen of Edward I ; daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile; married to Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I, at Las Huelgas, 1254, thereby giving the English crown claims on Gascony and her mother's possessions of Ponthieu and Montreuil; entered London, 1255; refugee in France, 1264-5; accompanied her husband (1270) on his crusade; sometimes said to have saved Edward I's life by sucking a poisoned wound; crowned, 1274; acquired estates by help of Jewish usurers. Edward I marked the route taken by her funeral procession from Nottinghamshire to London by erecting crosses at its halting-places.
  120. ^ Eleanor of Provence (d. 1291), queen of Henry III; daughter of Raymond Berenger IV, count of Provence; married to Henry III, 1236; lost popularity by her alleged partiality to Poitevin adventurers in England; reconciled Henry III and the earl marshal, 1241; accompanied her husband on his abortive expedition to Gascony 1242; joint-governor of England with the king's brother, 1253; summoned council of Westminster, 1254: impoverished herself, the king, and the archbishop of Canterbury, to support the ambition of Thomas of Savoy, 1255; collected mercenaries at Sluys to fight for Henry in the barons war, 1264; died a nun at Amesbury.
  121. ^ John Philip Elers (ft. 1690–1730), potter ; of Saxon descent; came to London with the Prince of Orange, 1688; established pottery works near Burslem, c. 1690; with his brother produced a red unglazed ware having slight raised ornamentations of an oriental character; introduced salt-glazing into Staffordshire.
  122. ^ Elfleda or Aelflead (654–714?), abbess of Whitby; dedicated to the church by her father, Oswiu, as a thankoffering; for his victory over Penda, 655; abbess of
  123. ^ Eliot Whitby, jointly with her mother, Eanflaxl, 680; on the side of Wilfrith at the Northumbrian synod, 705.
  124. ^ Elfleda (d. 918?). See Ethelfleda.
  125. ^ Richard Elford (d. 1714), vocalist; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1702; lay vicar at St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey; took part in the performance before Queen Anne of Eccles's Birthday Songs 1703; famous as a singer of sacred music.
  126. ^ Sir William Elford (1749–1837), banker, politician, and amateur artist; mayor of Plymouth, 1797; M.P., Plymouth, 1796-1806, and Westbury; M.P., Rye, 1807-8; lieutenant-colonel of the South Devon militia iii Ireland, 1798-9; F.R.S., 1790; created baronet, 1800; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1774-1837; friend of William Pitt (1759-1806).
  127. ^ Elfrida (945–1000).
  128. ^ Earls of Elgin . See BIIUCK, ROBERT, second Earl d. 1685; BRUCE, THOMAS, third EARL, 1665?1741; BRUCE, THOMAS, seventh EARL, 1766-1841; BRUCE, JAMES, eighth EARL, 1811-1863.
  129. ^ Elgiva (fl. 956). see Aelfgifu.
  130. ^ John Elias (1774–1841), Welsh Calvinistic methodiet; taught in the first Sunday school in Carnarvonshire; itinerant preacher in Carnarvonshire; learnt English and studied the Greek and Hebrew scriptures; ameliorated moral and religious condition of Anglesey; ordained, 1811; helped to draw up the methodists articles of faith, 1823; opposed Anninian methodism and catholic emancipation; a famous preacher; published religious tractates in Welsh.
  131. ^ Ney Elias (1844–1897), explorer and diplomatist : F.R.G.S., 1865; went to Shanghai in employment of a mercantile house, 1866: led expedition to examine courses of Hoang-ho, 1868; travelled across Gobi desert from great wall to Nijni Novgorod, 1872; received founder's medal of Roj al Geographical Society, 1873: his services secured by Indian government; held diplomatic posts in India; made numerous journeys in various parts of Asia, solving on one occasion the problem as to which was the upper course of the Oxus; retired from service, 1896; published works relating to bis journeys.
  132. ^ Lord Elibank (d. 1621). See Sir Gideon Murray.
  133. ^ Elibank, fifth Baron (1703–1778). See Patrick Murray.
  134. ^ Lord Eliock (1712–1793). See James Veitch.
  135. ^ Edward Eliot, Baron Eliot (1727–1804), politician; visited Montesquieu in company with Lord Charlemont; knight of the shire for Cornwall; M.P., St. Germans, 1748-68, Liskeard, 1768-75, Cornwall, 17751784; created Baron Eliot of St. Germans, 1784; commissioner of board of trade and plantations, 1760-76; severed his connection with Lord North by voting against employment of Hessian troops in America, 1776; acquaintance of Dr. Johnson and patron of Sir Joshua Reynold?.
  136. ^ Edward Granville Eliot, third Earl of St Germans (1798–1877), diplomatist; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Liskeard, 1824-32; secretary of legation at Madrid, 1823, at Lisbon, 1824; envoy extraordinary to Spain, where he induced the Carlists and royalists to make the Eliot Convention for the humaner treatment of prisoners, 1834; M.P., East Cornwall, 1837-45; deputy-lieutenant of Cornwall, 1841; chief secretary for Ireland, 1841-5: carried bill for registration of firearms, 1843: honorary LL.D. Dublin, 1843; succeeded as Earl St. Germans, 1845; appointed postmaster-general and (1852) lord-lieutenant of Ireland; Irish viceroy during Palmerston's premiership, 1855.
  137. ^ Francis Perceval Eliot (1756?–1818), writer on finance; commissioner of audit at Somerset House; chief work, Observations on the Fallacy of the supposed Depreciation of the Paper Currency of the Kingdom 1811.
  138. ^ George Eliot (pseudonym). See Mary Ann Cross.
  139. ^ Sir John Eliot (1592–1632), patriot; studied at Exeter College, Oxford, 1607-10, and at one of the Inns of Court; sat in the Addled parliament for St. Germans, 1614; knighted, 1618; vice-admiral of Devon, 1619: M.P., Newport, Cornwall. 1624, sympathising with Buckingham's policy of war with Spain; urged the enforcement of the catholic penal laws when M.P. for Newport, 1625: declared his distrust in a war policy which extended to Denmark, Savoy, Germany, and France, 1625; M.P., St. Germans, 1626; attacked Buckingham, 1626, for the Cadiz disaster; summed up the charges against Buckingham, whom he compared to Sejanus, 1626; imprisoned for refusing to pay his share of the forced loan, 1627; M.P., Cornwall, 1628; insisted on the full acceptance of the Petition of Right, 1628; read three resolutions in parliament against the king's religious proceedings and claim to levy provisionally tonnage and poundage without consent of parliament, 2 March, 1629; imprisoned for conspiracy to resist the king's lawful order for the adjournment of parliament on 2 March, 1629, to calumniate the ministers of the crown, and to assault the speaker; sentenced to a fine of 2,000, 1630; died in prison. He left in manuscript 4 The Monarchic of Man * and a vindication of himself in * An Apology for Socrates also Negotium Posterorum and De Jure Majestatis (all first printed, 1879-82).
  140. ^ John Eliot (1604–1690), styled the 'Indian Apostle B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1622; emigrated, 1631;teacherof the church at Roxbury, near Boston, Massachusetts, 1632-90; bore witness against the religious enthusiast, Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, 1637; preached his first sermon to the aborigines in their own tongue at Nonantum, Massachusetts, 1646: obtained an ordinance in parliament (1649) for the advancement of civilisation and Christianity among the Indians: encouraged by the formation of a society (1649), which afterwards found funds for building an Indian college; founded at Natick the first township of praying Indians 1651; his Christian Commonwealth suppressed by the governor and council of New England, 1660; translated Baxter's 4 Call in. to the dialect of the Massachusetts Indians, 1664; his translation of the bible into the same dialect issued by the press, 1663; published The Indian Grammar begun,* 1666, an Indian Primer 1669, and a Logick Primer 1672; showed great solicitude for the natives during King Philip's war, 1675-6; published The Harmony of the Gospels 1678; died at Roxbury; narrated the progress of his work in Indian tracts
  141. ^ Sir Thomas Eliot (1490?–1546). See Elyot.
  142. ^ Sir Daniel Eliott (1798–1872), Indian civilian ; educated at the Edinburgh Academy; nominated to the East India Company's civil service; deputy Tamil translator, 1822; Ma rat ha translator to the Madras government, 1823; member of the board of revenue, 1836; Madras member of the Indian law commission, 1838; president of the revenue, marine, and college boards, Madras, 1850-3; Madras member of the legislative council, 18541859; K.C.S.L, 1867.
  143. ^ George Augustus Eliott, first Baron Heathfield (1717–1790), general and defender of Gibraltar: educated at Leyden University and the military college of La Fere; volunteer in the Prussian army, 1735-6; cornet 2nd life guards and field engineer, 1739; present as adjutant at Dettingen, 1743, and Fontenoy, 1745; aide-de-camp to George II, 1755; major-general, 1762; second in command in the Cuban expedition; lieutenant-general, 1763; commander-in-chief of the forces in Ireland, 1774-5; governor of Gibraltar, 1775; defended Gibraltar against D'Arson and the Spaniards, 1779-83; K.B.; created Baron Heathfleld of Gibraltar, 1787.
  144. ^ Elizabeth queen of Edward IV (1437?–1492), daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, afterwards Earl Rivers: married Sir John Grey, who (1461) was killed at St. Albans; privately married to Edward IV, whom she personally petitioned for her husband's forfeited lands, 1464; crowned, 1465; withdrew into sanctuary at Westminster on Edward IV's flight, 1470; principal executrix of the will made by her husband in 1475; accused by Clarence of having caused the death of his wife by sorcery, 1476; favoured a match, which the council of Flanders rejected, between her brother Anthony aud Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold, late Duke of Burgundy, 1477: took sanctuary at Westminster from the auger of Gloucester and Buckingham after Edward IV's death, 1483; persuaded by Cardinal Bourchier to deliver up the young Duke of York, 1483; her marriage with Edward IV pronounced invalid in a parliament controlled by Richard III, 1484; persuaded by Richard III to quit her sanctuary on a promise of providing for herself and her daughters, by which he long postponed, although he intended to prevent, the marriage arranged for her daughter with the exiled Earl of Richmond, 1484; placed by Henry VII in full possession of her rights as queendowager, 1486; her lands forfeited (1487) for the perfidy she was alleged to have shown in 1484; retired to the abbey of Bermondsey. She refounded and endowed Queens College, Cambridge.
  145. ^ Elizabeth queen of Henry VII (1465–1503), of York; daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville: her marriage with the dauphin made a condition of peace between Edward IV and Louis XI, 1475, but never performed; promised in marriage to the Earl of Richmond, then an exile plotting the dethronement of Richard III, an arrangement which was temporarily frustrated, 1484, by the king's specious promises of protection to her mother; reported to have received a proposal of marriage from Richard HI; mentioned in the Song of the Lady Bessy,* a contemporary composition, as having induced Lord Stanley to join Richmond; married to Henry VII, 1486, in pursuance of a petition presented to the king by parliament, 1485; crowned, 1487, after the suppression of the Earl of Lincoln's rebellion; received grant of her mother's forfeited lordships and manors of the duchy of Lancaster, 1487; her death attributed to grief occasioned by the decease of her eldest son, Prince Arthur. An elegy upon her was written by Sir Thomas More.
  146. ^ Elizabeth (1533–1603), queen of England and Ireland; only child of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn; declared illegitimate by parliament in the interest of her father's third wife, Jane Seymour, mother of Edward VI, 1536; refused (1547) the hand of Sir Thomas Seymour, lord high admiral, who, however, did not abandon his suit till his execution, 1549; read Latin and Greek with Roger Ascham; refused to use her influence to save the Duke of Somerset, 1552; rode by the side of her elder half-sister, Queen Mary, at the latter's triumphal entry into London, 1553; refused to compromise herself by taking part in the insurrection of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who wished her to marry Edward Courtenay, a kinsman of the blood royal, 1554; thrown into the Tower at the instance of Gardiner, 1554; released from custody at Woodstock, 1554; refused to engage in plots against Queen Mary: proclaimed queen, in succession to Mary, November 1558, most of her friends and foes alike being already dead; crowned by Owen Oglethorpe, bishop of Carlisle, nearly all the bishops refusing to recognise her as head of the church, 1559; made a proclamation that the English litany should be read in the London churches, 1559; refused the hand of Philip II of Spain; declared to the House of Commons that she had no intention of marrying, 1559; played off three suitors, Eric of Sweden, Adolphus,duke of Holstein, and the Archduke Charles, against one another, 1559; appointed Grindal bishop of London and Parker archbishop of Canterbury, 1559; disturbed by the cordiality existing between Scotland and France, although a treaty had been signed (1559) between those countries and England: signed treaty with Scotland through her agent, Cecil, in which it was laid down that Mary Stuart should give up using the title of queen of England and that the French should quit Scotland, 1560; called in the debased coinage, 1560; pretended a passion for Robert Dudley, afterwards created Earl of Leicester; sent help to Conde, leader of the French protestants in their war with the Duke of Guise; compelled, 1563, by the reduction of the garrison after the peace of Amboise to surrender Havre, which, with Dieppe, had been the price of her support; promulgated the Thirty-nine Articles and extended the range of the oath of supremacy, 1563; made writing in defence of the papal authority liable to the penalties of the statute of Prtemunire, 1563; suggested that her favourite, Dudley, should marry Mary Queen of Scots; encouraged the advances of the Archduke Charles, while maintaining in parliament her aversion to marriage in itself, 1664: grudgingly thanked Sir Henry Sidney for his services against Shaen O'Neill in Ireland, 1567; imprisoned Mary Queen of Scots, 1568 and 1569; excommunicated by Pius V, 1570; encouraged the vindictive measure-; mlopt.-il in the nortli on the suppression of the catholic rebellion, 1571; executed the Duke of Norfolk, 1572, soon after the discovery of the Hulolfi plot; forbade parliament to proceed with the bill of attainder against Mary Stuart; received from Charles IX of France a proposal of marriage with his brother, the Duke of Anjou, 1571; gave orders for the execution of Northumberland, whom the Scots had sold to Lord Hunsdon, 1572; accepted Francis, duke d'Alencon, as a suitor, 1572-34; vainly attempted to get the regent Morton to pay for his English auxiliaries in Scotland, 1573; sent a force to help the United Provinces against Spain, though not fully understanding the significance of her action or Lord Burghley's policy, 1572: recalled Sir Humphrey Gilbert, her general in the Netherlands, 1572; undertook to act as peacemaker between Philip II and the Low Countries, the sovereignty of which phe declined, 1573; put in force the penal laws against Romanists and especially against the seminarist priests of Douay, who, after receiving their education at Douay, returned to England to work quietly as missioners 1674; suspended Griudal, archbishop of Canterbury, for refusing to suppress the prophesyings of the puritans, 1577; the protection of her person guaranteed by a sort of plebiscite, which was signed among others by Mary Queen of Scots, 1584; betrayed into greater severity by the discovery of the Guise conspiracy; transferred Mary Queen of Scots to the custody of Sir Amyas Paulet at Tutbury, at a time when the treasonable acts of Mary's adherents were compromising her safety, 1585; sent troops under Leicester (1585) to fight with the insurgents of the Netherlands against Parma, but soon necessitated his return by withholding supplies, 1586; ordered the torture and execution of the Babington conspirators, 1580; shrank, in fear of the moral condemnation of the world, from signing the deathwarrant of Mary Stuart, but ultimately consented, after having ineffectually suggested to Mary's warders the desirability of a secret assassination, 1 587; recognised James VI as king of Scotland, 1687; drawn into a war with Spain by Drake's action in destroying a Spanish squadron off Cadiz, 1587; disregarded the advice of WaLnngham and her council to precipitate an attack upon the Spanish Armada, 1588; caused the death of many of the sailors by reducing the commissariat of the fleet below the level of bare necessity, 1588; reviewed her troops at Tilbury, 1688; supported Henry of Navarre's claim to inherit the French crown, 1590 and 1691; lost her bravest commanders, Drake and Hawkins, in an expedition to the Spanish main, despatched 1596; deprived by death of the services of her treasurer, Lord Burghley, 1598; her marshal in Ireland, Sir Henry Bagnal, defeated by Tyrone, the leader of an insurrection prompted by maladministration and the abolition of the ancient Brehon law, 1598; appointed Essexlieutenant and governor-general of Ireland in which post he failed signally, 1599; humoured the Commons by the revocation of monopolies, 1601; threw upon the church courts the burden of dealing with puritans and sectaries; kept many of the sees vacant in order to use their revenues for governmental purposes; sent Essex to the scaffold, his attempted insurrection leaving her no option, 1601; sanctioned a plundering expedition to the coast of Spain, which failed to secure any treasure, 1602; died at Richmond of the effects of a cold supervening on health already broken, 2* March 1602-3; buried in Westminster Abbey, 28 April 1603.
