Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 41

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 41 running from name Nichols to name O'Dugan.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 41 Nichols - O'Dugan. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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There is a drawing of this incident depicted at File:An_exact_representation_of_an_attempt_made_by_Margt_Nicholson_to_stab_His_Majesty_on_Wednesday_Augt_2_1786_by_Samuel_William_Fores.jpg.

Michael Angelo Nicholson^[32]

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^ James Nichols (1786–1861), printer and theological writer; became a printer and bookseller: edited the Leeds Literary Observer (1819, 1 vol.); removing to London published Calvinism and Arminianism compared 1824: translated two volumes of Arminius's Works 1825; printed and edited Thomson's Works 1849, and Young's Complete Works 1856.
^ John Nichols or Nicholson (d. 1538). See Lambert.
^ John Nichols (1745–1826), printer and author; lu.-:iti lit Islin*tou and apprenticed to Will.. the younger, whoM partner be became, 17W; edited Mire,- additional volume* of Swift'sWorks 1776, 177* ami 177-*, mid William King's Work* 1776; joined David Henry in the management of the Gentleman's Magazine,* 177*. for which be wa* solely responsible f rom 179* to 1826. published his lioyal Wills 178u, a Collection of Miscellaneous Poems 17HU- a: mi.! etween 178U and 18JU bin Jnbhothffa Topographica ii vol-.i; pulillcbedBiographical Anecdote* of Higarth i 78 i, and between 180H and 1817 edited, with Steeven*, Hogarth's Genuine Work*: edited Bowyer'n Anecdote* and Miscellaneous Tract* 1786, AtU-rbury's Correspondence 1783-99, theBio graphical Dictionary 1784,. the Tatler 17M, KteeJe's r,,m-ioiiden.-,- 1788-91, The Progresses of Kliabeth; 1788-18J1, and Shakespeare Play* 1790; published between 1796 and 1816 The History and Antiquities of Leicester* (8 vols.), his most important work, and, in 1801, his alitiou of Swift's work* (19 vols.)
^ John Bowyer Nichols (1779–1863), printer and antiquary: ?on of John NichoN; educated at St. Paul's School. London; entered his father priatI lug office, 1796; became part editor of the Gentleman Magazine and subsequently, in 18:::*, ole proprietor: printer of parliamentary proceeding" and published important county histories: wrote anl edited antiquarian and topographical works.
^ John Gough Nichols (1806–1873), printer and antiquary: son of John Bowyer Nichols; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; entered the printing offices of his father and grandfather, 1824; joint editor of the Gentleman's Magazine 1828-61; oole editor, 1861-6; a founder of the Camdeti Society, whose volume* he printed, and many of which he edited; edited Literary Remains of Edward VI and Sir Nicholas Throckmor tonfor the Roxburgbe Club; edited the periodicals Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica 1834-43, The Topographer and Genealogist 1846-58, and The Herald and Genealogist 1863-73; published heraldic and genealogical works.
^ Josias Nichols (1555?–1639), puritan divine; B.A. Oxford, 1574; rector of Eastwell, 1581; described as a ringleader of puritan ministers and suspended, 1584, but soon restored; deprived in consequence of his puritan writings, 1603.
^ Philip Nichols (fl. 1647–1559), protestant writer; published a very protestant and outspoken Letter to Canon Crispyn, 1547, and other works in the same spirit.
^ Thomas Nichols (fl. 1560), translator of Thncydides; a goldsmith: translated Thucydides from Seyssel's French version, 1560.
^ Thomas Nichols (Jt. 1554), merchant : lived in i the Canary islands, r. 1554-61; his description of the Canary islands and Madeira included in Hakluyt's Prin; cipall Navigations 1589.
^ William Nichols (1655–1716), Latin poet; 1LA. Christ Church, Oxford, 1677; rector of Stockport, 16941716; wrote elegant Latin elegiacs, 1711, and translated portions of the prayer-book into Latin verse,
^ William Luke Nichols (1802–1889), antiquary; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1829; heki various charges in the English church; published Horae Romanae 1838.
^ Alfred Nicholson (1788–1833), landscape painter; son of Francis Nicholson (1763-1844).
^ Brinsley Nicholson (1824–1892), scholar; studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris; M.D. Edinburgh: army surgeon; nerved in Africa, China, and New Zealand: edited the first quarto of Henry the Fifth 1876, 'The Best Plays of Ben Jonson published, 189S, and Donne's poems, published, 1895.
^ Charles Nicholson (1796–1837), flautist and composer; appointed professor of the flute at the Rpyal Academy of Music, 1822; improved the instrument and possessed some talent for composition.
^ Francis Nicholson, (1665-1728), colonial governor; entered the army, 1678: lieutenant-governor of the colonies north of Chesapeake Bay, 1688: fled to BngbuMl when the colonists rose 1689; lieutenant-governor of Virginia: sooceerfnlly established schools ime condition of the clergy, and urged a vie.-,,,,, against Canada: governor of Maryland, 1694, of 1: tern-d against Canada, I7os; Governor South Carolina, 1719: knighted 1720: 1725: though in England, hrld nominal 5X
^ Francis Nicholson (1650-1 731), theologian; M.A., University College, Oxford, 1673 : avowed himself a Roman catholic, 1686: joined the English Carthusians at Nleuport, 1688: subsequently lived at Lisbon and died at the ***" College; wrote on the eucharist, 1688.
^ Francis Nicholson (1753–1844), water-colour painter; at first painted portraits, but finally devoted himself to landscape*: left Yorkshire for London. 1800: an original member of the Society of Painters in Watercolours, 1804: wrote on drawing and painting in watercolour*, 1880: changed the art from mere paper-staining with light tints to the production of depth of tone ami variety of shade and colour.
^ George Nicholson (1760–1825), printer and author; commenced publishing chap-books at Bradford, c. 1784; published his Literary Miscellany at Manchester, r. 1797; possessed great taste and originality as a typographer; wrote on vegetarianism, education and
^ George Nicholson (1795?–1839?), artist; exhibited at Liverpool Academy exhibitions, chiefly watercolour landscapes, 1827-38.
^ George Nicholson (1787–1878), painter; nephew of Francis Nicholson (1753-1844)
^ Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), biologist; Ph.D. Göttingen; BJ3c. Edinburgh, 1866: D.Sc., 187; MJX, 1869: professor of natural history, Toronto, 1871-4, of physical science in Durham College of Physical Science, 1874-5, and of natural history at St. Andrews, 1875-82; regius professor of natural history at Aberdeen, 1882-99; fellow of Geological Society, 1867; F.L.S.: F.R.S., 1897; published zoological and palaeontologlcal text-books and numerous scientific papers.
^ Isaac Nicholson (1789–1848), wood-engraver; apprenticed to John Bewick, whose style he successfully copied.
^ John Nicholson (d. 1538). See Lambert.
^ John Nicholson (1730–1796), Cambridge bookseller; married Anne Watte, daughter of a Cambridge bookseller, to whose business he succeeded, 1752: nicknamed Maps; supplied undergraduates with their classbooks by subscription.
^ John Nicholson (1781–1822), author; grandson of John Nicholson (1730-1796); published anonymooaly Pertus and Arria 1809, and Right and Wrong 1812.
^ John Nicholson (1790–1843), the Airedale poet; a wool-sorter, who published Airedale in Ancient Times 1825; his separate poems collected in a complete edition, with biography, 1844.
^ John Nicholson (1821–1857), brigadier-general; born in Dublin: obtained cadetahip in Bengal infantry, 1839; served In Afghanistan and (1842) took a prominent part In the defence of Ghaznl; made prisoner, but ultimately rescued by Major-general (afterward Sir) George Pollock. 1842; promoted adjutant of his regiment, 1841; accompanied the Maharajah Gulub Singh to Kashmir, 184: captain, 1848; regarded as a demi-god by the natives, a brotherhood of fakirs in Hazara originating the worship of Nlkkul Seyn. 1848: when in charge of Sind Sagar Doab, secured Attek and scoured the country on the rebellion of Mulraj. performing almost incredible marches and prodigies of valour: distinguished himself daring the second Sikh war, especially at Gujrat. 1819, and was promoted brevet-major, 1849; administrative at Bannn. 1851-6; brevet lieutenant-general, 1864: was promoted brigadier-general on the outbreak of the mutiny, and commander of the Punjab movable column: disarmed suspected sepoy regiments: btfesjmpted tinnmtiiKvrs who were hastening to Delhi, mid destroy.-.! I them at Trimmu Gaunt at the Ravi river; he arrive I 1 at Delhi 14 Aug. 1857; captured thirteen guns and the camp equipment of the enemy. who were manoeuvering to get at the British rear, 25 Aug. 1857: commanded the main storming party in the assault on Delhi, 14 Sept. I8S7- was shot through the chest and died a few days later.
^ John Nicholson (1777–1866), publisher, of Kirkcudbright; brother of William Nicholson (17827-1849); antiquary and local historian.
^ Joshua Nicholson (1812–1885), silk manufacturer and philanthropist; partner in J. & J. Brough, Nicholson fc Co.; built the Nicholson Institute at Leek, 1884, and endowed it for ten. years.
^ Sir Lothian Nicholson (1827–1893), general; entered Woolwich, 1844; first lieutenant, 1847; second captain, 1856: served in the-Crimea: brevet major, 1855: present at the final siege of Lucknow; promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1858: C.B., 1859; brevet colonel, 1866: major-general, 1877: lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1878-1883: lieutenant-general, 1881; K.C.B., 1887: appointed governor of Gibraltar, 1891: died at Gibraltar,
^ Margaret Nicholson (1750?–1828), assailant of George III; a housemaid who (1786) attempted to stab George III with a dessert-knife; certified insane and sent to Bedlam: burlesque verses written on her by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Thomas Jefferson Hogg, 1810.
^ Michael Angelo Nicholson (d. 1842), architectural draughtsman; son of Peter Nicholson: invented the inverted trammel for drawing ellipses; pub1 lished professional works and exhibited at the Royal Academy.
^ Peter Nicholson (1765–1844), mathematician and architect; opened an evening school for mechanics in i Soho set up as an architect at Glasgow, 1800; removed to Carlisle, 1806, and to Newcastle, 1829; devoted his life : to improving the mechanical processes of building: formulated rules for finding sections of prisms, cylinders, or cylindroids, invented the centrolinead, and claimed to i have invented a method for obtaining rational roots and approximating to the irrational roots of an equation of any order; published many useful works on architecture and mathematics.
^ Renton Nicholson (1809–1861), known as the Lord Chief Baron; finally became editor of a society journal and a sporting paper; opened the Garrick's Head, London, 1841, and there established the Judge and Jury Society, where he presided as lord chief baron over humorous trials; subsequently removed his court to 103 Strand: wrote on boxing, and was proprietor and editor of Illustrated London Life 1843.
^ Richard Nicholson (d. 1639), musician; Mus. Bac. Oxford, 1596; organist, Magdalen College, Oxford, c. 1596; first professor of music at Oxford, 1626; composed madrigals.
^ Samuel Nicholson (fl. 1600–1602), poet and divine; M.A. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1602; his 'Acolastus his After- Witte 1600, interesting from its plagiarisms from Shakespeare's and other works; published a devotional treatise, 1602.
^ Thomas Joseph Nicholson (1645–1718), first vicar-apostolic of Scotland: regent, Glasgow University; became a Roman catholic, 1682: missionary to Scotland. 1687; imprisoned for a short time, 1688 and 1697; consecrated bishop of Peristachium and first vicar-general of Scotland, 1695.
^ William Nicholson (1591–1672), bishop of Gloucester; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1615; master of Croydon free school, 1616-29; rector of Llandilo-Vawr, 1626; archdeacon of Brecon, 1644; kept a school in Carmarthenshire in partnership with Jeremy Taylor and William Wyatt; bishop of Gloucester, 1661-72; published expositions of the catechism and apostles creed, and an analysis of the Psalms; published Apology for the Discipline of the Ancient Church 1669.
^ William Nicholson (1753-1815), man of scienoe and inventor: sailed under the East India Company, 17tJ'J-7G; settled in London and engaged in MkoUflo studies; invented (c. 1789) an ingenious aerometer, which bore his mum-, and was long usnl in lalH.ratoriea; acted as a patent agent, and himself patented a cylindrical machine for printing ou linen and other articles, 1790, which was never u-.-d: -ketch.-d arrangements for the water supply of Portsmouth and i-;rt. and became engineer to the company; brought out a Dictionary of Practical and Theoretical Chemistry 1808: edited Nicholson'sJournal ol Natural I'hilosophy 1797-1816, and wrote and translated many books on chemistry and natural philosophy.
^ William Nicholson (1781–1844), portrait-painter and etcher; exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy, 1808-22; removed to Edinburgh, 1814; miniaturist and painter in oils, but chiefly successful with water-colour portraits: etched a few of his own and other paintersportraits, and exhibited at Scottish exhibitions: instrumental in the formation of the Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, 1826.
^ William Nicholson (1782?–1849), the Galloway poet; a pedlar who was encouraged by Hogg and Dr. Alexander Murray (1775-1813); published Tales in Verse and Miscellaneous Poems 1814; visited London to preach universal redemption, 1826.
^ William Nicholson (1816–1866), Australian statesman and father of the ballot went out from England to Melbourne, 1841; elected to the city council, 1848; alderman and mayor, 1860; elected to the mixed legislative council for North Bourke, 1862; moved a resolution in favour of the ballot, 1855; unsuccessful in constructing a cabinet, but his scheme, ultimately the Australian ballot accepted; visited England, 1856; premier of Victoria, 1869; endeavoured to settle the Victoria land question.
^ William Adams Nicholson (1803–1853), architect; articled to John Buonarotti Papworth; established himself at Lincoln, 1828, and acquired extensive practice; original F.R.I.B.A.
^ Sir Robert Nickle (1786–1855), major-general; entered the army, 1799; lieutenant, 1802; captain, 1809; served through the Peninsular war; in America, 1814; entered Paris, 1815; brevet major, 1819; lieutenantcolonel, 1825; served in Canada, 1838; K.H.; brevet colonel, 1848; major-general, 1851; appointed commander of the Australian forces, 1853; died at Melbourne.
^ John Nickolls (1710?–1745), antiquary; merchant; collected prints of heads: acquired original letters formerly possessed by Milton, which he published. 1743; F.S.A., 1740.
^ Mrs Nicol (d. 1834?), actress; a housekeeper who became an actress; appeared first at Edinburgh, 1806; retired, 1834; excelled in old-women roles.
^ Alexander Nicol (fl. 1739–1766), Scottish poet; teacher of English at Aberuyte; his poems collected, 1766.
^ Emma Nicol (1801–1877), actress; daughter of Mrs. Nicol; played at Edinburgh, 1808-24; appeared in London and the smaller Scottish towns after 1824; in Edinburgh, 1834-62, devoting herself to old-women roles.
^ James Nicol (1769–1819), poet; was minister of Traquair, 1802; contributed to magazines; published two volumes of poems, 1805.
^ James Nicol (1810–1879), geologist; son of James Nicol (1769-1819); studied at Edinburgh, Bonn, and Berlin; professor of geology, Queen's College, Cork, 1849, and at Aberdeen, 1863-78; F.G.S. and F.RAE., 1847; published handbooks on mineralogy, 1849 and 1868, and wrote on the geology of Scotland, 1844 and 1866; discovered the true relations of the rock-masses in the complicated region of the highlands.
^ John Nicol or Nicoll (fl. 1590–1667), diarist; writer to the signet; compiled a diary iu two vols. from 1637 to 1649 and 1660 to 1657, prefixing an introduction on earlier Scottish history. Vol. i. has beeu lost, but vol. ii. (1660-7) wo* printed by the Banuntyne Club,
^ William Nicol (1744–1797), friend of Burns; stndiM th.-ology and medicine at Edinburgh; classical nuwter at Edinburgh High School; Bunu WM his guest, 1787 and 1789, aud they visitod the highlands together.
^ Nicolas Breakspear, Pope Adrian IV (d. 1169). See Adrian.
^ Granville Toup Nicolas (d. 1894), navy captain; son of John Toup Nicolas; entered navy, 1848; engaged in suppression of Taipig insurrection; retired as captain, 1882.
^ John Toup Nicolas (1788–1861), rear-admiral : brother of Sir Nicholas Harris Nlcolac; entered navy, 1799; lieutenant, 1804; commander. 1809; served in the Mediterranean: C.B. aud post captain, 1816; K.H., 1834; rear-admiral, 18SU.
^ Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1799–1848), antiquary; entered navy, 1808; lieutenant, 1816; put on half-pay, 1818; F.S.A., 1824-8; barrister, Inner Temple, 1825; many desirable reforms produced by bis attacks ou the record commission, the Society of Antiquaries, aud the British Museum; K.H., 1831; G.O.M.G., 1840; died at Boulogne. He compiled or edited many valuable works, amongst others,The Life of William Davieon 1823, Notitia Historica 1824 (Improved edition,Chronology of History 1833),Synopsis of the Peerage of England 1826,Testamenta Vetnsta 1826,Literary Remains of Lady Jane Grey 1826,The Battle of Agincourt 1827,The Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy 1832, Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council, 1886-1642Despatches and Letters of Lord Nelson 1844-6,History of Royal Navy 1847, and Memoirs of Sir Christopher Hatton 1847.
^ Sir William Nicolay (1771–1842), colonial administrator; second lieutenant, 1788; present at Seringapatam, 1792, and Pondicherry, 1793; captain, 1798; major, 1801; served at Waterloo: C.H., 1816: governor of Dominica, 1824-31, of Antigua, 1831-2, of Mauritius, 1832-40; lieutenant-general, 1837; K.C.H.
^ Alexander Nicoll (1793–1838), orientalist; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1814; regius professor of Hebrew and canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1822-8; D.C.L., 1822; made catalogues of the oriental manuscripts at the Bodleian Library, of which he was a sublibrarian,
^ Anthony Nicoll or Nicolls (1611–1669), parliamentarian; nephew of John Pym; M.P. for Bodmin in the Long parliament; joined the presbyterian members; several charges being preferred against him, was ordered into restraint, 1647; escaped; the orders against him revoked by the presbyterian*, 1647; master of the armouries, 1648; M.P., Cornwall, 1654-5, Bossiuey, 1640: sheriff of Cornwall, 1657.
^ Francis Nicoll (1770–1835), Scottish divine; M.A. Aberdeen, 1789; minister of Mains, 1799-1819; D.D. St. Andrews, 1807; minister of St. Leonard's, Fife, 1819-24; principal of 8k Leonard's and St. Salvator's, St. Andrews, 1819, and rector of the university, 1822.
^ Robert Nicoll (1814–1837), poet; wrote for Tait's Magazine; opened a circulating library at Dundee; became editor of the Leeds Times 1836: a strong radical; published poems, 1836, the best being his lyrics in the Scottish dialect.
^ Whitlock Nicoll (1786–1838), physician: M.R.C.S., 1809; M.D. Aberdeen, 1816; chief work, Cerebral Structures in Infants 1821; wrote also on theology.
^ Sir Augustine Nicolls or Nicholls (1569-1616), judge; reader at the Middle Temple, 1608; serjeant-at-law, 1603; justice of common pleas, 161S; knighted, 1612; chancellor to Charles, prince of Wales, 1616.
^ Benedict Nicolls (d. 1433), bishop of St. David's; bishop of Bangor, 1408-18; a trier of petitions, 1414 and 1429; bishop of St. David's, 1418-33; founded a chantry at St. David's.
^ Ferdinando Nicolls (1598–1662), presbyterian divine; M.A., Magdalen College, Oxford, i.:vi: r-.-ior of I ,;.,-,, -:.-. v;.:..i: Dranahire commissioner for the ejection of scandalous ministers, 1664: ejected,, 1661; published Life of Ignatius Jourdain 1664.
^ Sir Francis Nicolls, first baronet (1585–1642), nephew of Sir Augustine Nicolls; entered the Middle Temple, 1601; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1619; i sheriff of the county, 1631: secretary to the elector 1640; created baronet, 1641.
^ Sir Jasper Nicolls (1778–1849), lieutenant-general; gasettoi 179J: lieutenant, 1794: captain, 1799:. went to India, 1801: major, 1804: distinguished himself at the assault of Buenos Ayres, 1807; lieutenant-colonel, 1807; present at Oorufta (medal): quartermaster-general. 1811; colonel, 1814: distinguished himself in the conquest of Camoan, 1814-16: major-general, 1821: created K.O.B. for his brilliant services at Bhurtpore, 1825; lieutenant-general, 1837: commauder-in-chiet in Madras, 1838; transferred to Bengal, 1889; resigned, 1843.