  147. ^ Elizabeth (1635–1650), princess ; second daughter of Charles I; appealed to the lords to be allowed to retain in her service the principal members of her household, 1642; devoted herself, when separated from her parents, to the study of languages and theology, in which she made great proficiency; dedicatee of Alexander Bowley's biblical lexicon of Greek and Hebrew, 1648; named 'Temperance 1 from her gentle bearing; facilitated the escape of the Duke of York, 1648; panegyrised by Christopher Wase in his translation of Sophocles Electra 1649; died a prisoner at Carisbrooke Castle,
  148. ^ Elizabeth (1596–1662), queen of Bohemia; daughter of James VI of Scotland: represented the nymph of the Thames in Daniel's Tethys's Festival at Whitehall, 1610; married, after the falling through of many other political plans, to the Elector Palatine, Frederick V, 1613; her husband chosen king of Bohemia, till then an appanage of the empire, 1619; crowned, 1619; found a temporary refuge with George William, elector of Bran denburg, aft? r her husband's defeat by the Emperor Frederick II at Prague, 1B20; the seizure of her husband'H dominions by Maximilian, duke of Bavaria, confirmed at the conference of Katisbon, 1623; named the Queen of Hearts for her winning demeanour; her:uisi: ineffectually championed by her chivalrous cousin, Duke Christian of Brunswick, 1623; her charm immortalized in a poem by.Sir Henry Wottou; lost her eldest son, 1629, and her husband, 1632, soon after the death of GU-T Adolphus at Lutzeii; levied a small army on behalf of her eldest surviving son, Charles Lewis, 1633, to whom part of the Palatinate was restored by the peace of Westphalia, 1648; subsidised by William, first earl of Craven ; deserted by her children, Charles Lewis allowing his mother to remain dependent on the generosity of Holland; granted 10,000*. by the parliament of the Restoration, 1660; pensioned by her nephew, Charles II, who had at first looked coldly on her coming to England; bequeathed to her favourite son, Prince Rupert, most of her jewellery, 1662; dial at Leicester House, Leicester Fields, London, 13 Feb. 1661-2, and buried in Westminster Abbey; long regarded as a martyr to protestantism.
  149. ^ Elizabeth, princess of England Elizabeth and landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (1770–1840), artist; daughter of George III; designed a series of pictures, entitled. 'The Birth and Triumph of Cupid 1795; established society at Windsor for giving dowries to poor girls, 1808; married, 1818, Frederick Joseph Louis, hereditary prince of Hesse- Homburg, who died 1829; set apart 6.000. a year to reduce the deficits of Hesse- Homburg; reissued her sketches Power and Progress of Genius to benefit the poor of Hanover, 1834.
  150. ^ George Richards Elkington (1801–1865), introducer of electro-plating; Birmingham magistrate, 1856; introduced, in conjunction with his cousin, Henry Elkington, the industry of electro- plating and electro-gilding, at first using the voltaic pile and subsequently Wright's solution; patentee for mercurial gilding 1836 and 1837.
  151. ^ Henry Elkington (1810–1852), inventor ; cousin of G. R. Elkington; invented and patented the pantascopic spectacles.
  152. ^ Ella. See Aella.
  153. ^ John Ella (1802–1888), violinist and director of concerts; first appeared in the orchestra of Drury Lane Theatre, 1821; founded the Saltoun Club of Instrumentalists and the Societa Lirica, c. 1826; musical editor of theAthenseum c. 1826; wrote aVictoria March 1837; inaugurated the Musical Union a set of chamber concerts; musical lecturer to the London Institution, 1865; published A Personal Memoir of Meyerbeer and Musical Sketches Abroad and at Home 1869.
  154. ^ Henry Thomas Ellacombe or Ellicombe (1790-1885), divine and antiquary; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1812; M.A., 1816; vicar of Bitton, 1835-50, and rector of Clyst St. George, 1850-86; restored or built various churches; invented apparatus enabling one man to chime all the bells in a steeple; wrote on campanology and the antiquities of Bitton and Clyst St. George.
  155. ^ Earl of Ellenborough (1790–1871). See Edward Law.
  156. ^ Barons Ellenborough . See LAW, EDWARD, first BARON, 1760-1818; LAW, EDWARD, second BARON, 1790-1871.
  157. ^ Sir Ralph Ellerker (d. 1546), warrior; knighted on Flodden Field, 1513; possibly MP for Scarborough, 1529; J.P. for the East Riding; M.P., Yorkshire, 1541; marshal of the English army in France; took the crest from the dauphin at the capture of Boulogne, 1544; buried at Boulogne.
  158. ^ Thomas Ellerker (1738–1795), Jesuit; emigrated from Liege to Stonyhurst, 1794; published Tractatus Theologicus de Jure et Justitia 1767, and De Incamatione
  159. ^ Edward Ellerton (1770–1851), founder of Hcholurships; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1796; master of Magdalen College School, 1799; fellow of Magdaleu; D.D., 1815; held various country curacies: founded the Ellerton theological essay prize, 1825, and exhibitions :it Magdalen and Richmond School; joint-founder of the 1'ii-t-y and Klk-rton scholarships, 1832; wrote against Tractarianism, 1846.
  160. ^ John Lodge Ellerton, formerly John Lodge (1801-1873), amateur musical composer; M.A. Braseuoee College, Oxford, 1828: studied counterpoint at Rome; produced Paradise Lost a successful oratorio, 1867, but failed in his English opera Domenica 1838; member of the Musical Union, 1847-71; published poems.
  161. ^ Baron Ellesmeee (1540?–1617). See Thomas Egerton.
  162. ^ Ellesmere, first Earl of (1800–1867). See Francis Egerton.
  163. ^ Sir John Elley (d. 1839), lieutenant-general ; distinguished himself at Gateau, 1794; lieutenant colonel by purchase, 1808: served in Peninsula; fought at Waterloo, 1816; K.C.B.: governor of Galway, 1820; colonel, 17th lancers, 1829; M.P., Windsor, 1836; lieutenant-general, 1837.
  164. ^ Sir Charles Hay Ellice (1823–1888), general ; nephew of Edward Ellice the elder; studied at Sandhurst; ensign and lieutenant, 1839; captain, 1845; served in India, 1846; major, 1849; lieutenant-colonel, 1861; colonel, 1864; served in Indian mutiny: C.B., 1868; commanded second battalion of 24th in Mauritius, 1860-2; major-general, 1865; lieutenant-general, 1873; general, 1877; K.O.B., 1873; G.C.B., 1882.
  165. ^ Edward Ellice, the elder (1781–1863), politician ; educated at Winchester and Marischal College, Aberdeen; M.A., 1800; engaged in the Canada fur trade, 1803; amalgamated North-west, X.Y., and Hudson's Bay companies, 1821; M.P., Coventry, 1818, 1820, 1830, and 1831-63; secretary to the treasury, and whip in Lord Grey's government, 1830-2; proposed, when secretary at war (1832-4), that appointments in the army should be made directly from his office; helped to found Reform Club, 1836; supported Palmerston as premier; D.C.L. St. Andrews; privately urged French government to send troops into Spain, 1836; deputy-governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.
  166. ^ Edward Ellice, the younger (1810–1880), politiciau; son of Edward Ellice the elder; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1831; private secretary to Lord Durham in Russia, 1832, in Canada, 1838; M.P. for Huddersfield, 1836, and subsequently for St. Andrews burghs; free-trader and advocate of Irish disestablishment; proposed that there should be some nominated members in the House of Commons, 1869; condemned the Highland administration of the poor law in The State of the Highlands in 1854 1855.
  167. ^ Sir Charles Grene Ellicombe (1783–1871), general, royal engineers; educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; first lieutenant, royal engineers, 1801; associated in the direction of attack on Ciudad Rodrigo, 1812; brigade-major to the corps of royal engineers at the siege of San Sebtistiau, 1813; majorgeneral, 1841; general and colonel commandant of royal engineers; K.C.B., 1862.
  168. ^ Edward Ellicott (d. 1791), son of John EUicott ; clockmaker to the king.
  169. ^ John Ellicott (1706?–1772), clockmaker and man of science; clockmaker to George III; improved the pyrometer, 1736; invented a compensated pendulum, 1752; F.R.S., 1738; made observations of the transit of Venus, 1761; published Essays towards discovering the Laws of Electricity 1748.
  170. ^ Adam Elliot (d. 1700), traveller ; B.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1668; taken captive by the Moore, aud sold into slavery, 1670; ordained priest, 1672; accused by Titus Oates of being a Jesuit priest aud a Mahommedan; author of aNarrative of my Travails, Captivity, aud Escape from Salle, in the Kingdom of Fez bouud up with an attack on Oates, l682.
  171. ^ Sir Charles Elliot (1801–1875), admiral ; son of Hugh Elliot; present at the bombardment of Algiers, 1816; lieutenant on the Jamaica station, 1822; advanced to post rank, 1828: protector of slaves in Guiana, 1830-3: chif superintendent and plenipotentiary on the China Trade Commission, 1687; forced to surrender 4.000.000. worth of opium, 1839; virtually directed hostilities in China; ransomed Canton; governor of lirnmiiki, 1846-54, of Trinidad, 1864-6, and of St. Helena, 18G3-9; K.C.B., 1856; admiral, 1865.
  172. ^ Sir George Elliot (1784–1863), admiral ; second son of Sir Gilbert Elliot, first earl of Minto; present in the battles of Cape St. Vincent and the Nile; commander, 1802; highly esteemed by Nelson; served at the reduction of Java, 1811; secretary of the admiralty, 18341835; commauder-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope, 1837-40; commander-in-chief aud joint-plenipotentiary with Sir Charles Elliot in China, 1840; admiral, 1863; K.C.B., 1862.
  173. ^ Sir Gilbert Elliot, Lord Minto (1651–1718), judge; writer in Edinburgh; helped to organise the Earl of Argyll's rising, and was forfeited, 1685; condemned to death, but pardoned; advocate, 1688; knighted; clerk of the privy council, 1692; created baronet, 1700; M.P. for Roxburghshire from 1703; judge of session, with the title of Lord Miuto, 1705; opposed the union.
  174. ^ Sir Gilbert Elliot, Lord Minto (1693–1766), Scottish judge; son of Sir Gilbert Elliot (1651-1718) ; advocate, 1715; M.P. for Roxburghshire, 1722-6; lord of justiciary, 1733-66; justice clerk, 1763-6; narrowly escaped seizure by Prince Charles Edward's highlauders, 1746; said, rather doubtfully, to have introduced the German flute into Scotland.
  175. ^ Sir Gilbert Elliot, third baronet of Miuto (1722-1777), statesman, philosopher, aud poet; son of Sir Gilbert Elliot (1693-1766); studied at Edinburgh and Leydeu universities; called to the Scottish bar, 1742; M.P. for Selkirkshire, 1754 and 1762-5, for Roxburghshire, 1766-77; admiralty lord, 1756; keeper of the signet in Scotland, 1767; treasurer of the navy, 1770; at first a supporter of Pitt and the GrenviUes, afterwards of Lord Bute; overruled Lord North by haranguing on the threatened liberties of the house, at the time of the London riots, 1771; encouraged George Ill's policy towards America; declined, from dislike of the sceptical philosophy, to co-operate in his friend Hume's Dialogues of Natural Religion; died at Marseilles. His fame as a song-writer rests upon his pastoral ditty, Araynta and in a less degree uponTwas at the hour of dark midnight 1745.
  176. ^ Sir Gilbert Elliot , first Earl of Minto (1751-1814), governor-general of India; son of Sir Gilbert Elliot (1722-1777); schoolfellow of Mirabeau at the Pension Militaire, Fontainebleau; gentleman commoner, Christ Church, Oxford, 1768; barrister of Liucoin's Inn, 1774; M.P. for Morpeth, 1776-84: M.P. for Berwick, 1786-90: carried motion condemning Sir Elijah Impey's conduct at Fort William, 1787; M.P. forHelston, Cornwall, 1790; opposed Fox, 1793; D.C.L. Oxford, 1793; constitutional viceroy of Corsica, 1794-6; expelled General Paoli; created Barou Minto of Minto, 1798; minister plenipotentiary at Vienna, 1799; F.R.S., 1803: president of board of control, 106; goveruor-geueral of ladia, 1807-13; subsidised Shah Shuja, ameer of Afghanistan, to secure his loyalty, 1809; annexed Amboyna, the Molucca islands, and, in 1H1 1, Java, whither he weut in person; projected the establishment of colleges for Indian Mahommedaus; created Viscount Melgund and Earl of Miuto, 1813.
  177. ^ Gilbert Elliot , second Earl of Minto (1782-1869), eldest sou of Sir Gilbert Elliot, first earl; educated at Edinburgh University: whig M.P. for Ashburton, 1806-14; privy councillor; British ambassador to Berlin, 1832-4; G.C.B.; first lord of the admiralty, 18351841; lord privy seal, 1846; prevailed on king of Naples to grant Sicily a separate parUauieu t; F. Jl.S.