^ Mathias Nicolls (1630?–1687), jurist; barrister; secretary of the province of New Netherlands, 1664, compiling the Duke's Laws the first code of lawn in New York: mayor of New York, 1672; first judge of (be common pleas, New York; died in America.
^ Richard Nicolls (1624–1672), first English governor of New York; the civil Northumbria and to have been slain by his brother Sitric; the Irish chroniclers do not mention him.
^ Nigel (d. 1169), bishop of Ely and statesman ; nephew of Roger, bishop of Salisbury; educated by Anselm at Laon; prebendary of St. Paul's, London: consecrated bishop of Ely, 1133, and was thenthe king's treasurer; restored several estates to the see; raised Stephen's suspicions and fortified Ely, which was taken (1139) by Stephen; fled to Matilda, but, realising the hopelessness of her cause, submitted, and was restored, 1142; accused of connivance in Geoffrey de Mandeville's revolt, and obliged to purchase his peace. On Henry H's accession Nigel was called upon to reinstate Henry I's official system, and was also presiding justiciar in the curia regis.
^ Nigel called Wireker (fl. 1190), satirist; monk of Christ Church, Canterbury; best-known work, Speculum Stultorum in which the vices and corruption of society and the religious orders are satirised; wrote also Contra Curiales et Officiates Olericos
^ Ralph Niger (fl. 1170), historian and theologian : educated at Paris; supported Thomas a Becket; accused before Henry II and fled into exile; in addition to theological works wrote two chronicles, which contain only borrowed notices of English affairs.
^ William Nicolls (1667–1723), jurist; son of Mathias Nicolls: went to America and became clerk of Queen's County, New York, 1683; imprisoned for opposing Jacob Leister's usurpation in New York; member for Suffolk County, New York, 1702, and speaker, 1701-18.
^ Thomas Nicols (fl. 1659), writer on gems; studied at Jesus College, Cambridge; wrote a curious work on precious stones, published thrice, each time with a different title.
^ Alexander Nicolson (1827–1893), Gaelic scholar; B.A., Edinburgh, 1850; hon. MJU 1869 : took to called to the Scottish bar, 1860; assistant of Scottish education, 1865; sheriff -substitute of Kirkcudbright, 1872, of Greenock, 1886; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1880; revised the Gaelic bible and collected Gaelic proverbs.
^ William Nicolson (1855–1727), divine and antiquary; M.A. Queen's College. Oxford, 1679; fellow, 16791681; visited Leipzig to learn German and the northern languages of Europe; prebendary of Carlisle, 1681; archdeacon of Carlisle, 1682: bishop of Carlisle, 1702; involved by his impetuosity as bishop in perpetual strife; formed a collection of manuscripts and contributed to antiquarian works; translated to the bishopric of Derry, 1718, to the archbishopric of Cashel and Emly, 1717; did not live to take charge of the archbishopric. m ptVH I.TI-:*!.iii lur HH j.n-s.TViitmii of nfli.-ial documents, for which purpose he built special rooms at Deny. His chief work consbts of theHistorical part published, 1696, 1697, and 169, 1. 1714; entire work republished, 1732 y. In 1706 he brought out Leges Marchiarum, or Border Laws (republished, 1747).
^ James Nield (1744–1814). See Neild.
^ Roger Niger or Le Noir (d. 1241), bishop of London; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1192: arch, l " 2JL51IS deacon of Colchester, 1218; elected bishop of London, from the Kennebec to the Hudson, 1664; on the SSS I &*!$ toSfrSSLS rSSeTwS? *nds, 1664, retainal Dutch officials where SSlSJS oWoiS i of pillaging the Romans, 1232; dedicated the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1240.
^ Joseph Nightingale (1775–1824), miscellaneous writer; became a Wesleyan methodist, 1796; was a schoolmaster and became a Unitarian, 1804; exposed to criticism by his Portraiture of Methodism 1807; returned to methodism, 1824; wrote on history, religion, stenography, and topography.
^ Sir Miles Nightingall (1768–1829), lieutenant-general; entered the army, 1787; present at Seringapatam, 1792, and Pondicherry, 1793; captain, 1794; major and lieutenant-colonel before 1797; quartermaster-general in Bengal, 1803; present (1808) at Roleia and Vimeiro, and (1811) at Fuentes d'Onoro (medals); major-general, 1810; commander-in-chief in Java, 1813-15; lieutenant-general, 1814; K.C.B., 1815.
^ Alexander Nimmo (1783–1832), civil engineer; of St. Andrews and Edinburgh Universities; originally a schoolmaster; commissioner to fix the county boundaries of Scotland; engineer of the western district of Ireland, where he reclaimed waste land and built bridges and harbours; P.R.S.; member of the Institute of British Architects.
^ James Nimmo (1654–1709), covenanter; was among the defeated at Bothwell Bridge, 1679; ultimately fled to Holland, but (1688) returned to Scotland, and was appointed to the customs.
^ Nimrod (pseudonym). See Charles James Apperley–1779–1843.
^ John Edmund Niemann (1813–1876), landscape-painter; exhibited in London and the provinces.
^ David Nieto (1654-1728), Jewish theologian; Venice: came to London, 1701, as rabbi to the and Portuguese Jews: published theoloirirail
^ Nigel called the Dane (d. 911?), reputed king of Deira; said by the English chroniclers to have ruled in Northumbria
^ Ninian or Ninias, Saint (d. 432?), apostle of Christianity in North Britain; a Briton who made a pilgrimage to Rome; trained at Rome; consecrated bishop, establishing his episcopal seat at Whithorn, where he built a stone church dedicated to St. Martin of Tours, and commonly called Candida Oasa: evangelised the southern Picte; Baeda and Ailred of Rievaulx give accounts of him.
^ Nisbet
^ Alexander Nisbet (1667–1725), heraldic writer: educated at Edinburgh for the law; devoted himself to heraldry and antiquities; chief work, System of Heraldry 1722.
^ Charles Nisbet (1736–1804), Scottish divine; educated at Edinburgh University; called to the charge of Montrose, 1764; advocated the cause of the American colonies; appointed (1785) principal of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he died.
^ John Nisbet (1627?–1685), covenanter; took an active and prominent part iu the strugglci, of the covenantors for civil and religious liberty; wounded and left for dead at Pentland, 1666; fought as captain at Bothwell Bridge, 1679; seized and executed as a rebel.
^ Sir John Nisbet (1609?–1687), lord-advocate; admitted advocate, 1633; sheriff -depute of the county of Edinburgh, 1639; defended Moutrose, 1641; appointed lord-advocate and raised to the bench as Lord inrltii, 1664; severely persecuted the covenanters; commissioner for the union of the two kingdoms, 1670; forced to resign position of lord advocate, 1677.
^ William Nisbet (fl. 1787–1805), medical writer; F.R.C.S. of Edinburgh; wrote on venereal diseases, 1787, on scrofula and cancer, 1796; published The Clinical Guide 1793, and a General Dictionary of Chemistry 1806.
^ Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett (1812?–1858), actress; the daughter of one Macnamara, who acted under the name Mordaunt; began to act as Miss Mordaunt at Greenwich, 1826; played in the provinces till i 1829; married John Alexander Nisbett, 1831, but returned to the stage (1832) in consequence of her husband's sudden death and his affairs being put into chancery; acted in various London theatres; married Sir William I Boothby, 1844; again returned to the stage after liis death, 1846; retired, 1851; a charming actress in comedy.
^ Nithsdale, fifth Earl of (1676–1744). See William Maxwell.
^ Countess of Nithsdale (d. 1749). See Winifred Maxwell.
^ Lord of Nithsdale (d. 1392?). See William Douglas.
^ Richard Nix or Nykke (1447?–1535), bishop of Norwich: studied at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (LL.D.), Oxford, and Bologna; prebendary of Wells, 1489; archdeacon of Exeter, 1492; archdeacon of Well?, 1494; prebendary of York, 1494; canon of Windsor, 1497: dean of the Chapel Royal, London, 1497; bishop of Norwich, 1501-35: belonged to the old catholic party; opposed to Henry VIII's divorce, and to the reformers; fined for infringing the Act of Pnemunire, 1534; swore to recognise royal supremacy, 1534.
^ Anthony Nixon (fl. 1602), pamphleteer and poet; was the author of miscellaneous prose pamphlets, vitlj scraps of original timl translated verse interspersed.
^ Francis Russell Nixon (1803–1879), bishop of Tasmania; son of Robert Nixon (1759-1837): of Merchant Taylors School, London: probationary fellow St. John's College, Oxford, 1827; M.A., 1841; D.D., 1842; held various preferments; consecrated first bishop of Tasmania, 1842; returned to England, 1863; rector of Bolton Percy, 1863-6: died at Lago Maggiore; published miscellaueous works.
^ James Nixon (1741?–1812), miniature-painter; limner to the Prince of Wales and miniature-painter to the Duchess of York; exhibited in London (1765-1805) portraits of theatrical and other celebrities; A.R.A., 1778.
^ John Nixon (d. 1818), amateur artist and merchant; exhibited landscapes and caricatures, 1784-1815.
^ John Nixon (1815–1899), pioneer of steam-coal trade in South Wales; apprenticed as mining engineer at Garesfield; employed on coal and iron field at Languin, near Nantes; perceived advantages of Welsh coal for furnaces, and induced French government to make trial of it; sank mine at Werfa, and gradually, in association with others, acquired and made many collieries in South Wales; introduced important improvements in mining methods.
^ Robert Nixon (fl. 1620?), the 'Cheshire prophet'; an idiot inspired at intervals to deliver oracular prophecies (first published by John Oldmixon, 1714).
^ Robert Nixon (1759–1837), painter, brother of John Nixon (d. 1818); graduated at Christ Church, Oxford. 1780: B.D., 1780: curate of Foot Oray, 1784-1804: exhibited painting* at the Royal Academy, 1790-1818.
^ Samuel Nixon (1803–1854), sculptor; exhibited at tin- Uoyal Academy, 1826: executed the sculptural decoration* of the Goldsmith Hall. L,-. cipal work the statue of William IV in King William Street, London.
^ Henry Minchin Noad ~(1815-1877), electrician; studied chemistry and electricity under Hofmann; professor of chemistry at St. George's Hospital, Loudon, 1847; Knino.1 the Astley Cooper prize, 1861; consulting chemist to W.-lsl, ironworks; F.RA, 1856; wrote on electricity and chemistry.