  178. ^ Sir Henry Miers Elliot (1808–1853), Indian civil servant and historian; educated at Vun-in--u-r: first competition wallah for an immediate post in India 1826; secretary to the Sudder board of revenue lor the uorth-wtt provinces; foreign becroutry to the erovernor-general in council, 1847; negotiated the Sikh treaty of 1849; K.C.B.; died at Simon's Town; published first volume of Bibliographical Index to the Historians of Mohammaoan India 1849.
  179. ^ Hugh Elliot (1752–1830), diplomatist; schoolfellow of Mirabeau at Paris; studied at Christ Church, Oxford, 1768-70; minister plenipotentiary atMuuich, 1773; minister plnnpou-niiary to Prussia, 1777, to Denmark, 1782; instigated by the queen of Naples, when envoy plenipotentiary, to forbid Sir James Henry Craig to withdraw his English troops from Italy, 1803: recalled; governor of the Leeward islands, 1808-13; privy councillor and governor of Madras, 1814.
  180. ^ Jane Elliot or Jean (1727–1806), poet ; daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot (1693-1766); outwitted her lather's highland pursuers, 1746; authoress of Flowers of the Forest a celebrated ballad, 1766.
  181. ^ John Elliot (1725–1782), antiquary; articled to a solicitor; F.S.A., 1780; furnished information on the feudal barony to the Hev. John Watson (1726-1783)
  182. ^ John Elliot (rf. 1808), admiral ; third sou of Sir Gilbert Elliot (1693-1 766): navy lieutenant, 1756; captured the French frigate Miguoune, 1759; defeated Thurot's squadron oti the Isle of Mann 1760; fought at Cape St. Vincent, 1780, and under Kempenfelt, 1781; governor and commander-in-chief at Newfoundland, 1786-9; admiral, 1796.
  183. ^ Nathan Elliot or Sheldon (1706–1780), jesuit; professed of the four vows, 1741; rector of St. Omer College, 1748-56, of the English College at Home, 1756-62, of the Greater College, Bruges, 1766-80; provincial in England, 1766; translated Pinamouti's Cross in its True Light 1776.
  184. ^ Robert Elliot (fl. 1822–1833), captain R.N. and topographical draughtsman, 1822-4; his sketches published as Views in the East 1830-3.
  185. ^ Sir Walter Elliot (1803–1887), Indian civil servant and archaeologist; sent to Haileybury College, 1818; assistant to the magistrate of Salem, 1823; private secretary to Lord Elphinstone, 1836; deputed to investigate the revenue difficulties of Guntur, 1845; commissioner for the administration of the Northern Sirkars till 1864; member of the council of the governor of Madras, 1854; K.O.S.I., 1866; F.R.S., 1877; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1878; deputy-lieutenant and magistrate for Roxburghshire; published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society a paper on Hindu Inscriptions 1837, and wrote a treatise on the coins of Southern India, 1888.
  186. ^ Sir John Elliot or Elliotson (1791–1868), physician; educated at Edinburgh and Jesus College, Cambridge; M.D., 1821; professor of the practice of medicine to London University, 1831-8; procured the foundation of University College Hospital; founder and first president of the Phrenological Society; professor of clinical medicine, London, 1831; compelled to resign the professorship of the practice of medicine for his unauthorised interest in mesmerism, 1838; Harveian orator, 1846; established a mesmeric hospital, 1849; started the Zoist a journal of mesmeric healing; first to use the stethoscope; published his Lumley lectures (1829) on diseases of the heart, 1830.
  187. ^ Charlotte Elliott (1789–1871), hymn-writer : friend of Caesar Malan; wrote many religious poems, including (1834) Just as I am
  188. ^ Ebenezer Elliott (1781–1849), 'the corn-law rhymer'; commended by Southey for his Tales of the Night; started in business in the Sheffield iron trade, 1821; withdrew from the chartists on their dissenting from the corn-law agitation; bitterly condemned the bread-tax to which he attributed all the national misfortunes, inCorn-Law Rhymes 1831,The Ranter 'The Village Patriarch 1829, and The Splendid Village
  189. ^ Edward Bishop Elliott (1793–1875), divine ; brother of Henry Venn Elliott; third senior optiine, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1816; fellow, 1817; Seatonian prizeman, 1821 and 1822; prebendary of Heytesbury, Wiltshire, 1863; incumbent of St. Mark's, Brighton; chief work Horae Apocalypticte 1844.
  190. ^ Grace Dalrymple Elliott (1758?–1823), ntt Dalrymple; married Sir John Elliott; eloped with Lord Valentia, 1774: gave birth to a child whom the Prince of Wales considered his son, 1782; described her life in France during the Revolution in a Journal in which she claimed to have received an offer of marriage from Bonaparte.
  191. ^ Henry Venn Elliott (1792–1865), divine; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1811; B.A., 1814; fellow of Trinity, 1816; travelled to Greece, Constantinople, and Jerusalem, 1817; held the priory of St. John's, Wilton; first preacher of St. Mary's proprietary chapel, Brighton, 1827: originated (1832) and helped to manage school for daughters of poor clergymen.
  192. ^ John Elliott (rf. 1691), adherent of James II ; M.D. Cambridge, 1681; F.R.O.P. and censor, 1687; imprisoned, and released on bail, 1690, for publishing a soidisaut manifesto of James II, 1689.
  193. ^ Sir John Elliott (1786–1788), physician ; surgeon to a privateer; M.D. St. Andrews, 1769; L.R.C.P., 1762; knighted, 1776; created baronet, 1778; physician to the Prince of Wales; published The Medical Pocket-Book 1781, and superficial compilations on physiology and hygiene.
  194. ^ John Elliott (1747–1787), physician; M.D. ; discharged a pistol at a Miss Boydell, his sweetheart, 1787; tried for murder and acquitted as insane; rearrested for assault; died in Newgate.
  195. ^ William Elliott or Elliot (1727–1766), engraver of landscapes; exhibited, 1761-6.
  196. ^ William Elliott (d. 1792), lieutenant R.N. and marine painter; president of the Incorporated Society of Artists, 1791; exhibited paintings of the naval actions between 1780 and 1790 at the Royal Academy and other works at various institutions.
  197. ^ Sir William Henry Elliott (1792-1 874), general; ensign, 1809; lieutenant, 1812; served in Peninsula; fought at Waterloo, 1816; lieutenant-colonel, 183s; commanded the 51st in Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, and at Bangalore till 1852; discovered, when commandant at Rangoon, a plot to massacre the English inhabitants, 1863; G.C.B., 1870: general, 1871.
  198. ^ Alexander John Ellis (1814–1890), philologist and mathematician; educated at Shrewsbury, Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1837; entered Middle Temple; wrote extensively on mathematical subjects and published Algebra identified with Geometry 1874; arranged with (Sir) Isaac Pitman a system of printing called phouotypy, which aimed at the accurate representation of sounds in print; published Fouettc Frend 1849, and Spelling Reformer 1849-60, periodicals advocating reform of spelling; published, in five part*, 'Early English Pronunciation 1869-89; honorary LL.D. Cambridge, 1890; F.R.S., 1864; F.S.A., 1870; president of Philological Society, 1872-4 and 1880-2; fellow of London Mathematical Society, 1866. His works include numerous treatises on philological, mathematical, musical, and other subjects.
  199. ^ Alfred Burdon Ellis (1852–1894), soldier and writer; lieutenant in 1st West India regiment, 1873; served in Ashauti war, 1873; seconded for service with Gold Coast constabulary, 1877; captain, 1879; attached to intelligence department in Zulu campaign; major, 1884; commanded troop on Gold Coast, 1881 and 1886, and in Baham..., 1889; lieutenant-colonel, 1891; local colonel in West Africa, 1892; C.B., 1892; died of fever contracted after expedition against the Sofas, 1893; published works relating to native peoples among whom he had been stationed.
  200. ^ Anthony Ellis (1690–1761). See Ellys.
  201. ^ Arthur Ayres Ellis (1830–1887), Greek Testament critic; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1852; fellow, 1854; M.A., 1865; divinity lecturer at Christ's College; vicar of Stotfold, 1860-87: published Bentley's Critica Sacra 1862.
  202. ^ Sir Barrow Helbert Ellis (1823–1887), Anglo-Indian; educated at University College School, London University, and Haileybury; chief commissioner in Sindu, 1857; chief secretary of the Bombay povcrmnent: member (1865) of the Bombay council; member of the viceroy's council, 1870; K.C.S.I.: M.U.A.S., 1876: left 2,500J. for the poor of Rntnnjiri, his first charge; edited Stack's Dictionary of Sindhi and English, 1 1855.
  203. ^ Charles Augustus Ellis, sixth Baron Howard de Walden and second Baron Seaford (1799-1868), diplomatist; elder son of Charles Rose Kills, M.P.; educated at Eton; captain, 8th regiment, 1822; appointed by Canning under-secretary of state for foreign affairs, 1824; minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary at Stockholm, 1832, at Lisbon, 1833; moulded Portuguese policy during the Miguelite and Pedroite war; G.c.B., 1838, and grand cross of the Tower and the Sword, 1841; minister plenipotentiary at Brussels, 1846; died at Lesve near Namur.
  204. ^ Charles Rose Ellis , first Baron Seaford (1771-1845); M.P, for Heytesbury, 1793, for Seaford, 1796-1806 and 1812-26, for East Grinstend, 1807; head.of the West Indian interest and friend of Canning: created Baron Seaford, 1826.
  205. ^ Clement Ellis (1630–1700), divine and poet; taberdar of Queen's College, Oxford: fellow, 1657; M.A., 1656; received, while at Oxford, remittances from anonymous benefactors; celebrated the Restoration in a dull panegyric, 1660; domestic chaplain to William, marquis of Newcastle, 1661; prebendary of Southwell, 1693; published theological works.
  206. ^ Edmund Ellis (fl. 1707). See Elys.
  207. ^ Edwin Ellis (1844–1878), musician; solo violinist at Cremorne Gardens, 1851; general musical director at the Adelphi, c, 1867; published selections for small orchestra.
  208. ^ Francis Whyte Ellis (d. 1819), orientalist; writer in the East India Company's service at Madras, 1796; collector of Madras, 1810; Tamil and Sanskrit scholar; student of Mirusi right; died at Ramnad; published commentary on "The Sacred Kurral 1816, and dissertations on the Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalim languages; proved the Sanskrit MSS. at Pondicherry to be Jesuit forgeries.
  209. ^ George Ellis (1753–1815), author; produced Poetical Tales by Sir Gregory Gander 1778; a favorite at Versailles, 1783; accompanied Sir James Harris's embassy to the Hague, 1784, where he obtained material for liis history of the Dutch revolution (published, 1789); M.P., Seaford, 1796; founded the Anti- Jacobin in concert with Canning; F.R.S. and F.S.A.; published Specimens of Early English Romances in Metre 1805; friend of Sir Walter Scott.
  210. ^ George James Welbore Agar Ellis, first Baron Dover (1797–1833) educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1819; M.P., Heytesbury, 1818, Seaford, 1820; suggested to government purchase of Angerstein collection and formation of national gallery, 1823; M.P., Ludgershall, 1826, Okehampton, 1830; privy councillor, 1830; chief commissioner of woods and forests, 1830; created Baron Dover, 1831; wrote, among other works, a Life of Frederick the Second, King of Prussia 1832; edited Horace Wai pole's Letters 1833.
  211. ^ Henry Ellis (1721–1806), traveller, hydrographer, and colonial governor; hydrographer, surveyor, and mineralogist to the north-west expedition, 1746; published an itinerary which overthrew the idea that the northwest passage must lie through Hudson's Bay, 1748; F.R.S., 1749; governor of Georgia and Nova Scotia; died at Naples.
  212. ^ Sir Henry Ellis (1777–1855), diplomatist; negotiated treaty of peace with Persia, 1815; third commissioner in Earl Amherst's embassy to China, 1816; wrecked on return journey and forced to make for Java in an open boat; published an authorised account of the mission, 1817; commissioner of the board of control, 1830-5; advised the East India Company to abandon exclusive privileges; privy councillor, 1832; special envoy to the Brazils, 1843; K.C.B., 1848.
  213. ^ Sir Henry Ellis (1777–1869), principal librarian of the British Museum; educated at Merchant Taylors and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow; assistant in the Bodleian, 1798; B.C.L., 1802; keeper of printed books in the British Museum, 1806-27; re-catalogued the printed books, 1807-19; secretary to Society of Antiquaries, 1814; edited Additamenta to Domesday Book 1816; published Original Letters illustrative of English History 1824, 1827, and 1846; principal librarian of the museum, 1827; knight of Hanover, 1833; virtually superseded in consequence of his unprogressive methods, 1836.
  214. ^ Sir Henry Walton Ellis (1783–1815), colonel; named ensign in the 89th foot, 1783; captain, 23rd fusiliers, 1796; served in the descent on Ostend, 1798, in Egypt, 1801, at Copenhagen, 1807; shared in the expedition against Martinique, 1809; distinguished himself at Albuhera, 1811; wounded at Badajos, 1812; colonel and K.C.B.; mortally wounded at Waterloo.
  215. ^ Humphrey Ellis (d. 1676), Roman catholic divine, really named WARING; student at Douay and an original member of the English College, Lisbon; D.D. and president of the English College; dean of the chapter in England, 1657-76.
  216. ^ James Ellis (1763?–1830), antiquary and solicitor; communicated border traditions to Sir Walter Scott.
  217. ^ John Ellis (1599?–1665), divine ; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1625; fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, 1628; B.D., 1632; D.D. St. Andrews, 1634; rector of Wheatfleld and subsequently of Dolgelly; published theological works.
  218. ^ John Ellis (1606?–1681), author of 'Vindiciae Catholicae'; fellow and B.D. St. Catharine Hall, Cambridge; incumbent of the third portion of the rectory of Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire; publishedVindici Catholicae, or the Rights of Particular Churches rescued 1647, which he retracted at the Restoration; rector of Waddesdon, 1661-81.
  219. ^ John Ellis (1643?–1738), under-secretary of state ; educated at Westminster School; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1664; friend of Humphrey Prideaux ; secretary to Sir Leoline Jenkins at the Nimeguen conference, 1675; obtained from the States-General recognition of Lord Ossory's claims to the rank of general, 1680; under-secretary of state, 1695-1705; M.P., Harwich, 1705-8; contributed to the Peckwater buildings, Christ Church, Oxford; paramour of the Duchess of Cleveland.
  220. ^ John Ellis (1701–1757). See Ellys.
  221. ^ John Ellis (1710?–1776), naturalist ; agent for West Florida, 1764, for Dominica, 1770; F.R.S., 1754; published An Essay towards the Natural History of the Corallines 1755; described Dionaa Muscipula in Directions for bringing over Seeds and Plants from the East Indies 1770.