^ John Noake (1816–1894), antiquary; edited Worcester newspapers; sheriff, 1878, mayor and alderman, 1879, and magistrate, 1882. of Worcester, wrote on the history and antiquities of Worcester.
^ Robert Nobbes (1652–1706?), writer on angling; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1676; vicar of Apcthorpe, 1676-90, of Sausthorpe, 1702-6; hi* Compleat Troller 1682, frequently reprinted.
^ George Hunn Nobbs (1799–1884), missionary and chaplain of Pitcairn island; entered the navy, 1811; joined the patriot* of South America, 1816; captured by Spaniards, 1817; made several voyages to Sierra Leone, 1823: settled on Pitcairn island, 1828; ordained, 1852; subsequently removed with the Islanders to Norfolk Island, where he died.
^ George Noble (fl. 1795–1806), line-engraver; brother of William Bonueau Noble; engraved for Boydell's Shakespeare 1802, and Bowyer's Hume 1806.
^ James Noble (1774–1851), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1787; served in Mediterranean; lieutenant, 1796; distinguished himself at Loano, 1796, and St. Vincent, 1797; promoted commander, 1796: post-captain, 1802; rear-admiral, 1837; vice-admiral, 184ti.
^ John Noble (1827–1892), politician and writer on public finance; supported the Auti-Cornlaw league, manhood suffrage, and municipal reform in London; secretary of the County Council Union, 1889; wrote on financial reform.
^ Mark Noble (1754–1827), biographer; abandoned the law for the church; incumbent of Baddesley Clinton and Packwood, 1781; rector of Banning, 178;: 1781; produced, among other works, Memoirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell 1784, The Lives of the English Regicides 1798, and continued James Granger's Biographical History of England 1806; his numerous manuscripts sold, 1827.
^ Matthew Noble (1818–1876), sculptor; studied under John Francis (1780-1861): exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1845-76; executed chiefly busts.
^ Richard Noble (1684–1713), criminal; an attorney who became intimate with Mary, daughter of Admiral John Nevell and wife of one John Bayer; subsequently killed Sayer, the husband, and was executed.
^ Samuel Noble (1779–1853), engraver and minister of thenew church brother of William Bonneau Noble: a skilful architectural engraver; minister of Cross Street congregation, London, 1819; bis view that Christ's body was not resuscitated, but dissipated in the grave and replaced by a new divine frame, controverted by John Clowes and Robert Hindmarsu; published an Appeal on behalf of the... Doctrines... held by the ... New Church 1826, and other theological works.
^ William Bonneau Noble (1780–1881), landscape-painter in water-colours: brother of Samuel Noble ; taught drawing and exhibited water-colour paintings of Welsh scenery, 1809 and 1811.
^ William Henry Noble (1834–1892), major-general, royal artillery; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1869; lieutenant, 1856; captain, 1866: major, 1875; lieutenant-colonel, 1882; brevet-colonel, 1886: served as associate-member of the ordnance select committee for carrying out balistic and other experiments in scientific gunnery: the manufacture of cordite largely due to his reeearrhe?: ecrved in the Afghan war, 1876-8; major-general, 1889: F.R.S.
'^ Peter Nobys (fl.–1520-1523), master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M. A. Cambridge, 1504; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1603; rector of Landbeach, 1116: master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 117; visited Borne, 1619; resigned his masterahip and benefice, 1698.
^ Frederick P. Nodder (d. 1800?), botanic painter and engraver: supplied illustrations to various botanical works; exhibited, 1786-1800.
^ Sir Andrew Noel (d. 1607), sheriff of Rutland ; brother of Henry Noel; sheriff of Rutland, 1587, 1696, and 1600; M.P., Rutland, 1586, 1588, and 1693; knighted, 1686.
^ Baptist Noel, second Baron Noel of Ridlington and third Viscount Campden and Baron Hicks of Ilmington (1611-1682), son of Edward Noel, second Viscount Campden; knight of the shire for Rutland In both Short and Long parliaments; captain, and promoted colonel in the royal troops, 1643; taken prisoner, 1646; released, 1646; his estates sequestered, but his fine reduced from 19,568. to 11,078*. 17*.; lord-lieutenant of Rutland, 1660, and J.P., 1661.
^ Baptist Wriothesley Noel (1798–1873), divine; brother of Gerard Thomas Noel; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A n 1821; took orders and became evangelical minister of St. John's Chapel, Bedford Row, London: became a baptist, 1848; minister of John Street Baptist Chapel, London, 1849-68; published controversial pamphlets and devotional works.
^ Edward Noel , first Baron Noel of Ridlington and second Viscount Campde (1582-1643), son of Sir Andrew Noel; knighted when serving in the Irish wars, 1609; created baronet, 1611; master of the game in LyfleJd Forest, 1614; created Baron Noel of Ridlington, 1617; commissioner for collecting subsidies, 1624; suchis father-in-law as second Baron Hicks and Vis count Oampden, 1629: assisted the attempts to levy shipmoney, 16*6; one of the council of peers at York, 1639; raised a regiment of horse for Charles I.
^ Gerard Thomas Noel (1782–1851), divine; brother of Baptist Wriothesley Noel; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1808; vicar of Romsey, 1840, where he restored the abbey church; honorary canon of Winchester, 1834; published sermons and hymns.
^ Henry Noel (d. 1597), courtier; brother of Sir Andrew Noel; a gentleman-pensioner of Queen Elizabeth; admitted M.A. Oxford, 1592; notorious for his extraragance.
^ Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel (1834-1894), poet; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 8: groom of the privy chamber to Queen Victoria, 1867-71; published poetry and miscellaneous works; died at Mainz.
^ Thomas Noel (1799-1861), poet; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1824: corresponded with Miss Mitford; wrote the song, Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep and other verses.
^ William Noel (1695–1762), judge; barrister, the Inner Temple, 1721; MJ., Stamford, 1722-47, West Loot-, 1747-57: K.C., 1738; chief-justice of Chester, 1749; justice of the common pleas, 1767.
^ Henry Noel-Fearn (1811-1868). See Christmas.
^ James Noke or Nokes (d. 1692?), actor; became an actor, 1669; represented the Duke of NorSuThi 4 Henry VIII to Charles II admiration, c. 1663; acted the Nurse so succcessfully in Nevil Payne's Fatal Jealousy that he was known as Nurse Nokes.
^ Frederick Nolan (1784-1864), divine; studied Oxford (D.C.L., 1828) lecturer theological works and
^ Lewis Edward Nolan (1820?–1854), captain, 15th hussars, and writer on cavalry; entered the army, 1839; purchased his lieutenancy, 1841, and his troop, 1850; served in India, and at Balaclava, 1854, carried the order which, owing to a misunderstanding, resulted in the charge of the light brigade, and was shot while endeavouring to divert the brigade. He wrote onCavalry 1851, and Cavalry Horses 1861 (published posthumously).
^ Michael Nolan (d. 1827), legal author; barrister, Lincoln's Inn. 1792; M.P., Barnstaple, 1820-6: introduced Poor Law Reform bills, 1822-3-4; justice of Brecon, Glamorgan, and Radnor, 1824; wrote on poor laws and edited reports
^ Joseph Nollekens (1737–1823), sculptor ; son of Joseph Francis Nollekens; placed in the studio of Peter Scheemakere; gained three prizes for claymodelling: started for Rome, 1760; met Garrick and Sterne at Rome and executed busts of both; employed as an agent in the collection of antiques; subsequently speculated successfully on the Stock Exchange; returned to England, 1770; contributed to the Royal Academy, 1771-1816: R.A., 1772; married (1772) Mary, daughter of Sauuders Welch, a friend of Dr. Johnson, who seconded her husband's economies; became partially paralysed and sank into a state of senile imbecility during his later years. Besides busts of all the important people of the day, his work as sculptor of monuments was considerable, and his Veuuses were greatly admired.
^ Joseph Francis Nollekens (1702–1748), painter; commonly called Old Nollekens; born at Antwerp; studied under Watteau and Paniui, whose works he copied on coming to London, 1733; painted conversation pieces.
^ Non Fendigaid, i.e. the Blessed (fl. 550?), mother of St. David; was, according to Ricemarchus, a nun violated by Sant, king of Cardiganshire.
^ Hugh de Nonant (d. 1198), bishop of Lichfleld and Coventry, or Chester; brought up by his maternal uncle, Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, who gave him preferment; entered the service of Thomas Becket before 1164, but by 1170 became clerk and friend of Henry II; successfully carried out a mission to the pope, 1184, and was made bishop of Lichfield and Coventry or Chester, as it was then styled, 1185; sent on a second mission to the pope, 1186; abroad with Henry II, 1188; involved in a quarrel with his monks at Coventry; expelled his monks, 1190, who were, however, restored, 1198; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1189, though Archbishop Baldwin objected to a bishop holding such a post: continued to hold the post of sheriff in the interest of Earl John; one of Longchamp's opponents, writing an account of his fall; made his way to Germany during Richard I's captivity, 1193; retired to Normandy, and died at Bee.
^ John Noorthouck (1746?–1816), author; indexmaker and press-corrector: published History of London 1773, and An Historical and Classical Dictionary 1776.
^ Norbury, first Earl of (1745–1831). See John Toler.
^ Daniel Norcome (1676–1647?), musician; instrumentalist at Brussels; wrote a madrigal.
^ William Norcott (1770?–1820?), Irish satirist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1795; LL.D., 1806; called to the Irish bar, 1797; wrote poetical satires which appeared in Dublin after the union; given an appointment in Malta, c. 1815; fled from Malta and lived in destitution at Constantinople, becoming a. Mohammedan; recanted his Mohammedanism, and was captured while attempting to escape and beheaded.
^ Frederick Lewis Norden (1708–1742), traveller and artist; born at GlUckstadt; lieutenant in the Danish navy, 1732; sent to study shipbuilding in Holland, Italy, and Egypt; came to London, 1740: present at siege of Carthagena, 1741; F.R.S., 1741; published accounts of Egypt and Nubia; died at Paris.
^ John Norden (fl. 1600), devotional author; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1572; published devotional works.