  222. ^ John Ellis (1698–1790), scrivener and political writer; partner with one Tanner, a London scrivener; four times master of the Scriveners Company; member of Dr. Johnson's circle; travestied Maphueus, 1758; published The South Sea Dream, a poem in Hudibrastic verse, 1720; translated, but never published, Ovid's Epistles.
  223. ^ John Ellis (1789–1862), member of parliament and railway chairman; promoted Leicester and Swannington railway; M.P., Leicester, 1848-52; J.P. for Leicestershire; chairman of Midland Railway, 1849-58.
  224. ^ Philip Ellis , in religion Michael (1652–1726), Roman catholic prelate; son of John Ellis (1606?1681); foundationer of Westminster School, 1667; professed at St. Gregory's convent, Douay, 1670; missioner in England, and chaplain to James II; vicarapostolic of the western district of England, and bishop in partibus of Aureliopolis, 1688-1705; arrested and imprisoned at the revolution: unofficial agent of the exiled James II at Rome: bishop of Segni, 1708; died at Segni.
  225. ^ Sir Richard Ellis (1688?–1742).
  226. ^ Robert Ellis (Cynddelw) (1810–1875), baptist minister and Welsh poet; minister of Llanelian, 1837, ami in Denbighshire, Monmouthshire, and Carnarvon; a learned and popular lecturer on ancient Welsh thought and society; author of works, mainly theological, in Welsh and English.
  227. ^ Robert Ellis (1820?–1886), classical scholar; scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1839; fifth niiiL'kT, 1840: fellow, 1841; M.A., 1843; ordained, 1HJ5: B.D., 1850; chiefly known l.y hi controversy with William John Law on the topography of Hannibal's passage of the Alp-, is.vi-ti: a-rnb.it an Armenum origin to the Etruscans; published ethnological works.
  228. ^ Robert Leslie Ellis (1817–1859), man of science ami letters; senior wrangler, and fellow of Trinity College, 'aii:bril'_rr, IMUI; M.A., 1843; undertook, in conjunction with Heath and Spedding, to edit Francis Bacon's works, with annotations; edited Cambridge Mathematical Journal
  229. ^ Sir Samuel Burdon Ellis (1787–1865), general; second lieutenant, royal marine light infantry, 1804; fought at Trafalgar, 1805; lieutenant, 1806; served in the Walcheren expedition, 1809, and at Guadeloupe, 1810; distinguished himself in naval operations preliminary to siege of Bayomie; brought off the political resident of 1 in -h i iv during a revolt, being then commander of marines; commanded advance on Canton, 1841; lieutenant-colonel l brevet, and C.B.; colonel, 1851; K.O.B.,1860; general, 1862.
  230. ^ Sarah Stickney Ellis (d. 1872), authoress; married William Ellis (1794-1872); much interested in temperance and the education of women; chief works, 1 The Poetry of Life and Northern Roses
  231. ^ Thomas Ellis (1625–1673), Welsh antiquary; B. A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1644; fellow, 1646; fought for Charles I in garrison of Oxford, 1644; M.A., 1646; B.D., 1661; rector of St. Mary's, Dolgelly, 1665; undertook to assist Robert Vaughan in editing Powell'sHistory of Cambria but desisted on finding that he had been forestalled; left history of Owen Gleudowr, published 1775.
  232. ^ Thomas Flower Ellis (1796–1861), law reporter; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1818; fellow; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1824; prepared for publication his friend Macaulay's posthumous essays; a commissioner to determine the boundaries of parliamentary boroughs in Wales, 1831; recorder of Leeds, 1839; part author of three series of law reports.
  233. ^ Welbore Ellis (1651?–1734), bishop of Meath; educated at Westminster School; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1687; prebendary of Winchester, 1696; D.D. by diploma, 1697; bishop of Kildare, 1705-31; bishop of Meath, and privy councillor of Ireland, 1731.
  234. ^ Welbore Ellis , first Baron Mendip (1713–1802); son of Welbore Ellis (1651?-1734); educated at Westminster; student, Christ Church, Oxford, 1732; B.A., 1736; M.P., Cricklade, 1741; admiralty lord, 1747-55; M.P., Weymouth, 1747, 1754, 1774, 1780, and 1784, Melcombe Regis, 1747; vice-treasurer of Ireland, 1755-62, 1765-6, and 1770; privy councillor, 1760: M.P., Aylesbury, 1761: secretary at war, 1762-5; M.P., Petersfield, 1768 and 1791; D.C.L. Oxford, 1773; treasurer of the navy, 1777; secretary of state for America, 1782; frightened by the progress of the French revolution into supporting Pitt, 1793; created Baron Mendip of Mendip, 1794; F.R.S.: called by Horace Walpole Fox's 'Jackal
  235. ^ Sir William Ellis (1609–1680), judge; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1636; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1634; M.P. for Boston in the Short and Long parliaments, 1640; solicitor-general, 1654; sat for Boston, 1654, for Grantham, 1656 and 1659; created baronet by Cromwell; returned for Grantham, 1660, but unseated as a republican; reader at Gray's Inn, 1664: king's serjeant, and knighted, 1671; judge of common pleas, 1673-6 and 16791680; M.P., Boston, 1679.
  236. ^ Sir William Ellis (d. 1732), secretary of state ; second son of John Ellis (1606 ?-1681); foundationer of Westminster: student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1665; B.A.., 1669; M.A., per literal regias, Cambridge, 1671: customer, comptroller, and searcher for Leinster and Munster, 1678; knighted, 1686; privy councillor to James II in Ireland, 1690; attainted, 1691; secretary to James 11 at St. Germain; died at Rome.
  237. ^ William Ellis (d. 1758), writer on agriculture ; fanner at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire; travelling agent for seeds and the sale of farmiug implements; engaged as a writer by Osborne the bookseller. His work*, which contain fabulous anecdotes and unscientific notrums toetade'Tbfl Modern Husbandman 1750.
  238. ^ William Ellis (1747–1810), engraver; exhibited at the Society of Artists, 1780; worked also in aquatint.
  239. ^ William Ellis (1794–1872), missionary"; ordained, 1815, and appointed missionary, first to South Africa and afterwards to the South Sea islands; commenced a new mission at Huahine, 1818; returned to England, 1825; chief foreign secretary to the London Missionary Society; sent to Madagascar to ascertain and improve the condition of native converts under Queen Ranavoloua, but three times denied access to the capital; helped the government of Madagascar to checkmate French interference, 1861-5; published three books on Madagascar and Polynesian Researches
  240. ^ William Ellis (1800–1881), economist; assistant, underwriter to the Indemnity Marine Insurance Company, 1824: chief manager, 1827; director; advocated teaching of political economy in elementary education, for which object he personally founded (1848-52) the Birkbeck schools; governor of the school of the Middle-class Corporation, which he helped to establish; utilitarian philosopher; published Lessons on the Phenomena of Industrial Life and similar works.
  241. ^ Wynne Ellis (1790–1875), picture collector; London mercer, 1812-71; M.P., Leicester, 1831-4 and 1839-47; free-trader; J.P. for Hertfordshire and Kent; left 402 pictures to the nation, forty-four of which were selected by the National Gallery.
  242. ^ Henry Twiselton Elliston (1801?–1864), composer of church music and inventor; son of Robert William Elliston: organist at Leamington parish church; librarian of the Leamington public library, 1863; invented a transposing piano; composed church services.
  243. ^ Robert William Elliston (1774–1831), actor: educated at St. Paul's school; played Tressel in Richard IIIat the Bath Theatre, 1791, and Romeo, 1793; appeared at the Haymarket and at Covent Garden, 1796; engaged by Colman at the Haymarket, 1803; played Rolla at Drury Lane, 1804; manager of the Royal Circus, renamed the Surrey Theatre, 1809; opened the Olympic, and temporarily managed the Leicester theatre; acted Hamlet at re-opening of Drury Lane, 1812; lessee and manager of Drury Lane, 1819-26; inaugurated Drury Lane's reputation for scenery; bankrupt, 1826; again lessee of the Surrey, 1827-31; lived an eccentric life: lauded by Charles Lamb in the lines beginning Joyousest of once embodied spirits; joint-author of No Prelude 1803, and author of The Venetian Outlaw 1805.
  244. ^ John Ellman (1753–1832), agriculturist ; breeder of Southdown sheep; suggested to Lord Egremont formation of Sussex Agricultural Association: took part in institution of Smithfield cattle show; gold medallist for best cultivated farm in Sussex, 1819; commissioner of taxes; maintained school for labourerschildren at Glynde; assisted Arthur Young in compiling his Annals of Agriculture
  245. ^ Thomas Ellwood (1639–1713), quaker and friend of Milton; educated at Thame free school; converted to Quakerism by the preaching of Edward Burrough, 1659; published An Alarm to the Priests 1660; formed a friendship (1662) with John Milton, who taught him the foreign mode of pronouncing Latin; committed to Newgate for refusing to take the oath of allegiance, 1662; suggested to Milton by a chance remark the writing of 'Paradise Regained 1665; travelled with George Fox through the west of England to organise the quakers; endeavoured to protect the quakers against the Conventicle Act; controversialist and author of Davideis a sacred poem, 1712, and of an autobiography (1st ed. 1714).
  246. ^ Anthony Ellys (1690–1761), bishop of St. David's; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1716: D.D., 1728; fellow: prebendary of Gloucester, 1724; favoured the Test Act; bishop of St. David's, 1752; published anonymouslyRemarks on Mr. Hume's Essay concerning Miracles 1752. Parts of bis projected Defence of the Reformation appeared posthumously.
  247. ^ John Ellys or Ellis (1701–1757), portrait painter; of the Kneller school; tapestry maker to the crown: master keeper of the lions in the Tower; principal painter to the Prince of Wales, 1736.
  248. ^ Sir Richard Ellys (1688?–1742), theological writer; became a Greek and Hebrew scholar in Holland; M.P., Boston, 1719, 1722, and 1727; published Fortuita Sacra; quibus subiicitur Commentarius de Cymbalis 1727. Gronovius dedicated to him his edition of Elian's 'VariaHistoria
  249. ^ Elmer (d. 1137). See Ethelmer.
  250. ^ Elmer (d. 1260). See Aymer de Valence.
  251. ^ John Elmer (1521–1594). See John Aylmer.
  252. ^ Stephen Elmer (d. 1796), painter of still-life ; member of the Free Society of Artists, 1763; A.R.A., 1772.
  253. ^ William Elmer (fl. 1799), painter of still-life ; nephew of Stephen Elmer: exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1783 and 1799.
  254. ^ Harvey Lonsdale Elmes (1818–1847), architect; son and pupil of James Elmes; designed St. George's Hall, Liverpool, 1836, also the county lunatic asylum at West Derby; died in Jamaica.
  255. ^ James Elmes (1782–1862), architect and antiquary; admitted at Merchant Taylors 1796; silver medallist of the Royal Academy; vice-president of the Royal Architectural Society, 1809-48; editor of The Annals of the Fine Arts 1816-20, printing poems by Keats and Wordsworth; chief works, Lectures on Architecture 1823, andMemoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Christopher Wren 1823. FT.MTTAM, THOMAS (d. 1440 ?), historian; treasurer of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, 1407; prior of Lenton: vicar-general for England and Scotland, 1416; commissary-general for vacant benefices of Cluniac order in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1426; author of Historia Monasterii Sancti Augustini Cantuariensis Yitaet Gesta Henrici V and Liber Metricus de Henrico W
  256. ^ Alfred Elmore (1815–1881), painter ; studied in Italy; his reputation established by his Origin of the Guelph and Ghibelline Quarrel 1846; R.A., 1877.
  257. ^ Peter Elmsley or Elmsly (1736–1802), bookseller; helped to form the club of booksellers which produced Johnson'sLives of the Poets intimate with Wilkes.
  258. ^ Peter Elmsley (1773–1825), classical scholar; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1797; incumbent of Little Horkesley, 1798-1825; superintended development of Herculaneum papyri in company with Sir Humphry Davy, 1819; D.D., 1823; principal of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1823-5; Camden professor of ancient history, Oxford, 1823-5; best known for his critical labours on Sophocles and Euripides.
  259. ^ Elphege (954–1012). See Aelfheah.
  260. ^ James Elphinston (1721–1809), educationalist ; educated at Edinburgh University: started academy at Brompton, 1753, keeping it at Kensington, 1763-76; published An Analysis of the French and English Languages 1753; publishedEducation, a Poem 1763; his translation of Martial (1782) ridiculed by Burns, 1788; displayed an arbitrary system of phonetic spelling in Inglish Speech and Spelling under Mutual Guides 1787, and similar works; published his correspondence with Geniusses ov boath Sexes 1791 and 1794.
  261. ^ John Elphinston (1722–1785), captain R.N. ; rear-admiral in the Russian service; lieutenant, 1746; served at the capture of Quebec, 1759; superintended transport service during siege of Havana, 1762; rearadmiral in the Russian service, 1769; ordered as a foreign admiral to discontinue his practice of setting the watch in Portsmouth harbour, 1770; defeated and blockaded Turkish squadron in Gulf of Nauplia, 1770; defeated Turkish fleet in Chesme Bay, though his proposed manoeuvre to establish a local superiority was rejected by the jealousy of the Russian officer*. 1770; abandoned Russian service; commanded the Magnificent in the battle oft* Grenada, 1779, and in Rodney's encounters with De Guichen, 1780.
  262. ^ Alexander Elphinstone , fourth Baron Elphinstone (155i-1648?), member of the new privy council of Scotland, 1699; lord high treasurer of Scotland, 1599; lord of the articles, 1604 and 1607; commissioner for the union, 1604.
  263. ^ Arthur Elphinstone , sixth Balmerino (1688–1746), Jacobite ; threw up his command in Shannon's regiment and joined the Jacobites after Sheriffmuir, 1715; escaped to the continent; pardoned by government without his knowledge, 1733; joined Prince Charles Edward, 1745; colonel and captain of the prince's guards; present at the battle of Falkirk; delivered up by the Grants after Oulloden, 1746; executed.
  264. ^ George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith (1746–1823), admiral ; made a voyage to China, 1767; navy lieutenant, 1770; served on shore at the reduction of Charleston, 1780; M.P., Dumbartonshire, 1780, Stirlingshire, 1790; took possession of Fort La Malgue, near Toulon, 1793; rear-admiral, 1794; commander-inchief of the Indian squadron, 1795; compelled the Dutch to retire from their camp at Muizenberg, 1795; anticipated by Rear-admiral Rainier in taking possession of Ceylon, 1796; received the surrender of a Dutch squadron in Saldanha Bay, 1796; created Baron Keith of Stonehaven Marischal, 1797; the suppression of the Sheerness mutiny largely due to his efforts, 1797; allayed disaffection among the Plymouth sailors; commander in Spanish waters, 1799; pursued a French fleet, which eluded him, from the Mediterranean to Brest, 1799; entered the harbour of Genoa, which he had blockaded in cooperation with an Austrian force, 1800; declined to sanction El Arish Convention, 1800; demanded, but did not enforce, the surrender of the ships of war in Cadiz, and withdrew with Abercromby, 1800; admiral, 1801; commander-in-chief in the North Sea, 1803; created viscount, 1814; intermediary of the government in its correspondence with Bonaparte relative to his being sent to St. Helena.
  265. ^ Hester Maria Elphinstone , Viscountess Keith (1762–1857), daughter of Henry and Hester Thrale ; her education directed by Dr. Johnson; gave herself up to the study of Hebrew and mathematics when her mother married Piozzi; married George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith, 1808.
  266. ^ Sir Howard Elphinstone (1773–1846), majorgeneral; second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1793; served at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, 1795; captainlieutenant in India, 1800; attached to embassy to Portugal, 1806; commanding royal engineer in Peninsula. 1808; wounded at Rolica; major by brevet, 1812; commanding royal engineer at the battles of Nivelle and the Nive, 1814; created baronet and O.B.
  267. ^ Sir Howard Crawfurd Elphinstone (1829-1890), major-general; educated at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1847; lieutenant, 1851; first captain, 1862; major, 1872; lieutenant-colonel, 1873; colonel, 1884; major-general, 1887; served in Crimea, and received Victoria cross, 1855; governor to Prince Arthur (duke of Connaught), 1859-71, and treasurer and comptroller of his household, 1871-90; O.B. civil, 1865, and military, 1871; O.M.G., 1870; K.C.B., 1871; aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria, 1877; accidentally drowned off Ushant while journeying to Tenerlffe.
  268. ^ James Elphinstone, first Baron Balmerino (1553 7-1612), one of theOctavians 1595; secretary of state in Scotland, 1598; created Baron Balmerino, 1604; commissioner to discuss the union with England, 1604; president of session, 1605; appointed secretary of state; disgraced and attainted for having, when secretary of state for Scotland, written a letter (1599), which James I (then James VI of Scotland) signed without knowing its contents, to Pope Clement VIII in commendation of the Roman catholic faith; condemned to death; imprisoned, but subsequently released.
  269. ^ John Elphinstone, second Baron Balmerino (d. 1649), son of James, first baron; restored to blood and peerage, 1613; sentenced to death for misprision of treason, 1635, as having read, interlined, and secretly handled a petition against Charles I's ecclesiastical measures, which the king had declined to look at; pardoned: to appease popular feeling, 1635; advised the covenanters to complain to Louis XIII against Charles I; president of the Scots parliament, 1641; privy councillor and extraordinary lord of session, 1641; a commissioner to England, 1644.
  270. ^ John Elphinstone , third Baron Balmerino (1623-1704); fined 6,000. Scots for having conformed under the Commonwealth, 1662.
  271. ^ John Elphinstone , fourth Baron Balmerino (1652-1736), privy councillor, 1687-1714; opposed the! union; representative of the peers, 1710 and 1713-14.
  272. ^ John Elphinstone , thirteenth Baron Elphinstone (1807–1860), captain in the royal horse guards, ! 1832; lord-in-waiting to William IV, 1835-7; G.C.H. and privy councillor, 1836; governor of Madras, 1837-42; explored Cashmere; governor of Bombay, 1853-9; prevented a rising hi Bombay, 1857: G.C.B., 1858; created Baron Elphinstoue in peerage of United Kingdom, 1859.
  273. ^ Margaret Mercer Elphinstone, Comtesse de Flahaut, Viscountess Keith, and Baroness Nairn (1788-1867), daughter of George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith; confidante of Princess Charlotte; married the Comte de Flahault, 1817.
  274. ^ Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779–1859), governor of Bombay; appointed to the Bengal civil service, 1796; escaped from Vazir All's massacre of Europeans, 1798; assistant to the governor-general's agent at the peshwa of Poona's court, 1801; military attache at the battle of Assaye, 1803; charged with the cavalry at Argaum, 1803; resident of Nagpur; ambassador to Shah Shuja at Oabul, 1808; resident of Pooua, 1810-16; ! demanded justice from the peshwa of Poona on one of his favourites, who had murdered a Mahratta envoy, i 1815; superseded, 1816; took part in a repulse of Mahratta troops, 1817; instructed to annex Poona, 1817; governor of Bombay, 1819-27; prepared code for Bombay presidency; declined the governor-generalship on retiring; author of a History of India and The Rise of British Power in the East published 1887.
  275. ^ William Elphinstone (1431–1514), bishop of Aberdeen and founder of Aberdeen University; M.A., Glasgow, 1452; regent of Glasgow University, 1465; rector of St. Michael's Church, Trongate, 1465: doctor of decrees at Paris; rector of Glasgow University, c. 1474; official of Glasgow, and (1478) of Lothian; made archdeacon of Argyll for his services as ambassador to Louis XI, 1479; bishop of Ross, 1481; privy councillor, 1483; bishop of Aberdeen, c. 1488-1614; sent to arrange a marriage between James III and Edward IV's niece Anne, 1484; lord auditor of complaints, Edinburgh; consistently supported James III; lord high chancellor, 1488; keeper of the privy seal, 1492-1514; concluded a treaty between Scotland and Holland, 1493; obtained charter from James IV to found King's College, Aberdeen, 1498; rebuilt choir of Aberdeen Cathedral; introduced printing into Scotland; his end said to have been hastened by distress at the English victory at Flodden.
  276. ^ William George Keith Elphinstone (1782-1842), major-general; lieutenant, 41st regiment, 1804; major, 8th West India regiment, 1811; fought at Waterloo, 1815; C.B.; aide-de-camp to the king, 1825: major-general, 1837; unfortunate in his command of the troops at Oabul, 1841, where he died just before the final catastrophe.
  277. ^ William Cuthbert Elphinstone-Holloway (1787–1850), colonel, R.E. ; son of Sir Charles Holloway (1749-1827); second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1804; lieutenant, 1805; captain, 1813; lieutenant-colonel, 1828; colonel, 1841; served in Peninsula, 1810-12; commanding royal engineer in Cape of Good Hope, 1818-31, in Canada, 1843-9, and in western military district, 1849 till death; O.B., 1831; took surname of Elphinstone, 1825.
  278. ^ Charles Richard Elrington (1787–1850), regius professor of divinity in Dublin University; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1805; mathematical and Hebrew prizeman; fellow, 1810-29; M.A., 1811; Donnellan lecturer, 1819; D.D., 1820; chancellor of Ferns, 1832-40; regius professor of divinity, 1829-50; rector of the union of Armagh, 1841; commenced publication of Archbishop Ussher's complete works, 1847; specialised on the recent ecclesiastical history of Ireland.
  279. ^ Thomas Elrington (1688–1732), actor; first appeared at Drury Lane, 1709, as Oroouoko; deputymaster of the revels and steward of the king's inns of court; played Hamlet at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1716; frequently appeared at Drury Lane.
  280. ^ Thomas Elrington (1760–1835), bishop of Leighlin and Ferns; scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, 1778; fellow, 1781-1806; M.A., 1785; Donnellan divinity lecturer, 1 794; D.D., 1795; Archbishop King's lecturer, 1795; Smith's professor of mathematics and (179'J) of natural philosophy; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1811-30; bishop of Limerick, 1820-2, of Leighliu and Ferns, 1822-35; published ecclesiastical and other works: edited Locke's Two Treatises on Government as well as Juvenal and Persius.
  281. ^ Robinson Elsdale (1744–1783), autobiographer, narrating his adventures as a privateer (1762-79) off Hispaniola and the west coast of Africa.
  282. ^ Samuel Elsdale (d. 1827), master of Moulton grammar school; son of Robinson Elsdale; M.A. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1809; fellow.
  283. ^ Elsi (d. 1050). See Eadsige.
  284. ^ Elizabeth Elstob (1683–1766), Anglo-Saxon scholar; sister of William Elstob; published English-Saxon Homily on the Nativity of St. Gregory with translation, 1709; given 100l. by Queen Caroline; commenced edition of Alfric's Homilies and published Anglo-Saxon grammar, 1715.
  285. ^ William Elstob (1673–1715), divine ; claimed to descend from Welsh princes; educated at Eton and Catharine Hall, Cambridge; tfellow of University College, Oxford, 1696; M.A., 1697; incumbent of St. Swithin and St. Mary Bothaw, London, 1702-15; edited Roger Ascham's Letters 1703; made proposals for re-editing the Saxon laws.
  286. ^ Renold Elstracke (Renier) (fl. 1590–1630), engraver; of Belgian origin; executed engravings of the kings of England for Henry Holland (1583-1650 ?), 1618; engraved, among other portraits, a double wholelength of Mary Stuart and Darnley.
  287. ^ John Elsum (fl. 1700–1705), author; collected 'Epigrams upon the Paintings of the most eminent Masters, Antient and Modern 1700, and wrote on painting, 1703-4.
  288. ^ Henry Elsynge (1598–1654), clerk of the House of Commons; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford: B.A., 1625; resigned his clerkship of the House of Commons to avoid implication in proceedings against Charles I, 1648.
  289. ^ John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall (1316–1336). See John.
  290. ^ Sir Charles Abraham Elton (1778–1853), author; educated at Eton; captain, 48th regiment; served in Holland; translated Hesiod and selections from other Greek and Roman poets; defended unitariauism, 1818, but a6jured it in Aevrtpai *poiri'5, 1827.
  291. ^ Charles Isaac Elton (1839–1900), lawyer and antiquary; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1862; fellow of Queen's, and Vineriau law scholar, 1862; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1865; Q.C., 1885; conservative M.P. for West Somerset, 1884-5, and for Wellington division, 18861892; F.S.A., 1883; published numerous writings on historical, archteological, legal, and literary topics.
  292. ^ Edward William Elton (1794–1843), actor; trained for the law; appeared at the opening of the Garrick Theatre in Whitechapel, 1831; the original Beauseant in the Lady of Lyons at Covent Garden; played Romeo and Rolla at Drury Lane, 1839-40; perished by shipwreck, 1843; famous in the r6le of Edgar in Lear
  293. ^ James Frederic Elton (1840–1877), African explorer; took part in reKef of Delhi and Lucknow, 1857; present at capture of Pekin, 1860; joined staff of French army in Mexico, 1866; sent to report on South African gold and diamond fields, 1871; member of Natal executive and legislative council; political agent and vice-consul at Zanzibar to assist in the suppression of the slave-trade, 1873: British consul at Mozambique, 1875; explored the Makua country, 1877; endeavoured to ascertain the possibility of a route from the north end of Lake Nyassa to Quiloa, 1877; died of malarial fever in Ugogo.
  294. ^ John Elton (d. 1761), adventurer in Persia ; seacaptain in Russian service, c. 1735-8; formed scheme for British trade through Russia Into Persia and central Asia by way of Caspian Sea, which was temporarily adopted by the Russian company, c. 1741; entered service of shah and was appointed admiral of Caspian; espoused cause of Muhammad Hassan Khan, 1751, and was shot by members of the rival faction.
  295. ^ Richard Elton (fl. 1650), military writer : lieutenant-colonel, and governor-general of Hull, 1656; author of The compleat Body of the Art Military 1660.
  296. ^ Sir George Job Elvey (1816–1893), organist and composer; chorister of Canterbury Cathedral; studied music, and was organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1835-82; Mas. Bac. New College, Oxford, 1838; Mas. Doc. by special dispensation of chancellor of university, 1840; knighted, 1871. He was a prolific writer of church music, and composed several anthems for royal marriages and other occasions.
  297. ^ Stephen Elvey (1805–1860), organist and composer; organist of New College, Oxford, 1830; Mas. Doc. Oxon., 1838; organist of St. Mary's Church, and (1846) of St. John's College; university choragus, 1848-60; composed Evening Service (1825), and settings of the Psalter.
  298. ^ Edmund Elviden (. 1670), poet; published A Neweyere's gift to the Rebellious Persons in the North partes of England 1570, The Closit of Counsells 1569, and a Metaphorical! History of Pesistratas and Catanea
  299. ^ Edward Elwall (1676–1744), Sabbatarian; defended the presbyterian meeting-house at Wolverhampton from a high church mob, 1716; successively a Unitarian, a churchman, and an Ebionite; wore at one time 1 Turkish habit from respect to the unitarianism of Islam; 'transient memberof the Sabbatarian baptists, 1720; prosecuted for blasphemy at Stafford, but discharged by Alexander Deiiton, 1726; published Unitarian, Sabbatarian, and other religious pamphlets.
  300. ^ Sir Gervase Elwes (1661-1615). See Helwys.
  301. ^ John Elwes of Mbgqott (1714–1789), miser ; educated at Westminster; became an expert in riding at Geneva; heir to his uncle's estate, 1763; M.P. for Berkshire, 1774-87; trimmed between the party of Pitt and Fox; lived a parsimonious rather than a selfish life.
  302. ^ Whitwell Elwin (1816–1900), prose-writer ; B.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1839; ordained priest, 1840; curate of Hardington, Somerset, 1840-9; rector of Booton, 1849-1900; contributed toQuarterly Review 1813-86; editor, 1853-60. His works include five volumes (1871-2) of the edition of Pope which Mr. W. J. Courthope completed.
  303. ^ Humphrey Ely (d. 1604), Roman catholic divine: studied at Brasenose College, Oxford; scholar of St. John's College, Oxford; licentiate in the canon and civil laws, Donny; LL.D.; made by a mistake gaoler of one of his travelling companions, when visiting England disguised as a merchant, 1580; priest, 1582; professor of the canon and civil laws at Pout-a-Mousson, 1586-1604; wrote 'Certaine Briefe Notesoil the archpriest controversy, 1603.
  304. ^ Nicholas of Ely (d. 1280), chancellor; archdeacon of Ely, 1249; prebendary of St. Paul's; elevated to the keepership of the great seal soon after the provisions of Oxfoni, becoming chancellor, 1260; dismissed, 1261; treasurer, 1262: reappointod chancellor, but restricted to signing ordinary writs, of which the justiciar was witness, 1263: reappointed treasurer, 1264; bishop of Worcester, 1266-8; one of the board appointed to arrange term* for the submission of the disinherited barons, 1266; bishop of Winchester, 1268-80: involved in an obstinate quarrel with the chapter of Winchester relative to hi? nomination of a prior: nvon.stituted the monastery and appointed Adam of Farcham prior, 1278.
  305. ^ Thomas of Ely (fl. 1175). See Thomas.