^ John Norden (1548–1625?), topographer; the first to design a complete scries of county histories; prevented by pecuniary difficulties from currying B dedpj published Middlesex 1593, an.l HtfMdlhl 1598; (wished in iimnustTipt Eiwx, Northampton, inruwall, Kent, an. I Snrrcv; i;rvi-vor of crown wood.-*, 180U; surveyor tot he dnrhy of Cornwall, 10U5; Hiirvr,-,i Wimlnor and Mlghboarhood. lr.u7: published -,-,-. cerning Crown Land- and VixNln,* 1618; vnirravnt:i num. ber of maps, in which roads were indicate! for; time; one of hb maps depicts Loin Ion in Shakespeare's time
^ Earls of Norfolk 1 'Sw MMWIIRAY, TnnM*I first DUKK, 1366-1399; Mi.wi-.uiy. JOB*. -i-,-,,i,,i DtJKJL 1389-1432; MOWUKAY. J..HX, third DI:KK, 1415-1461; RICHARD, first DUKK of the second creatioii, 1472-1483; HOWARD, JOHN, first DUKK (of the Howanl line), 1430i1486; HOWARD, THOMAS, second DUKK, 1443-1524; HOWARD, THOMAS, third DUKK, 1473-1554; HOWARD, THOMAS, fourth DUKK, 1536-1572; HOWARD, II sixth DUKE, 1628-1684; HOWARD, Henry, rot-nth JJI-HK. 1656-1701; HOWARD, CHARLES, tenth DUKK, 1720-1786; HOWARD, OHARLKH, eleventh DUKE, 1746-1815; HOWARD, UKRNARU EDWARD, twelfth DUKK, 1766-1842; HOWARD HENRY CHARI.KS, thirteenth DUKE, 1791-1866: HOWARD, HENRY UHANVILLK FITZALAN-. fourteenth DUKK, 18151860.
^ Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk (1494–1558). See Elizabeth Howard.
^ Earls of Norfolk See GUADKII or WAI.KK, Ralph ft. 1070; Bicon, HUGH, first EARI., d. 1176 or 1177; BIOOD, ROGKR, second EARL,. 1221; BH;OI BoCUDL fourth HAKI.... 1270: BIUOD, ROOKR fifth EARL 1245-1306; THOMAS OF BROTHKRTOX, 1300-1338.
^ William Norford (1715–1793), medical writer; surgeon at Halesworth and Bury St. Edmunds; wrote on cancer, intestinal obstruction, and intermittent fevers.
^ Edward Norgate (d. 1650), illuminer and herald-painter; son of Robert Norgate; Blue-mantle pursuivant, 1616; illumined royal patents and wrote letters to foreign sovereigns: Windsor herald, 1633; clerk of the signet, 1638; attended Charles I to Scotland, 1639 and 1640; employed as an art connoisseur to purchase pictures.
^ Robert Norgate (d. 1587), master of 'corpus Christ! College, Cambridge: B.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1565; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; MA., 1568; D.D., 1581; master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1673-87, vice-chancellor, 1684; received preferment from Archbishop Parker, whose library he preserved for the college.
^ Thomas Starling Norgate (1772–1869), miscellaneous writer: entered at Lincoln's Inn; established ( 1830) the East Anglian (weekly newspaper),
^ Thomas Starling Norgate (1807–1893), translator; son of Thomas Starling Norgate ( 1772-1869) q. v.: B.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1832; rector of Sparham, 1840; published blank- verse translations of Homer.
^ John William Norie (1772–1843), writer on navigation; published naval books and charts. Navigation House the business in which he succeeded William Heather, is mentioned in Charles Dickens's Dombey and Son
^ George Warde Norman (1793–1882), writer on finance; merchant in the Norway timber trade till 1830; a director of the Bank of England, 1821-72; a member of the committee of the treasury at the bank, 1840: an exchequer bill commissioner, 1831-76; an original member of the Political Economy Club; wrote on currency and taxation.
^ John Norman (1491?–1553?), Cistercian; B.A. Cambridge, 1614; abbot of Bindon, c. 1523-38.
^ John Norman (1622–1669), presbyterian divine; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1641; presbyteriau vicar of Bridgwater, 1647; ejected, 1662; imprisoned for preaching; published Cases of Conscience practically resolved posthumous, 1673.
^ Robert Norman (fl. 1590), mathematical instrument maker; wrote on the compass.
^ Normanby, first Duke of (1648–1731). See John Sheffield.
^ Marquises of Normanby -.i -i . 8e8inarriKi ..,,..
^ Alphone René le Mire de Normandy (1809-1864), chemist; born at Rouen; studied medirii* 1 Inmself u, chemistry; patentee tor l33bk to tilling sea-water for drinking, wucn is still used; wrote on chemical analysis.
^ Simon Normannus (rf. 1J49). See Simon Cantelupe.
^ Thomas de Normanville (1256-1295), judge; governor of Bamborough Castle and king's escheator bryond the Trent, 1276; justice in eyre in Nottinghamshire and Lancashire, 1286; summoned to council at Westminster, 1288; held pleasde quo warranto 1391.
^ Antony Norris (1711–1786), antiquary; of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge: barrister, Middle Temple, 1735; compiled a history of the eastern part of Norfolk, and Norfolk pedigrees.
^ Catherine Maria Norris (d. 1767). See Fisher.
^ Charles Norris (1779–1858), artist; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; issued three numbers of Architectural Antiquities of Wales 1810-11, and An Historical Account of Tenby 1818, with plates by himself.
^ Sir Edward Norris (d. 1603), governor of Ostend; son of Sir Henry Norris, baron Norris of Rycote; lieutenant to Sir Philip Sidney in Holland; knighted at Utrecht by Leicester, 1586; quarrelled with Count Hohenlohe, 1586: deputy-governor of Ostend, 1588; accompanied Drake to Portugal, and wounded at Burgos, 1589; governor of Ostend, 1690-9; entertained Queen Elizabeth at Enelefleld,1601.
^ Edward Norris (1584–1659) New England divine; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1609: an uncompromising opponent of John Traske; went to America, 1639, and (1640) became pastor of Salem Church.
^ Edward Norris (1663–1726) physician; brother of Sir William Norrte, first baronet; M.A. Brasmo-v College, Oxfonl, 1689: M.D., 1696: F.RJ?., 1698; went to the Deccan with his brother, 1699; F.U.C.P., 1716.
^ Edwin Norris (1796–1872), orientalist and Cornish scholar; clerk to the East India Company, 1818-37: assistant-secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1837, and secretary, 1859; edited the society'sJournal; compiled grammars of eastern languages, and published "The Ancient Cornish Drama with a Cornish grammar, 1859: one of the earliest decipherers of cuneiform; produced an 'Assyrian Dictionary from Aleph to Nun, 1868-72.
^ Francis Norris, Earl of Berkshire (1579–1623), grandson of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; succeeded to the title, 1600: K.B., 1605; in attendance on the Earl of Nottingham in Spain, 1606; created Viscount Thume and Earl of Berkshire, 1621; imprisoned in the Fleet in consequence of an encounter with LordScropein the House of Lords, 1621: shot himself with a cross-bow from mortification. His descendants became Earls of Abingdon.
^ Sir Francis Norris (1609–1669), illegitimate son of Francis Norris, earl of Berkshire; knighted, 1633; sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1636; M.P., Oxfordshire, 1656 and 165a
^ Henry Norris (d. 1536), courtier ; came early to court; gentleman of the king's chamber; became a friend of Henry VIII, and received many grants and offices; adhered to Anne Boleyn; took part in the Greenwich tournament, 1536, after hich he was arrested on suspicion of an intrigue with Anne; found guilty and executed, though probably innocent.
^ Sir Henry Norris, first Baron Norris of Rycote (1525?–1601), son of Henry Norris (. 1636) q vV restored to much of his father's wnftMftted . V11I. and h.-ld office uiidi-r Edward VI; kl favour by Queen Elizabeth; LeritT of and Berkshire, 1661; entertained yueen Elizabeth at Rycote, 1666 and 1592; knighted and appointed mbaneninr to France, 1666; recalled, 1*70; orated Baron Norris of Rycote, 1672.
^ Henry Norris (1665-1730?), known as Jubilee Dicky; actor: played in Dublin, 1695; became known as Jubilee Dicky from hl remarkable success a* Dicky in the Constant Couple, or a Trip to the Jubilee at Drury Tpf, London, 1699; disqualified by his short stature for important part*,
^ Henry Handley Norris (1771–1880), theologian; graduated M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1806 (ad rMMdrm, Oxford, 1817): perpetual curate, subsequently rector, of St. John of Jerusalem at Hackney: prebendary of Mntvi-*, 1816; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1825; on the committee of the S.P.C.K., 1793-1834; wrote on and publislied devotional works.
^ Isaac Norris (1671–1735), mayor of Philadelphia; born in London: taken to Jamaica, 1678; settled in Philadelphia, 1690; elected to the Philadelphia council and awwnbly. 1708; speaker, 1712: J.P., 1717: mayor of Philadelphia, 1724.
^ Sir John Norris (1547?–1597), military commander; son of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; volunteer under Admiral Coligny, 1571; captain under Essex in Ireland, 1673: crossed to the Low Countries, 1577; distinguished himself at Rymenant, 1578, and Steenwyk, 1580; was made lord-president of Munster, 1584, but left his brother. Sir Thomas Norris, as deputy and again served in the Low Countries, 1585; knighted for his victory at Grave, 1586; the campaign rendered futile, 1586, by his dissensions with Leicester, who was in command: recalled to England; returned to Holland under Lord Willoughby, 1587, for a short time; assisted in preparations to resist the Armada, and acted as ambassador to the States-General, 1588; took command with Drake of the expedition to the coast of Spain, 1589; served in Brittany against the forces of the League, 1591 and 1593; returned to Ireland, 1595, to assist in reducing Tyrone; patched up a hollow peace at Dundalk. 1596, and made a futile effort to pacify Connaught; retired to Munster, his health failing, and died at Mallow.
^ John Norris (1667–1711), divine; of Winchester College and Exeter College, Oxford; B.A., 1680; M.A. ; fellow of All Souls, Oxford; incumbent of Newton St Loe. 1689; rector of Bemerton, 1692; published devotional works; entered into controversies with the quakers; chiefly remarkable as a solitary representative of Maiebranche's theories in England: principal work, Essay towards the Theory of an Ideal and Intelligible World (pt. i. 1701, pt. ii. 1704).