  306. ^ William Ely (d. 1609), Roman catholic divine; brother of Humphrey Ely; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1549; refused to shake hands with Cranmer at the stake, 1556; B.D., 1557; second president of St. John's College, Oxford, 1559-63, having temporarily conformed; removed on refusing to acknowledge the queen's supremacy over the English church, 1563; missioner in Herefordshire; died in Hereford gaol.
  307. ^ Sir Richard Elyot (1450?–1522), judge : commissioner for the collection of an aid in Wiltshire, 1503; serjeant-at-law, 1503; attorney-general to the queen, c. 1604; judge of assize on the western circuit; J.P. for i Cornwall, 1509; judge of the common pleas, 1513; i knighted before 1517; summoned to the first three parliaments of Henry VIII's reign.
  308. ^ Sir Thomas Elyot (1499?–1546), diplomatist and author; son of Sir Richard Elyot; studied Galen and other medical writers; clerk of assize on the western circuit, 1511-28; J.P. for Oxfordshire, 1522; clerk of the privy council, 1523-30; knighted, 1530; owed his appointment (1531) as ambassador to Charles V to hisBoke called the Governour (published, 1531); directed, against his inclination, to obtain the emperor's assent to Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Arragon; again ambassador to the emperor, 1535; insisted in a letter to Cromwell that, though intimate with Sir Thomas More, he was no catholic, 1536; M.P., Cambridge, 1542. His works, written under the influence of Erasmus and the Italian humanists, include The Doctrine of Princes... translated out of Greke into Euglishe (from Isocrates), 1534, a Latin-English dictionary, 1538, The Image of Governance translated from a Greek manuscript of Eucolpius (first published, 1540), and Platonic dialogues and compilations from the fathers.
  309. ^ Edmund Elys (fl. 1707), divine and poet; probationer fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1655-9; M.A., 1658; rector of East Allington, 1659-89; imprisoned on suspicion of being a royalist, 1659; deprived, 1689; published quaker and auti-Socinian pamphlets and religious
  310. ^ William Emerson (1701–1782), mathematician ; unsuccessful as a private teacher; keenly interested in , practical mechanics, incidentally constructing a spinningI wheel for his wife; declined, on grounds of economy, to i become a member of the Royal Society; published treatise on Fluxions 1749, and mathematical manuals for young students, including Cyclomathesis 1763,The Arithmetic of Infinites 1767, and Dialling 1770.
  311. ^ Edward Emery (d. I860?), numismatist; produced the imitations of coins known as Emery's forgeries; exposed, 1842.
  312. ^ John Emery (1777–1822), actor ; performed at the Brighton Theatre; appeared at the Haymarket inColman'sHeir-at-Law1800; member of the Coveht Garden j Company, 1801-22; exhibited, mainly sea-pieces, at tht ! Royal Academy, 1801-17; declared by Leigh Hunt to be jalmost perfectin his representation of rustics.
  313. ^ Samuel Anderson Emery (1817–1881), actor ; son of John Emery; engaged at the Queen's Theatre, c. 1884 j played in Scotland and the Midlands; i played Giles in theMiller's Maidand Lovegold in the jMiserat the Lyceum, 1843; stage-manager at the Surrey, but not permanently identified with any theatre; excelled in the parts of old man and countryman.
  314. ^ John Emes (fl. 1785–1805), engraver and watercolour painter; exhibited landscapes at the Royal Academy, 1790 and 1791; best known by his engraving of Jeffefys's Destruction of the Spanish Batteries before Gibraltar 1786.
  315. ^ Thomas Emes (d. 1707), known as 'the prophet'; quack doctor; his resurrection expected by the Camisard fraternity, to which he belonged, 1707; derided Colbatch's theory of alkali being morbific and acid being curative in A Dialogue between Alkali and Acid 1698; published 'The Reasonableness and Union of Natural and the True Christian Religion," 1698.
  316. ^ Edward Emily (1617–1657), Harveian orator; M.D. Leyden, 1640: M.D. Oxford; L.C.P., 1641; censor, 1652 and 1653; Gulstonian lecturer, 1649; attacked the Commonwealth in his Harveian oration, 1656.
  317. ^ Baron Emly ( 1812–1894). See William Monsell.
  318. ^ Henry Emlyn (1729–1815), architect ; published A Proposition for a New Order in Architecture (founded on a division of the upper portion of the shaft into two; columns), 1781; introduced the order into the tetra-style; portico at Beaumont Lodge, near Windsor, c. 1785.
  319. ^ Sollom Emlyn (1697–1754), legal writer; son of Thomas Emlyn; studied at Leyden; member of Lincoln's Inn; disparaged the civil law, the criminal law, and the ecclesiastical courts in the preface to his (second) edition of the State Trials 1730.
  320. ^ Thomas Emlyn (1663–1741), first Unitarian minister in England; domestic chaplain to Letitia, countess of Donegal, a presbyterian lady, 1683-8; chaplain to Sir Robert Rich, 1689-91; colleague to Joseph Boyse at Dublin, 1691-1702; made confession of his heresy to a suspicious elder of his congregation, 1702; virtually dismissed, 1702; put to press An Humble Inquiry into the Scripture Account of Jesus Christ, 1702, for which he was sentenced in the court of queen's bench to a year's imprisonment, to be extended until he had paid a fine of 1,000l. and found security for good behaviour during life, 1703; the reduction of his fine mooted by Boyse and subsequently allowed by Ormonde, the lord-lieutenant; released on payment of 907., 1705; occasionally preached at the general baptist church in the Barbican (Paul's Alley); probably the first preacher who described himself as a unitarian, the term originated by Thomas Firmin; friend of Samuel Clarke (1675-1729); published unitarian pamphlets.
  321. ^ Emma (d. 1052), called Aelfgifu, queen; daughter of j Richard the Fearless, duke of the Normans; called the gem of the Normansin Henry of Huntingdon's chronicle; married to King Ethelred II, the Unready, 1002; adopted the English name Elfgifu: said to have ! defended London against Cnut, 1016; married to Cnut, 1017; endeavoured to make her son Harthacnut king, but ! was opposed by her step-son Harold, who seized England to the north of the Thames, 1035; secured for Harthacnut: recognition as king in Wessex, 1035; banished by Harold L the men of Wessex being tired of Harthacnut's prolonged absence, 1037; fled to the court of Baldwin V, count of j Flanders; wielded considerable influence during the reign of Harthacnut, 1040-1; despoiled of her wealth by King; Edward the Confessor, her son by Ethelred, 1043.
  322. ^ Christopher Temple Emmet (1761–1788), barrister; brother of Robert Emmet; scholar, Trinity College, Dublin, 1778; called to the bar in Ireland, 1781; king's counsel, 1787; predicted downfall of England, unless Irish wrongs were redressed, in his Decree," an allegorical poem.
  323. ^ Robert Emmet (1778–1803), United Irishman; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1793; took his name off the books when brought up at the visitation held to discover the political sympathies of the students, 1798; visited ! Paris; interviewed Talleyrand and Napoleon, the latter of I whom promised to secure Irish independence, 1802; fell in love with Sarah Curran, daughter of John Philpot Curran included the seizure of the person of the viceroy; lost heart at the violence of his followers and retired to Rath- I farnham; arrested and executed, 1803.
  324. ^ Thomas Addis Emmet (1764-1827), United Irishman; brother of Robert Emmet; scholar of Trinity College, Dublin 1781; B.A., 1783; M.D. Edinburgh; LL.B. Dublin; called to the Irish bar, 1790; took the oath of the United Irishmen in open court, 1796; one, of the directors of the Society of the United Irishmen, 1797; arrested with his colleagues, 1798; agreed to I Oastlereagh's proposal that he should be transported to America, but, in consequence of the American minister's objection, wab transferred to Fort St. George i Scotland, 1799; sent to Holland, 1802: assisted MacSheehy in his scheme for raising a battalion of Irish in the pay of France; joined the New York bar, 1804; died at New York.
  325. ^ Anthony Emmett (1790–1872), major-general, royal engineers; second lieutenant, royal engineers, 1808; wounded while leading a column to the assault of Badajoz, 1812; captain, 1813; fought at Ortnes and Toulouse, 1814; commanding royal engineer at St. Helena; retired a-i major-general.
  326. ^ Richard Empson or Emson (d. 1610), statesman and lawyer; M.P. for Northamptonshire, 1491; speaker, 1491-2; knighted, 1504; high steward of Cambridge University, 1504; chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, 1504; associated with Edmund Dudley in the exaction of taxes and crown fines during Henry VII's reign; executed on a charge of constructive treason, suggested by his having armed his friends during Henry VII's last illness.
  327. ^ William Empson (1791–1852), editor of the Edinburgh Review; educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1815; his article on Bentham in theEdinburgh Review(1843) answered by John Stuart Mill; professor of general polity and the laws of Englandat the East India College, Haileybury, 1824-52; editor of the Edinburgh Review 1847-52.
  328. ^ Enda or, in the older spelling, Enna, Saint, of Arran (fl. 6th cent.), son of a chief of Oriel (in county Louth); persuaded by his sister, St. Fanche, to become a monk; crossed over to Britain; ordained presbyter after living with St. Ninian; founded monastery of Latinum; missionary in Ireland, founding ten monasteries in Arran of the Saints.
  329. ^ John Endecott (1588?–1665), governor of New England; probably born at Dorchester; joined in purchasing a patent of Massachusetts Bay territory, 1628; in charge of Nanmkeag (afterwards Salem), 1628; conducted expedition to Mount Wollaston (now Quincy), and rebuked the inhabitants for their lawlessness; friend of John Winthrop, the first regularly elected governor of New England; member of his council of assistants, 1630 and 1636; disqualified from holding office for one year by judicial sentence, for having insulted the red cross of St. George, 1634; sent on an expedition against the Block Island and Pequot Indians, 1636; governor, 1644, 1649, 1651-3, and 1655-65; sergeant major-general of Massachusetts, 1645; persecuted the quakers; coined money, 1652-65; informed that Charles II was ready to take the colony under his protection, provided that it submitted to be a dependency of the English crown, 1662; the royal commissioners refused a hearing by his court, 1664; his dismissal recommended by Secretary Sir William Morrice, 1665.
  330. ^ Edward Enfield (1811–1880), philanthropist; grandson of William Enfield; literary student at Manchester College, York; moneyer at the mint; president of the senate of University College, London, 1878-80; treasurer of the University College Hospital, 1867-80; president of Manchester New College, London; worked with the domestic mission society for the poor of East London.
  331. ^ William Enfield (1741–1797), divine and author ; tutor in belles-lettres and rector of the Warriugton academy, 1770-83; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1774; pastor of two presbyterian congregations; published The Speaker 1774, a popular schoolbook, Institutes of Natural Philosophy 1785, and translations and religious works.
  332. ^ George England (fl. 1735), divine and author ; incumbent of two country parishes; published An Enquiry into the Morals of the Ancients 1737.
  333. ^ George England (. 1740–1788), organ-builder ; built an organ for St. Stephen's, Walbrook (1760), and for various other churches.
  334. ^ George Pike England (1766?–1814), organbuilder; son of George England (fl.–1740-1788); built organs for numerous churches, including one, conjointly with Nicholls, for Durham Cathedral, 1816.
  335. ^ John England (1786–1842), bishop of Charleston; founded female penitentiary and poor schools for both sexes while a student at Carlow College; lecturer at Cork Cathedral and chaplain to the Presentation Convent, 1808; D.D.; president of the diocesan college of St. Mary, 1812-17; Roman catholic bishop of Charleston, U.S.A., 1820; established the pioneerUnited States Catholic Miscellany; befriended the negroes of his diocese; papal legate to the government of Hayti, 1833: his collected works (dealing with topics of controversial theology) published, 1849.
  336. ^ Sir Richard England (1793–1883), general; born at Detroit, Upper Canada; lieutenant, 1809; lieutenant-colonel, 1825; brigadier-general during the Kaffir war, 1836 and 1837; colonel, 1838; assisted Nott in defeating Akbar Khan on the Khojak Heights, but suffered some reverses, 1841; K.C.B., 1843; distinguished himself at Inkernian, 1854: directed attack on I; - Inn. 1855; G.C.B.; colonel, 41st regiment, 1861; general, 1863.
  337. ^ Thomas Richard England (1790–1847), biographer; brother of John England; catholic parish priest in Ireland; published biographies of some Koman catholic ecclesiastics.
  338. ^ Sir Francis Englefield (d. 1596?), Roman catholic exile: knighted at Edward VI's coronation, 1547; imprisoned for celebrating mass before the Princess Mary, 1551; privy councillor, 1553; knight of the shire for Berks; placed on the witchcraft commission, 1556; fled to Valladolid, 1559; outlawed for high treason, committed at Namur, 1564; attainted and forfeited, 1586, Elizabeth seizing even the estates he had alienated; pensioned by the king of Spain; corresponded with the pope and the king of Spain on behalf of Mary Stuart, 1586; buried at Valladolid.
  339. ^ Sir Henry Charles Englefield (1752–1822), antiquary and scientific writer; F.S.A., 1779: P.S.A.; directed the society's issue of engravings of English cathedrals and churches, 1797-1813; F.R.S., 1778; gold medallist of the Society of Arts for his Discovery of a Lake from Madder; published miscellaneous works.
  340. ^ Francis Engleheart (1775–1849), engraver; nephew of George Engleheart; engraved for books from drawings by Richard Cook; engraved Sir David Wilkie's Duncan Gray and The Only Daughter; exhibited at the Society of British Artists,
  341. ^ George Engleheart (1752–1839), miniature painter; of Silesian extraction; pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds; miniature-painter to the king, 1790; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1773-1812.
  342. ^ John Cox Dillman Engleheart (1783–1862), miniature-painter; nephew of George Engleheart; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1801-28.
  343. ^ Thomas Engleheart (d. 1787?), sculptor and modeller in wax; brother of George Engleheart; gold medallist of the Royal Academy for a bas-relief of 'Ulysses and Nausicaa 1772; exhibited wax busts and models at the Royal Academy, 1773-86.
  344. ^ Timothy Stansfeld Engleheart (1803–1879), engraver; enernved Gui'io lU-ni'sKoce Homo 1840, and plates inThe British Museum Marbles
  345. ^ Hester English (1571–1624). See Kello.
  346. ^ Sir John Hawker English (1788–1840), surgeon-in-chief to the Swedish army; decorated with the order of Gustavus Vasa, 1813; knighted, 1816; M.D. Göttingen, 1814: M.D. Aberdeen, 1823; L.R.C.P., 1823.
  347. ^ Josias English (d. 1718?), amateur etcher; etched in the style of Hollar from Clein's designs; his most important etching, Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus after Titian.
  348. ^ William English (fl. 1350). See Grisaunt.
  349. ^ William English (d. 1778), Irish poet; Augustininn monk and writer of ballads, including the wellknown Oaahel of Monster
  350. ^ Enniskillen, second Baron of (1616–1645). See Connor Maguire.