^ Sir John Norris (1660?–1749), admiral of the fleet; brother of Sir William Norris (1657-1702); was in 1689 lieutenant of the Edgar with Sir Clowdisley Shovell; commander. 1690, and posted, 1693; served with credit off Lagos, 1693; sent to Hudson's Bay, 1697; distinguished himself at Malaga, 1704, and Barcelona, 1705; knighted, 1705; rear-admiral of the blue, 1707; vice-admiral of the white, 1708; M.P., Rye, 1708-22 and 17341749, Portsmouth, 1722-34; admiral of the blue, 1709; oommander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, 1710-11 employed in the Baltic, 1716-27, at first to give effect to the treaty with Denmark, afterwards to secure the independence of Sweden: a lord of the admiralty, 1718-30 admiral and oommander-in-chief, 1734; commanded the Channel fleet, 1739-44.
^ John Norris 1734–1777), founder of the Norrisian professorship at Cambridge; of Eton and Caius College. Cambridge; B.A., 1760; contributed towards the educaUonof Rlchanl Ponon; founded by will a proiTVjT 1111 * at C * mbr * d K"! * theological prize emy; endowed small schools at Witton un.l Witching.
^ John Pilkington Norris (1823-1891), divine; of Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1849; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1848; inspector of schools, 1849-64: canon of Bristol, 1864; vicar of St. George's, Bristol, 1870, and of St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, 1877: held various offices in connection with the cathedral and a-.-ited in its restoration; wrote on theology and education.
^ Philip Norris (d. 1465), dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin; vicar ot St. Nicholas. Dundalk, 1427; entered University.College, Oxford; became proficient in learning and advocated the reform or suppression of mendicant i friars: bulls promulgated against him, 1440 and 1458, but not enforced; dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1457.
^ Robert Norris (d. 1791), African trader; brother of William Norris (1719-1791); visited the king of Dahomey, 1772, and published an account of him, 1789.
^ Roger Norris, Norreys, or Nories (d. 1223), abbot of Evesham; one of the monks of Christchurch, Canterbury, deputed to appeal to Henry II against Archbishop Baldwin, 1187, but acknowledged the archbishop's sway; consecrated abbot of Evesham, 1191, and in 1195 and 1198 hushed up complaints of the monks; pleaded Evesham's exemption from episcopal visitation at Rome, 1205; ordered to resign on charges of misconduct, 1213; made prior of Penworthum, 1213.
^ Sylvester Norris (1572–1630), Roman catholic controversialist; educated at Rheims and Rome; English missioner, 1596; banished, 1605: D.D.; professed of the four vows, 1618; superior of the Hampshire district, 1621; published controversial works.
^ Sir Thomas Norris (1656–1599), president of Munster; son of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; captain of a troop of horse in Ireland, 1579; served against Gerald Fitzgerald, fifteenth earl of Desmond, 1580; acted as governor of Conuaught, 1580-1; colonel of the forces in Munster, 1582: M.P., Limerick, 1585-6: appointed vice-president of Munster, 1585: unable to do much for the plantation of Munster; knighted, 1588; served under his brother, Sir John Norris , 1595-6, and succeeded him as president of Munster, 1597; relieved Kilmallock, 1598; died of a jaw wound received in a skirmish with Thomas Burke.
^ Thomas Norris (1653–1700), brother of Sir William Norris (1657-1702); M.P., Liverpool, 16881695; high sheriff of Lancashire, 1696.
^ Thomas Norris (1741 -1790), singer; chorister in Salisbury Cathedral; Mus. Bac. and organist of Christ Church and St. John's College, Oxford, 1765; sang at festivals.
^ Sir William Norris (1523–1591), of Fyfleld; M.P., Windsor. 1554-7: as herald declared war against Henri II of France, 1557: held various offices under Queen Elizabeth.
^ William Norris (1670?–1700?), composer; lay vicar of the choir of Lincoln Cathedral, 1686; steward o'f the choristers, 1693; left manuscript compositions.
^ Sir William Norms , first baronet (1667–1702), British envoy to India; brother of Thomas Norris (16531700); M.P., Liverpool, 1695-1701; created baronet, 1698; sent out as king's commissioner to obtain trading privileges from the mogul emperor for the new General Society or English Company, H task which was almost hopeless in face of the determined opposition of the old East India Company, and was further complicated by the English Company's representative at Surat, who offered to suppress piracy on the Indian Seas: finally received an audience of the emperor at Aurangzib, mar Panalla, but failed in his mission through being unable honestly to promise to suppress piracy; died on his return voyage and was buried at sea.
^ William Norris (1719–1791), secretary to the Society of Antiquaries: brother of Robert Norris; secretary S.A., 1759-86.
^ Brownlow North (1741–1820), bishop of Winchester; son of Francis North, first earl of Guilford : of Eton and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1762; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1763; M.A., 1766; D.C.L., 1770: canon of PhrNt Phnrh. Oxford, 1768; dean of Canterbury, 1770; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1771; translated to Worcester, 1771, and to Winchester, 1781; organised clerical charities and was generous to literary men; published sermons.
^ Brown North Low lsio-1876), lay preacher: grandson of Brownlow North (1741-lni'o) q. v trar of Winchester, 1817; became notorious for hi.irregular life; served with Don Pedro, 1832-3; ooim-rtcl by a sudden illness, 1854; couducted evangelical meetings, principally in Scotland.
^ Charles Napier North (1817–1889), colonel: entered the army, 1836; lieutenant, 1838: captain, 1H4H: major, 1857; served in the n-lu-t of Lucknow (medals and clasp); lieutenant-colonel, 1858; colonel, 1865: published aJournal 1858.
^ Christopher North (pseudonym). See John Wilson–1785–1854.
^ Francis North, fourth Earl of Guilford (1761-1817, son of Frederick North, second Earl of Guilford; entered the army, 1777; quitted it an lieutenant-colonel, 17 W; succeeded to the earldom, 1803: bin drama, the Kentish Baron produced, 1791
^ Frederick North, second Earl of Guilford, better known an L.Ki. N..KIH M732-1792), 000 of Francis North, first iitrl of (iuildford; of Ktou and Trinity Ct.luv.-. oxford:.M.A., 175*.; M.I. Banburj, 1754; junior lord of the treasury, 1759; retired, 1766: took a leading part against Wilke*: joint-paymaster of th- ten* 1766; privy -oun-illor, 1768; chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the Houw of Commons 1767; first lord of the treasury, 1770; met with considerable opposition, be himself being the agent of George III who entirely directed the policy of the ministry: K;.. 1 772; gained considerable reputation by bis earlier
^ Dudley North , third HAR..V NORTH (1581–1666), sou of Sir.John North; succeeded his grandfather as third baron, 1600; served in the Low Countries, 1602; discovered the springs at Tunbridge Wells, 1606; a conspicuous figure at court and in court entertainments: in opposition in the House of Lords, 1626; attended Charles I in his expedition to Scotland, 1639: took no part in the i f tl civil war, but was commissioner of the admiralty, 1645. and lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire; an accomplished musician; a collection of his essays published, 1667.
^ Dudley North , fourth Baron North (1602-1677), son of Dudley North, third baron North (1681-1666); K.B., 1616; volunteered for the relief of the palatinate, 1620; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1640-53; wrote on economic and religious subjects.
^ Sir Dudley North (1641–1691), financier and economist; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North ; apprenticed to a Turkey merchant; became agent at Smyrna and, in 1662, at Constantinople: realised a fortune and returned to England, 1680; sheriff of London and knighted, 1682; commissioner for the customs, 1683, and afterwards for the treasury; carried out reforms in both departments; wrote on Currency and advocated free-trade.
^ Dudley Long North (1748–1829), politician; great-grandson of Sir Dudley North q. v.; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1774; M.P., St. Germans, 1780-4, Great Grimsby, 1784-90 and 1793-6, Banbury, 1790-1812, Richmond, Yorkshire, 1812-18, Jedburgh boroughs, 1818-20; a prominent whig.
^ Dudleya North (1675–1712), granddaughter of Dudley North, fourth baron North: mastered Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and some eastern languages; bequeathed her collection of oriental literature to her uncle's parochial library at Rougham.
^ Edward North, first Baron North (1496?-1564), chancellor of the court of augmentations; of St. Paul's School, London, and Peterhouse, Cambridge; barrister; clerk of the parliament, 1531: treasurer of the court of augmentations and knighted, 1541; promoted to budgets, but lost popularity ax a financier through the ait terms of the 1781 loan: continued in office against his better judgment after the outbreak of war with America, but resigned, 1782: combined with Yo and overthrew Shell u rue's ministry, 1783; after the dl.solution of the coalition, which lasted only nine months, he acted with the opposition against Pitt; succeeded his .r-1 of G of Guilford, 1790.
^ Frederick North , fifth Earl of Guilford (1766-1827), philhellene; younger son of Frederick North, second earl of Guilford; educated mostly abroad and at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: travelled in Greece and entered the Greek church, 1791; created D.C.L., 1793; M.P., Banbury, 1792: comptroller of the customs in the port of London, 1794: governor of Ceylon, 1798-1805; improved Ceylon revenues and education; succeeded his brother as fifth earl, 1817: G.C.M.G., 1819; largely promoted the Ionian university at Corfu, and became first chancellor, 1824.
^ George North (d. 1580), translator; translated three books into English, two of which he dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton.
^ George North (1710–1772), numismatist; of St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A., 1744; vicar of Codicote, 1743; F.8JL, 1741; wrote and corresponded on English numismatics and antiquities.
^ George Augustus North , third Earl of Guilford (1757–1802), sou of Frederick North, second earl of Guilford: M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1777; M.P., Harwich, 1778-84, Wootton Basset, 1784-90, Petersfield, 1790, and Banbury, 1790-2; supported his father's ministry, and was his under- secretary, 1783: succeeded as earl, 1792.
^ Sir John North (1551?–1597), scholar and soldier; son of Roger North, second baron North; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 157S; travelled, 1576; fought in the Netherlands, 1579, 1585, and 1597; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1584, 1586, and 1587; died in Flanders. the chancellorship, 1545: privy councillor, 1546; resigned chancellorship under Edward VI: supported Queen Jane but was employed by Queen Mary: again privy councillor; created Baron North, 1554; his house twice visited by Queen Elizabeth, 1558 and 1561.