  351. ^ William Ensom (1796–1832), engraver; silver medallist of the Society of Arts for a pen-and-ink portniit ot William Blake (1767-1827), 181ft: engraved lor 1 annuals; executed engravings from portraits by Sir Thomas Lawrence.
  352. ^ George Ensor (1769–1843), political writer ; B.A. : Trinity College, Dublin, 1790; author of a philosophical essay, entitled The Independent Man 1 806, and assailant of the English government of Ireland in such books as Anti-Union 1831, andA Defence of the Irish 1825; wrote against Malthusianism, 1818.
  353. ^ Sir George Ent (1604–1689), physician; of Dutch parentage; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1631: M.D. Padua, 1636; F.C.P., 1639; Gulstonian lecturer, 1642; knighted, 1665; P.C.P., 1670-5, 1682, and 1684; F.R.S.; vindicated Harvey's discovery with an Apologia pro circuitioue sauguinis 1641.
  354. ^ John Entick (1703?–1773), schoolmaster and author; published a Speculum Latinum 1728; brought out Phaedri Fabulse with accents and notes, 1754; attacked the government in Shebbeare and Scott's anti-ministerial Monitor; obtained damages in 1765 for seizure of his papers by the government three years before; published histories and compiled English and Latin dictionaries.
  355. ^ Joseph Entwisle (1767–1841), methodist minister; preached before his sixteenth year; sent on the Oxfordshire circuit by Wesley, 1787; first missionary I secretary, 1805; president of conference, 1812 and 1825; 1 house governor of the Hoxton Theological Institution, 1834-8; published an Essay on Secret Prayer 1820.
  356. ^ John Enty (1675?–1743), presbyteriuu minister: I of humble origin; pastor of a presbyterian congregation at Plymouth, 1698; leader of the conservative party in the assembly of united ministers; published theological  ! pamphlets.
  357. ^ Eoghan, saint and bishop (d. 618), kinsman of the chieftains of Ulster and Leinster; carried off to Britain by pirates in boyhood; educated by St Ninian; taken to Armorica by Gaulish raiders; returned to Ireland and ! founded a monastery at Hy Cualann, co. Wicklow; humanised the chieftains of Ardstraw, and helped his friend, Tigeruach, to found monasteries in North Ireland.
  358. ^ Chevalier d'Éon (1728–1810). See D'Éon de Beaumont.
  359. ^ Francesca Margherita de L'Epine (d. 1746), Tuscan vocalist; became associated with the establishment of Italian opera in England by singing in 'Thamyris 1707, Almahide 1710, Handel'sPastor Fido 1712, and similar pieces: divided London society i into factions by her jealousy of Mrs. Tofts, the Drury I Lane favourite, 1704.
  360. ^ George Napoleon Epps (1816–1874), homoeopathic practitioner; half-brother of John Epps; M.R.C.S., 1845; surgeon to the Honvuopathic Hospital, Hanover Square, 1846; chief work,Spinal Curvature, its Theory and Cure 1849.
  361. ^ John Epps (1805–1869), homoeopathic physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1826; published Evidences of Ohris tianity deduced from Phrenology; medical director of the Royal Jennerian and London Vaccine Institution, c. 1830: issued Homoeopathy and its Principles Ex 1 plained 1841, and other works in defence of Hahnemann's system; lecturer on materia medica at the Homoeopathic Hospital, Hanover Square, 1861; issued the Christian Physician and Anthropological Magazine 1836-9; friend of.Ma..ini and Kossuth.
  362. ^ Erard, saint and Bishop (fl. 730–754); left Ireland to look for his brother Hildulph, who had gone i out as a missionary to Germany, and, finding him a hermit in the Vosges, induced him to teach publicly; ; baptised Ottilia, daughter of the Duke of the Allemauui; possibly a monastic bishop at Ratisbon, where he was buried; canonised, 1052.
  363. ^ William Erbury (1604–1664), independent divine; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1623: incumbent of St. Mary's, Cardiff, 1623-38; pronounced a schismatic by the bishop of Llandaff, 1634; forced to resign his living, 1638; chaplain of Skippon's regiment; according to Edwards, taught universal redemption; denied the divinity of Christ, l645; maintained in various theological treatises that the Holy Spirit departed about the end of the apostolic period.
  364. ^ Thomas of Erceldoune , called also the Rhymer and Learmont (fl. 1220?-1297 ), seer and poet; meuli.m.il in the chartulary (1294) of the Trinity House of Soltra as having inherited lands in Erceldoune, a Berwickshire village; said to have predicted the death of Alexander III, king of Scotland, under the figure of a destructive gale, 1285, ako the battle of Bannoekburu; traditional fountain of many (fabricated) oracles, one of which foretold the accession of James VI to the English throne; reputed author of a poem on the Tristrem story, which.-ir Walter Scott considered genuine; it probably emanated from a French source. The romance of Thomas and the ladye gaye popularly attributed* to him, may be placed after 14ul (edited by Dr. J. A. H. Murray, 1875).
  365. ^ Sampson Erdeswicke (d. 1603), historian of Staffordshire; studied at Brasenose College, Oxford, 15531554; worked at hisViewor Survey of Staffordshire from 1593 to 1603; said to have written his pupil William Wyrley'sTrue Use of Armorie 1592; commended by the antiquary Camden.
  366. ^ Sir John Eric Erichsen (1818–1896), surgeon ; born at Copenhagen; studied medicine at University College, London; M.R.C.S., 1839; F.R.O.S., 1845; joint lecturer on anatomy and physiology at Westminster Hospital, 1844, and joint lecturer on anatomy, 1846-8; assistant-surgeon, 1848, and full surgeon, 1850-75, to University College Hospital; professor of surgery iu University College, 1860-66; Holme professor of clinical surgery, 1866: F.R.S., 1876; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1884; surgeon-extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1877; created baronet, 1895; president of council of University College, 188 7-96; published Science and Art of Surgery 1863, and other surgical works.
  367. ^ John Erigena (fl. 850). See Scotus.
  368. ^ Erkenwald or Earconwald, Saint (d. 693), bishop of London; founded a monastery with the help of Frithewald, under-king of Surrey, at Chertsey, and another at Barking; consecrated bishop of the East Saxons, 676, practically founding his see.
  369. ^ Thomas Erle (1650?–1720), general ; M.P. for Wareham, 1678-97, and 1699-1718, for Portsmouth, 1698; deputy lieutenant for Dorset, 1685; colonel of foot, 1689; fought for William III in Ireland, 1690-1, and at Steinkirk, 1692; wounded at Landen, 1693; commanderin-chief in Ireland, 1702; lord justice in Ireland, c. 1702; lieutenant of the ordnance on Marlborough's recommendation, 1703; commanded the centre as lieutenant-general at Almanza, 1707; coumiauder-in-chief at siege of Lille. 1708; commauder-in-chief in South Britain and governor of Portsmouth, 1709-12; nominated general of foot in Flanders, 1711.
  370. ^ Sir William Erle (1793–1880), judge ; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow; B.C.L. 1818; barrister, Middle Temple, 1819; bencher, Inner Temple, 1834; M.P. for city of Oxford, 1837; counsel to the Bank of England, 1844; serjeant-at-law, 1844; knighted, 1845; lord chief- justice of common pleas, 1859-66; privy councillor, 1859; member of the Trades Union Commission, 1867; published The Law relating to TradesUnions 1869-80.
  371. ^ Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (1674–1728), fifth son of Ernest Augustus, elector of Hanover and brother of George I; saw military service under the emperor; created Duke of York and Albany and Earl of Ulster, 1716; K.G.; prince bishop of Osnaburg, 1716-28.
  372. ^ Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and King of Hanover (1771–1851), fifth son of George III ; K.G., 1786; sent to Gbttingen University, 178; lieutenantcolonel, 9th Hanoverian hussars, 1793; major-general in the English and Hanoverian armies, 1794; wounded at the first battle of Tournay, 1794; created Duke of Cumberland and Earl of Armagh, 1799; general, 1803; chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, 1805; opposed all relaxation of the catholic penal laws, 1808; voted against the regency bill, 1810; narrowly escaped assassination in his bed, 1810; deputy-elector of Hanover, 1813; field marshal in the British army, 1813; G.OJJ., 1815; resigned his colonelcy of the blues, 1830; opposed the Reform Bill of 1832; insulted by Brougham in parliament; gr:.n-l master of Irish Orangemen; succeeded on Willi.im IV's death, in acconlance with provisions of Salic law, as King Ernest I of Hanover, 1837: cancelled William IV's constitution, and made himself absolute monarch; gained popularity by the contrast he showed to the absenteeism of hia predecessors; granted Hanover a constitution on democratic lines, 1840; died at Herrenhauaen.
  373. ^ Ernulf or Arnulf (1040 - 1124), bishop of Rochester; of French origin; Benedictine monk at Beauvais; made prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, by Archbishop Anaelm; abbot of Peterborough, 1107-14; appointed bishop of Rochester against his will and to the sorrow of his monks, 1114; author of theTextus Roffeusis a collection of laws, papal decrees, and documents relating to the church of Rochester (published by Thomas Hearne, 1720).
  374. ^ Sir Thomas Erpingham (1357–1428), soldier ; in service of John of Gaunt, 1380: accompanied him to Spam, 1386; went with John of Gauut's son, Henry, earl of Derby (afterwards Henry IV), on expeditions to Lithuania, 1890 and 1392, and accompanied him during his banishment, 1398-9; constable of Dover Castle and warden of Cinque ports, 1399-1409; K.G. and chamberlain of king's household, 1400; accompanied Thomas, duke of Clarence (1388?-1421),- in Ireland, 1401-3; privy councillor and steward of royal household, 1404; took part in Agincourt campaign, 1415; sent with John Wakering, bishop of Berwick, to Calais and Beauvais, to treat with king of France, 1416.
  375. ^ Anthony Errington (d. 1719?), Roman catholic divine; D.D.; dedicated Catechistical Discourses to the Princess Henrietta Maria, 1654.
  376. ^ George Errington (1804–1886), Roman catholic archbishop; educated at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, 1814-21; D.D. of the English college, Rome, 1827; vicerector, 1832; presided over St. Mary's College, Oscott, 1843-7; first bishop of Plymouth, 1850-5; archbishop of Trebizond in partibus, 1855; coadjutor to Cardinal Wiseman, 1856-62; assistant at the pontifical throne, 1856; in charge of St. Paul's College, Prior Park, 1870-86.
  377. ^ John Edward Errington (1806–1862), civil engineer; resident engineer of the Grand Junction railway; constructed harbour works of Greenock, 1841; brought forward the entire system of railways from Lancaster to Inverness; vice-president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1861-2; engineer to London and Southwestern Railway; his plan for the line from Yeovil to Exeter accepted, 1856.
  378. ^ William Errington (1716–1768), Roman catholic divine; student and professor at the English college, Douay; established school at Sedgley Park, Staffordshire, 1763; archdeacon and treasurer of the chapter in London.
  379. ^ Errol, ninth Earl of (d. 1631). See Francis Hay.
  380. ^ Charles Erskine (1680–1763), lord justice clerk; regent of Edinburgh University, 1700-7; first professor of public law, Edinburgh, 1707; member of the Faculty of Advocates, 1711; M.P., Dumfriesshire, 1722, 1727, and 1734; M.P., Dumfries burghs, 1734; solicitor-general for Scotland, 1725; lord advocate, 1737-42; M.P. for the Wickburghs, 1741; raised to the bench as Lord Tiuwald, 1744; lord justice clerk, 1748.
  381. ^ David Erskine , second Baron Cardross (1616–1671), royalist; fined and excluded from parliament (1649) for having promoted the engagement 1648.
  382. ^ David Erskine, Lord Dun (1670–1758), Scottish judge; studied at Paris and St. Andrews; member of the Scottish bar, 1698; M.P., Forfarshire, 1690-1, 1693, 1695, and 1696; opposed the union; ordinary lord, with title of Lord Dun, 1710-53; lord of justiciary, 1714-44; published Friendly and Familiar Advices 1764.
  383. ^ Sir David Erskine (1772–1837), dramatist and antiquary; natural sou of David Steuart Erskine; professor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst; knighted, 1&30; F.S.A. Scot.; a founder of the Scots Military and Naval Academy, Edinburgh: author of King James the First of Scotland 1827, King James the Second of Scotland 1828, and other plays, also of 'Annals and Antiquities of Dryburgh 1836.
  384. ^ David Montagu Erskine, second Baron Erskine (1776-1865), diplomatist: eldest son of Thomas, first baron Erskine; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1802; M.P., Portsmouth, 1806; minister plenipotentiary to the United States, 1806-9, at Stuttgard, 1825-8, at Munich, 1828-43.
  385. ^ David Steuart Erskine, eleventh Earl of Buchan (1742–1829), brother of Henry Erskine (1746–1817); studied at Glasgow University and Robert Foulis's academy; nominated secretary to the embassy to Spain, but did not go, possibly because the ambassador was his inferior by birth, 1766; freed the election of Scottish representative peers from governmental interference; originated Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1780; founded annual festival in commemoration of James Thomson, 1791; presented Washington with a snuff-box made from the tree which sheltered Wallace, 1792; contributed to numerous publications and wrote literary biographies and essays.
  386. ^ Ebenezer Erskine (1680–1754), founder of Scottish secession church; M.A. Edinburgh, 1697: ordained by the presbytery of Kirkcaldy to Portmoak, 1703; consistently refused the oath of abjuration; one of the twelve apostles who signed therepresentation 1721; admitted to the third charge of Stirling, 1731; moderator of the synod of Stirling and Perth; preached against an act of the. assembly to regulate the election to vacant churches, failing presentation by the patron, 1732; censured by the synod, 1732; deposed for protestiutr against the censure of the assembly, 1733; seceded, and formed an associate presbytery, 1733; issued, in company with three others, his judicial testimony against the church of Scotland, 1736: formally deposed with his followers, 1740; headed two companies ofseceders against the Pretender, 1746; professor of divinity to the 'associate synod 1747-9, his followers having become divided into two parties by varying interpretations of the civic oath taken by the burgesses of Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Perth; deposed from the ministry (1748) by the antiburgher synod.
  387. ^ Edward Morris Erskine (1817–1883), diplomatist; son of David Montagu, second baron Erskine ; secretary of legation at Florence, 1852, at Washington, and at Stockholm, 1858-60; secretary of embassy to St. Petersburg and Constantinople, 1860; minister plenipotentiary to Greece, 1864-72; on the Stockholm legation, 1872-81; C.B., 1873.
  388. ^ Henry Erskine , third Baron Cardross (1660-1693), covenanter; son of David, second baron Cardross ; fined and imprisoned on account of his own and his wife's presbyterian leanings; released, 1679; denied all redress by Charles II; emigrated; expelled by the Spaniards from his plantation at Charlestown Neck, South Carolina; accompanied the Prince of Orange to England, 1688; fought at Killiecrankie, 1689; privy councillor, and general of the mint, 1689; lieutenant-colonel, 1689.