^ Francis North, first Baron Guilford (1637–1685), lord chancellor; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; barrister, Middle Temple, 1661; K.C., 1668; solicitor-general and knighted, 1671; M.P., King's Lynn, 1673; attorney-general, 1673; chief-justice of common pleas, 1675-82: greatly increased the popularity of that court; included in the government, 1679; lord chancellor, 1682, and created Baron Guilford, 1683: took part I in James II's coronation, 1685; a patron of art, music,; and science.
^ Francis North , first EARL OP GuiLFtwn (1704–1790), grandson of Francis North, first Baron Guilford ; M.P., Banbury, 1727: succeeded his father as third baron, 1729, and his kinsman William North, baron North and Grey, as seventh Baron North of KirtHng, 1734: held court appointments; created Earl of Guilford, 1753; treasurer to Queen Charlotte, 1773.
^ John North (1645–1683), professor of Greek and master of Trinity College, Cambridge; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1666; preached before Charles II at Newmarket, 1668; migrated to Trinity College, Cambridge, attracted by Isaac Barrow and Newton; professor of Greek, 1672; clerk of the closet and prebendary of Westminster, 1673; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1577-83.
^ Marianne North (1830–1890), flower-painter; took painting-lessons from Valentine Bartholomew: travelled in Syria and Egypt, 1866, with her father, and after his death travelled all round the world, painting the flora: presented her paintings to Kew Gardens, building the gallery for them at her own expense (opened, 1882).
^ Roger North , second Baron North (1580–1600), son of Edward North, first baron North; appeared early at court: M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1555, 1558, and 1563: K.H., 1559; succeeded his father as second Baron North. 1664; alderman and free burgess of Cambridge, ! 1568; went as joint-ambassador to Vicuna, 1*68; appointed lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, 1569, and high steward of Cambridge, 1673; sent as ambassador to Henri III on his accession, 1574: visited izabeth at Kirtlinir, 167H; intimate with rr and acoompaniai him to Holland,! 685, win-re he JTit 1. retnrnel, 1588, to prepare gainst Spanish invasion: treasurer of d and privy councillor, 1696: keeper of rt Kltham mA Home, 1597.
^ Roger North (15857-1651?), colonial projector; on of Sir John North; accompanied Ralegh on his last voyage to Guiana, 1617; went up the Orinoco, and assisted in routing the Spaniards settled there; forced to return by the disaffection of soldiers and Milon -broke the tidings to James I: his petition for the right to plant and trade on the Amazon (1619) opposed by Gondomar; finally sailed without permission and made a successful voyage, but was imprisoned for six BSb. oThte retSUsi; obtained letters patent to plant Guiana, 1617; returned to England, 1632.
^ Roger North (1653–1734), lawyer and historian; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; entered Jesus College, Cambridge, 1667; barrister, Middle Temple, 1675; steward to the see of Canterbury, 1678; K.C., 168*; solicitor-general to the Duke of York, 1684; attorney-general to James II's queen, 1688; M.P., Dunwich, 1686; quitted political life at the revolution; a nonjuror; executor to Sir Peter Lely and bis brothers; his Meraotrw of Musick edited by Rimbault, 1846; his Apology for Charles II and a Vindication of his brother Francis, in reply to White Kennett, published, 1742, and his Lives of Sir Dudley North and Dr. John North, 1744; a complete edition, with his autobiography and some correspondence,
^ Thomas North (1523?–1601?), translator; son of Edward North, first baron North; perhaps studied at Peterbouse, Cambridge: entered Lincoln's Inn, 15*7; accompanied his brother to Prance, 1574; knighted, 1691; J.P. for Cambridgeshire, 1692; pensioned by Queen Elizabeth, 1601: translated Marcus Aurelius from French and Spanish editions, 1557, The Morall Philosophic of Doni from Italian, 1570, and Plutarch's Lives from the French of Amyot, 1579, to which he made additions from other authors, 1595. His Plutarch formed Shakespeare's chief storehouse of classical learning, and exerted a powerful influence on Elizabethan prose.
^ Thomas North (1830–1884), antiquary and campanologist; employed in a bank at Leicester; F.S.A., 1876; secretary of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, and edited its Transactions; wrote on the church of St. Martin, Leicester, 1866, and the church bells of various counties.
^ William Worth , sixth Baron North (1678–1734), grandson of Dudley North, fourth baron North; succeeded his father as sixth baron, 1690: left Magdalene College, Cambridge, for Foubert's military academy, London, 1694; commissioned as captain, 1702; colonel, 1703; lost his right arm at Blenheim, 1704; brigadiergeneral, 1706; lieutenant-general, 1710; lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, 1711: privy councillor and governor of Portsmouth, 1711: defended the Pretender in the Lords, 1713; committed to the Tower of London for complicity in Atterbury's plot, 1722, but admitted to bail; travelled abroad; died at Madrid.
^ Richard Northalis (d. 1397), archbishop of Dublin: a Carmelite friar; became bishop of Ossory, 1386: was absent on Richard II's business, 1387, 1389, and 1191: lord chancellor of Ireland, 1393; translated to the archbishopric of Dublin, 1396.
^ John Northall (1723?-1769), captain in the royal artillery; entered the service, 1741; lieutenant, 1741; captain-lieutenant, 1752; captain, 1755; hisTravels through Italy published, 1766.
^ William of Northall (d. 1190), bishop of Worcester; canon of St. Paul's, London; archdeacon of Gloucester, 1177; had custody of the temporalities of the see of Rochester, 1184, and Worcester, 1185; bishop of Worcester, 1188; negotiated with the monks of Canterbury in their dispute with Archbishop Baldwin, 1187.
^ Marquises of Northampton. See PARK, William flnt MARQUIS, 1*13-1671; OOMPTON, SI-KN. KK Alwyne Joshua , second MARQUIS of the second creation, 1790-1861.
^ Earls of Northampton . See SENLIS, SIMON DK, d. 1109; SKNLIS, SIMON DE, d. 1153; BOHUN, WILLIAM DK, d. 1360: HOWARD, HENRY, 1540-1614; COMPTON, SPENCER, 1601-1643.
^ Henry de Northampton or Fitzpeter (fl. 1189-1207), judge; an officer of the exchequer and a canon of St. Paul's; justice itinerant, 1189; king's justice at Westminster and in the country, 1202; joined the baronial party.
^ John de Northampton or Comberton (fl. 1376-1390), lord mayor of London; prominent member of the DrapersCompany; alderman, 1376; sheriff, 1377; member for the city, 1378; mayor, 1381: head of John of Oaunt's party; sought the favour of the populace at the expense of the greater companies; reduced the price of fish under violent opposition; his decision reversed by his successor and himself arrested on a charge of sedition; condemned to be hanged, but bis sentence commuted; released, 1387, but not restored to his former position till 1390.
^ Northbrook, first Baron (1796-1866). See Sir Francis Thornhill Baring.
^ John Northbrooke (fl. 1568–1579), preacher and writer against plays; preached at St. Mary de Redcliffe, Bristol, 1568; procurator for the Bristol clergy in the synod at London, 1571; published theological works and in Spiritus est Vicarius Christi in Terra 1579, made the earliest attack upon dramatic performances.
^ Michael de Northburgh (d. 1361), bishop of London; entered the royal service and received considerable preferment; went on a mission to the pope, 1346; accompanied Edward III on his French expedition, 1346; commissioner to negotiate alliances with foreign powers, 1346; when secretary to Edward III frequently treated, with France: elected bishop of London, 1354; conducted negotiations for peace with France, 1354 and 1355; died of plague; left bequests for students of civil and canon law at Oxford and the Carthusian house at Newchurchbaw..
^ Roger de Northburgh (d. 1369?), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry: educated at Cambridge; a royal clerk in 1310, and royal messenger: comptroller of the wardrobe, 1315; held temporary charge of the great seal, 1321, and was papally provided to the bishopric of Lichfield and Coventry, 1322; swore to support Queen Isabella, January 1327; treasurer for three months, 1328, and occasionally employed in public business; again treasurer for a short time, 1340.
^ James Northcote (1746–1831), painter and author; apprenticed as a watchmaker at Plymouth: spent his leisure in drawing and painting; came to London, 1771; worked as an assistant in the studio of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and studied in the Royal Academy schools; travelled in Italy, 1777-80; regularly contributed j portraits to the Royal Academy; R.A., 1787; commissioned by Boydell to paint nine pictures for his Shakespeare gallery, 1786; attained his chief excellence as a portrait-painter; published a Memoir of Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1813,One Hundred Fables(illustrated by himself), 1828, and aLife of Titian 1830; William Hazlitt published some of his Conversations 1830.
^ Sir John Northcote, first baronet (1599–1676), politician; matriculated from Exeter College, Oxford, 1617; entered at the Inner Temple, 1618: was sheriff of Devonshire, 1626-7: created baronet, 1641; M.P., Ashburton, 1641; acted with the presbyterians and aided the parliamentary cause by his influence and wealth: taken prisoner by the royalists, 1643; released, 1645: excluded from parliament, 1648-54; sat for Barnstaple, 1667-76. His Note Book was published, 1887.
^ Sih Stafford Henry Northcote, first Earl of Iddesleigh (1818-1887); educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1840; D.O.L., 1863; barrister, Inner Temple, 1847; private secretary to William Kv;irt Gladstone, 1842; assisted William Ewart Gladstone in his Oxford elections of 1847, 1852, and 1853; succceeded 1 his grandfather as eighth baronet, 1851; C.B., 1851; conserrative M.P., Dudley, 1885, Stamford, 1858; became a recognised opposition speaker ami was greatly in Disraeli's confidence; appointed president of the board of tr.i'le, 1K66, and secretary for India, 1867; M.P. for North Devon, 1866; governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1869-74: commissioner for the settlement of the Alabama claim-, 1871; chancellor of the exchequer, 1H74-80: pointed out that the income tax had lost Its temporary c and increased exemptions by which he eased pressure of the tax on smaller incomes; made a serious attempt, by an annual sinking fund, to reduce the national debt; leader of the bouse, 1876, and much hampered by parliamentary obstruction; leader of the opposition to Gladstone's government in the House of Commons, 1880-6, and defeated the ministry on the Affirmation Bill, 1883, but assisted in the compromise on the Franchise Bill, 1884; created Earl of Iddebleigh and Viscount St. Gyres, 1885; became foreign secretary, 1886, but resigned six mouths later, dying suddenly on the day of his resignation. He published A Short Review of the Navigation Laws 1849,Twenty Years of Financial Policy 1862, and (for the lloxburghe Club) The Triumphes of Petrarch 1887.