  389. ^ Henry Erskine (1624–1696), presbyterian minister; minister of Cornhill, Northumberland, 1649; ejected, 1662; his sentence of fine and imprisonment by a committee of privy council commuted to banishment from Scotland; released from imprisonment at Newcastle, 1685; allowed to preach by royal indulgence, 1687.
  390. ^ Sir Henry Erskine or Harry (d. 1766), fifth baronet of Alva and Cambuskenneth; lieutenant-general; deputy quartermaster-general and lieutenant-colonel in expedition to L'Orient, 1746; M.P., Ayr, 1749, Anstruther, 1754-61; removed from the army for political reasons, 1 756; subsequently became lieutenant-general; secretary of the order of the Thistle; endeavoured to prevent publication of Ludy Mary Wortley Montagu's letters: erroneously credited with the authorship of the Scottish march, Garb of Old Gaul
  391. ^ Henry Erskine (1746–1817), lord advocate; studied at St. Salvator and St. Leonard's, Edinburgh, and Glasgow; lord advoriite, 1783 and 1806; advocate and state councillor to the Prince of Wales in Scotland, 1783: dean of the Faculty of Advocates, 1785-95; condemned theseditionandtreasonbills as unconstitutional, 1795, and so was not re-elected dean, 1796; M.P., Haddington burghs, 1H06, Dumfries burghs, 1806-7; a commissioner to inquire into administration of justice in Scotland, 1808; friend of the poor; published The Emigrant, an Eclogue 1773, and other poems.
  392. ^ Henry Napier Bruce Erskine (1832–1893), commissioner of Scinde, 1879-87; son of William Erskine (1773-1852)
  393. ^ James Erskine, sixth Earl of Buchan (d. 1640), son of John, second or seventh earl of Mar; j Earl of Buchan by marriage; lord of the bedchamber to ; Charles 1, 1625.
  394. ^ James Erskine, Lord Grange (1679–1754), judge; member of the Faculty of Advocates, 1705; lord of justiciary, 1707; lord justice clerk, with the title of Lord Grange, 1710; secretly intrigued with Jacobites, though professing loyalty to Hanoverian dynasty; denied the qualification of heritors, as heritors, to elect a minister, 1731; publicly celebrated his wife's funeral, 1732, though she was still alive in the Hebrides, a prisoner to prevent the disclosure of Jacobite secrets; resigned his judgeship in order to sit in parliament; M.P., Stirlingshire, 1734; opposed Walpole and (1736) the abolition of the statutes against witchcraft; secretary to Frederick, prince of Wales.
  395. ^ James Erskine (1722–1796), Scottish judge: son of Charles Erskine; advocate, 1743; sheriff depute of Perthshire, 1748; exchequer baron in Scotland, 1754; knight-marshal of Scotland, 1758; sessions judge as Lord Barjarg, 1761, afterwards as Lord Alva.
  396. ^ James Claudius Erskine (1821–1893), member of Indian civil service; son of William Erskine (17731852); judge of Bombay high court, 1862-3.
  397. ^ Sir James St Clair Erskine, second Earl of Rosslyn (1762–1837), general; son of Sir Henry Erskine (d. 1765); lieutenant, 38th regiment; lieutenant, 2nd dragoons, 1778; assistant adjutant-general in Ireland, 1782; M.P., Castle Rising, 1781-4, Morpeth, 1784; one of the managers of Warren Hastings's impeachment; M.P., Kirkcaldy burghs, 1790-1805; served as adjutantgeneral before Toulon, 1793, and in Corsica; aide-de-camp to the king, and colonel, 1795; major-general, 1798; commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean; lieutenant-general, 1805; succeeded his uncle as Earl of Rosslyn, 1805; sent with Simcoe (1806) on a special mission to Lisbon, which resulted in the despatch of Sir Arthur Wellesley to the Peninsula; general, 1814; G.O.B.; lord privy seal and privy councillor; lord president of the council, 1834
  398. ^ John Erskine , sixth Baron Erskine, and first or sixth Earl of Mar of the Erskine line (d. 1572), regent of Scotland; put in charge of Edinburgh Castle, 1554; disregarded the warning of the lords of the congregation not to allow the queen regent to fortify Leith, 1559; refused to subscribe the Book of Discipline though a hearer of Kuox, 1560: privy councillor, 1561; favoured the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots and Darnley; created, or possibly recognised as, Earl of Mar, 1565; assisted in suppressing Moray's rebellion, 1566; signed the order for Mary's commitment to Lochleven Castle, 1567; member of the council of government, 1567; fought at Langside, 1568; implored the assistance of Queen Klizabeth, when the safety of the young king, James VI. his ward, was endangered by Moray's murder, 1569; regent on the death of Lennox, 1571; proclaimed Morton, the real governor, lieutenant-general of the forces, 1671; consented to the extradition of the Duke of Northumberland in order to obtain Elizabeth's assistance, 1672: joined Morton in agreeing to the proposal of Killigrew, the English ambassador, that Mary should be delivered up to the extreme reformers, 1572.
  399. ^ John Erskine (1509–1591), of Dun, Scottish reformer; educated at King's College, Aberdeen: brought from the continent a French gentleman, Petrus de Marsiliers, whom he established at Montrose to teach Greek, 'nocht heard of beforein Scotland; friend of the reformer Wishart; supported the queen dowager, 1647; signed the first bond of the Scottish reformers inviting Knox to return from Geneva, 1567; signed tbe act suspending the queen regent, who had broken faith, 15! appointed superintendent for Angus and Mearns, 1560; allayed the anger of Mary Queen of Scots at the denunciations of Knox: remonstrated with the regent for proclaiming certain letters dismissing the collectors of the thirds of the benefices, 1571: agreed to the modified episcopacy introduced at tbe Leith convention, 1572; assisted in the compilation of the Second Book of Discipline 1578; member of the king's council, 1579; superintendent of the general assembly, 1589.
  400. ^ John Erskine , second or seventh Earl of Mar of the Erskine line line (1558-1634), lord high treasurer of Scotland; son of John, first or sixth earl; educated with James VI, who called him Jocky o Sclaittis (slates); obtained the government of Stirling Castle and the guardianship of the young king, James VI, by stratagem, 1578; authorised, by the influence of Morton, to apprehend all uoh persons as entered Stirling Castle in arms while the king was there, 1579; accompanied the king from Stirling to Holyrood, 1579: foiled a plot of Lennox to carry off the king, 1680; excluded from the counsels of the kine 1 after Morton's arrest; regained possession of the king's person by theraid of Ruthven 1582; favourably received at court, the king bavin* escaped from hiskeeping, 1583; banished from England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1584: returned, and captured Stirling Castle in the protestant interest, 1584; found refuge in England from the resentment of King James; forfaulted 1584; returned to Scotland in arms; privy councillor of Scotland, 1585: great master of the household; guardian of the young Prince Henry, 1595; instrumental in preventing the success of the Gowrie conspiracy, 1600: ambassador to Elizabeth, at first as a cloak for assisting Essex's rebellion, but subsequently to negotiate James VI's accession to the English throne, 1601; member of the English privy council; K.G., 1603; created Baron Cardross, 1604; lord high treasurer of Scotland, 1616-30.
  401. ^ John Erskine , sixth or eleventh Earl of Mar of the Erskine line (1675-1732), Jacobite leader; joined court party, 1696; privy councillor, 1697; K.T.; left court party, 1704; rejoined it, 1705: commissioner for the union, 1705: secretary of state for Scotland; keeper of the signet; Scottish representative peer, 1707, 1708, 1710, and 1713; privy councillor, 1708; advocated the repeal of the union, 1713; secretary of state, 1713; dismissed, though professing loyalty, 1714: set up James Edward, the Old Pretender's, stand ard at Braemar, 1715; his projected attack on Edinburgh foiled by the rapidity of Argyll's movements; defeated at Sheriffmuir, 1715; created duke by the Old Pretender, 1715: escaped with the Pretender to Gravelines; treated with George I for a partial restoration of tbe Stuarts, possibly to commend himself at the Hanoverian court, 1717: memorialised the regent of France with a proposal for dismembering the British empire, 1723; lost the confidence of the Pretender,
  402. ^ John Erskine (1695–1768), Scottish lawyer; member of the Faculty of Advocates, 1719; professor of Scots law, Edinburgh, 1737-65; gave a connected view of the entire Scots law in Principles of the Law of Scotland 1754, and Institutes of the Law of Scotland published, 1773.
  403. ^ John Erskine (1721?-180U), theologian: son of John Erskine (1695-1768); educated at Edinburgh University; partially adopted Warburton's views; minister of Kirkintilloch, 1744-53, of Culross, 1753-8, of the New Greyfriars, 1758-67, and from 1767 of the Old Greyfriars, Edinburgh; D.D. Glasgow, 1766; friend of Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards; published pamphlets deprecating war with America, c. 1774; corresponded with Edmund Burke and lords Kames and Hailes; published controversial and theological works.
  404. ^ Ralph Erskine (1685–1752), Scottish seceding divine and poet; son of Henry Erskine (1624-1696); possibly M.A. Edinburgh; minister of the second charge, Dunfermline, 1711, of the first charge, 1716; one of the twelve apostles of 1721; seceded, 1737; deposed, with his colleagues, 1740; published Faith no Fancy to discountenance Whitefield's revival, 1742, also Gospel Sonnets (25th edit. 1797) and Scripture Songs collected, 1754.
  405. ^ Thomas Erskine , first Earl of Kellie, first Viscount Fenton and first Baron Dirleton (1566–1639); educated with James VI; gentleman of the bedchamber, 1685; privy councillor in Scotland, 1601: captain of the yeomen of the guard, 1603-32; created Baron Dirleton, 1604, Viscount Fenton, 1606; K.G., 1616: rewarded for his scheme of respite of homage with the earldom of Kellle, 1619.
  406. ^ Thomas Erskine , first Baron Erskine (1750-1823), lord chancellor; midshipman in the West Indies, 1764-8: bought commission in 1st royal regiment of foot, 1768; published a pamphlet on * Abuses in the Army; advised by Lord Mansfield to go to the bar: studied at Lincoln's Inn, 1775; gentleman commoner, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1776; honorary M.A., 1778: called to the bar, 1778; gained the day for his client, Thomas Baillie , by a fierce onslaught on the opposing party, Lord Sandwich, first lord of the admiralty, 1778; obtained a verdict of not guilty for Lord George Gordon, 1781; did much to mould English commercial law, an almost new department of jurisprudence; first barrister to refuse to go on circuit except for a special fee; intimate friend of Sheridan and Fox; M.P. for Portsmouth on formation of coalition government, 1783; attorney-general to the Prince of Wales, 1783: spoke ineffectively on Fox's East India bill; denounced Pitt's India bill, 1784; lost his seat at the dissolution, 1784; hissed for unsparing abuse of Pitt in his speech as counsel for the East India Company, 1788; contributed by bis speech on a libel caw to the passing (1792) of Fox's Libel Act; successfully defended Stockdale on a charge of libelling the managers of Hastings's impeachment, 1789: M.P., Portsmouth, 17901 806; lost his office of attorney -general to the Prince of j Wales by appearing on behalf of Thomas Paine, 1792; procured acquittal for most of those prosecuted by j the government for conspiracy or constructive treason, ! 1793-4; issued Causes and Consequences of the War with I France 1797; supported Peace of Amiens in parliament i and spoke (1795) against Seditious Meetings Bill; lord ! chancellor, though ignorant of equity, 1806; created ! Baron Erskine of Restormel, 1806; his decisions unfairly 1 termed theApocrypha presided at Lord Melville's ! trial, 1806; resigned the seals, 1807; moved that the king's : personal inclinations ought not to be binding on minisi ters; became an advocate of negro emancipation; retired into private life, studied farming, and wrote Armata a political romance; K.T.; opposed the second reading of the bill of pains and penalties against Queen Caroline, 1820, and the Six Acts, 1819 and 1820; protested j against the Corn Law Bill, 1822; worked for the cause of I Greek independence, 1822-3.
  407. ^ Thomas Erskine (1788–1864), judge; son of Thomas, first baron Erekine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1811; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1813: king's counsel, 1827; chief judge in bankruptcy, 1831-42: privy councillor; judge of common pleas, 1839-44; friend of Charles Kingsley.
  408. ^ Thomas Erskine (1788–1870), advocate and theologian; grandson of John Erskine (1695-1768); educated at Edinburgh High School and University: member of the Faculty of Advocates, 1810; espoused and developed John M'Leod Campbell's doctrine ofuniversal atonement 1831; friend of Carlyle, Dean Stanley, and F. D. Maurice; seemed to Prevost-Paradol, a kind of old prophet upheld Calvinism as makingGod all in all published Christian apologetics and expository works, includingRemarks on the Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion 1820.
  409. ^ Thomas Alexander Erskine, sixth Earl of Kellie (1732–1781), musical dilettante: studied music in Germany; director of the St. Cecilia concerts at Edinburgh; notorious for his coarse joviality. A collection of his minuets was published in 1836.
  410. ^ William Erskine (d. 1685), son of John, second or seventh carl of Mar; master of Charterhouse, 1677-85; cupbearer to Charles II; M.R.S.
  411. ^ Sir William Erskine (1769–1813), major-general; lieutenant, 15th light dragoons, 1788; captain, 1791; created baronet, 1791: one of the officers who saved the Emperor Leopold at Villiers-en-Couche, 1793; M.P., Fifeshire, 1796 and 1802-5; major-general, 1808; commanded the light division at Torres Vedras, though too recklessly to be successful: commanded Hills's cavalry in the advance on Madrid, 1812; cashiered as insane; killed himself at Lisbon.
  412. ^ William Erskine, Lord Kinneder (1769–1822), friend of Sir Walter Scott; educated at Glasgow University: advocate at the Scottish bar, 1790; guided Scott in his studies of German drama and romance: negotiated for Scott's translation of Lenore 1796: sheriff depute of Orkney, 1809: promoted to the bench as Lord Kinneder, 1822; ruined in health by a groundless accusation of immorality: wrote Scottish songs.
  413. ^ William Erskine (1773–1852), historian and orientalist; educated at Edinburgh; apprenticed as lawyer; accompanied Sir James Mackintosh to India, 1804; stipendiary magistrate; master in equity in recorder's court of Bombay, 1820; member of committee of three which drew up Bombay code of regulations; accused of defalcations and deprived of offices, 1823; settled in Edinburgh, 1826; provost of St. Andrews, 1836-9. He had made a careful study of Persian, and published in 1826 a translation of Babar's Memoirs with valuable preface, introduction, and notes. His writings include 4 History of India under Babar and Humayun 1864.
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