^ William Northcote (d. 1783?), naval surgeon; passed at the SurgeonsCompany as second mate, 1757; first mate, 1759; surgeon, 1771; published medical works for naval surgeons, devoting special attention to tropical diseases.
^ Northesk, seventh Earl of (1758–1831). See William Carnegie.
^ Sir Edward Northey (1652–1723), attorney-general; of St. Paul's School, London, and Queen's College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1674: attorney-general, 17U1-7 and 1710-18; knighted, 1702; M.P., Tiverton, 1710.
^ Earls Ok Northington . See HENLEY, ROBERT, first EARL, 1708 ?-1772; 1 1 KM.KY, ROBERT, second EARL, 1747-1786.
^ John Northleigh (1657–1705), physician; B.C.L. Exeter College, Oxford, 1681; student, Middle Temple, 1682; incorporated LL.B. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1682; subsequently fellow of King's College, Cambridge; LL.D., 1687; M.D.; practised medicine at Exeter; wrote in defence of James II and on polemical theology.
^ Thomas Northmore (1766–1851), miscellaneous writer and inventor; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1792; F.S.A., 1791; divided his time between mechanics, literature, and science; discovered the ossiferous nature of Kent's cavern at Torquay, 1824.
^ Dukes of Northumberland . See DUDLEY John first DUKK, 1502?-1553; FITZROY, GEORGE, first Duke of the second creation, 1665–1716 ; PERCY, HUGH, first DUKE of the third creation, 1715-1786; PERCY, HUGH, second DUKE, 1742-1817; PERCY, HUGH, third DUKE, 1785-1847; PERCY, ALGERNON, fourth DUKE, 17921865.
^ Northumberland titular Duke of (1573–1649). See Robert Dudley.
^ Earls of Northumberland . See MORCAR, fl. 1066; COPSI, d. 1067; GOSPATRIC, fl. 1067; COMIV, ROBERT DE, d. 1069; WALTHKOF, d. 1076; WALCHKH, d. 1080; MOWBRAY, ROBERT DE, d. 1125 ?: PUIBET or PUDSEY, HUGH PR, 1125?-! 195; PERCY, HENRY, first EARL of the Percy family, 1342-1408; PERCY, HENRY, second EARL, 1394-1455; PKRCY, HENRY, third EARL, 1421-1461; NEVILLE, JOHN, rf. 1471; PERCY, HENRY, fourth EARL, 1446-1489; PERCY, HENRY ALGERNON, fifth EARL, 1478-1527; PERCY, HENRY ALGERNON, sixth EARL, ixrj V-1537; PERCY, THOMAS, seventh EARL, 1528-1572; 1'KiicY, HENRY, eighth EARL, 1532V-1585; PERCY, HKNHY, ninth EARL, 1564-1632; PERCY, ALGERNON, tenth EARL, 1602-1668.
^ Kings of The Northumbrians . See ETHELFrid d. 617; EDWIN, 585?-633 : OSWALD, 605?–642; Oswy 612?-670 ; ALDFRITH, d. 706 : OSRED, 697?–716 Okric d. 729 ; OSWULF, d. 758 ; OBOLWOLf, d. 764 Eadbert d. 768 ; OSRED, d. 792 ; EARDWULF, d. 810 Osberht d. 867 ; JELLA, d. 867.
^ William de Northwell or Norwell (d. 1363), baron of the exchequer; clerk of the kitchen, 1313; received preferment, including a prebend of Southwell; keeper of Edward Ill's wi 1340, but soon reappointed; baron of th short time, 1340; kept the accounts during the Crecy
^ Hugh of Northwold (d. 1254), bishop of Ely; a monk of the Benedictine Abbey..f Bury M. frlm re-elected abbot, 1213, in opposition to t the abbey; after a long sertea of complicate King John's assent, 121 6; itinerant justice for Norfolk, 11-J7: bi-hop of Kly, 1220-N; escorted Eleanor of Provence to England, 1236; attended parliament. 1248; offended Henry III by refusing the benefice of Dereham to Henry's lialf-bn)ther; present at the confirmation of Magna Charta, 1253.
^ John de Northwood (rf. 1817), son of John de Northwood, baron Northwood; died before nil father, leaving six sons, the eldest, Roger, succeeding bis randfatluT in the barony.
^ John de Northwood or Northwode, Baron Northwood (1254–1319), succeeded his father, 1285; served constantly in official capacities for Kent: served in the French war, 1294, in Flaixlers, 1297, and in Scotland, 1298, 1309, 1311, 1314, and 1318; summoned to parliament as a baron, 1313.
^ Roger de Northwood or Northwode (d. 1285), baron of the exchequer; employed in the exchequer; warden of the Cinque porte, 1257; baron of the exchequer before 1274; acted on various judicial commlssions.
^ Bonham Norton (1565–1635), printer, son of William Norton; became n freeman of the Stationers Company and held various offices in the company; king's printer; served as sheriff of Shropshire, 1611.
^ Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Norton, known as the Hon. Mrs. Norton, afterwards Lady Stirling-Maxwell (1808-1877), poetess; daughter of Thomas Sheridan (1775-1817); distinguished for her beauty and wit; married the Hon. George Chappie Norton, 1827: definitely entered upon a literary career, her husband having no independent means and only a small legal appointment; published The Sorrows of Rosalie with other Poems 1829, which was enthusiastically received; became a popular writer in periodicals; published The Undying One 1830, and The Dream 1840: attacked social conditions in A Voice from the Factories 1836, and The Child of the Islands 1845: her best poem, The Lady of La Garaye 1862; wrote also three novels, Stuart of Dunleath 1851,Lost and Saved 1863, andOld Sir 1 Douglas 1867. Mrs. Norton led an unhappy life with ) her husband, from whom she separated in 1836; a crirn. con. action was unsuccessfully brought against Lord Mel bourne by her husband, but the evidence was so niani : festly weak that the trial was considered by some as a political attempt to discredit him. In 1853 she eudca , voured to obtain legal protection from her husband, and ! her pamphlets on the custody of offspring and female earnings contributed to the amelioration of the laws affecting the social condition of women. In 1877 she married Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, her first husband having died in 1875.
^ Chapple Norton (1746–1818), general; son of Fletcher Norton, first baron Giautley; captain of the 19th foot, 1763; distinguished himself in America, 1780; general, 1802; M.P., Guildford, 1784-1812.
^ Christian Norton (fl. 1740–1760), engraver; studied under Pierre Charles Canot at Paris, and accompanied him to England.
^ Fletcher Norton , first Baron Grantley (1716-1789), barrister. Middle Temple, 1739 K.C., 1764: M.P., Appleby, 1756, Wigau, 1761: solicitor-geuenil, 1762; knighted, 1762; attorney-general, 1763, but dismissed on the formation of the Buckingham administration, 1765; M.P., Guildford, 1768; elected speaker of the House of Commons, 1770; supported Burke in carrying the EsU bliphment Bill (civil list expenditure), 1780: not re-elected speaker, 1780: created Baron Grantley of Markenfleld, 1782. He was usually nicknamed Sir Bull-face Doable Peein satires and caricatures, and was attacked by Juuius in Letter 39.
^ Lady Frances Norton (1640–1731), authoress; nee Freke; married, first. Sir George Norton, 1671, Colonel Ambrose Norton, a cousin of her first , 1718, and, thirdly. William Jones, 1724; she The Applause of Virtue 1705.
^ Humphrey Norton (fl. 1658–1659), quaker; London agent for the assistance of Friends, 1655-6: preached in Ireland and was arrested at Galway and at Wexford, 1666: went to Boston, 1657; arrested and banished from Rhode island, 1667; again arrested at Newhaven and branded with H at Plymouth and again at Boston: imprisoned, 1668; went to Barbados, 1659, and wrote an account of his sufferings, New England's Ensigne 1659.
^ John Norton (fl. 1485), sixth prior of the Carthusian monastery of Mountgrace; wrote three works, still extant in Lincoln Cathedral MS., De Musica Monachorum, Thesaurus cordium amautlum and Devota Lamentacio.
^ Sir John Norton (d. 1534), soldier; served under Poynings in Guelderlaud; knighted, 1511; sheriff of Kent, 1622, of Yorkshire, 1614; knight of the body to Henry VIII; in France, 1514 and 1632.
^ John Norton (d. 1612), printer; nephew of William Norton; printed Gerard's Herbal 1597; became printer of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew to Queen Elizabeth; printed SavUe's edition of the Greek text of OhrysoBtoni's works, 1610-12: master of the Stationers Company, bequeathing it 1,000*.
^ John Norton (1606–1663), divine; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1627; landed in New England, 1635, and was called to Ipswich; wrote Respousio ad totem syllogen (the first Latin book composed in colonies), 1648; helped to draw up thePlatform of Church Disciplineat the Cambridge synod, 1646; 'called to Boston 1662; instigated the persecution of the qtiakcrs; went to England to obtain a confirmation of the Boston charter, 1662; published Calviuistic works. c. 1483; commissioner to inquire into the exportation of wool, 1486; constable of Flint Castle, 1495: chamberlain of North Wales, 15U9; served in France as surveyor of the ordnance; marshal of Tournay, 1515; chamberlain of the exchequer, 1516.
^ Samuel Norton (1548–1604?), alchemist; studied at St. John's College, Cambridge; J.P. and sheriff of Somerset, 1589; muster-master of Somerset and Wiltshire, 1604; wrote several alchemistic tracts, which were edited and published in Latin by Edmund Deane at Frankfort, 1630.
^ Thomas Norton (Jl. 1477), alchemist; M.P., Bristol, 1436; member of Edward IV's privy chamber and employed on embassies; studied alchemy under George Ripley, and wrote chemical tracts in ! English verse. His Ordinal of Alchemy was several times published. ul pn
^ John Norton (. 1674), a youthful prodigy; made a paraphrase translation of Marcus Antonius Flaminius (published as The Scholar's Vade Mecum 1674).
^ John Bruce Norton (1815–1883), advocate-general at Madras; of Harrow and Mertou College, Oxford; B.A., 1838; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1841; sheriff of Madras, 1843-5; clerk of the crown in the supreme court, 1845-62: advocate-general, 1863-71; returned to England and was first lecturer on Indian law at the Temple, 1873; wrote on Indian law and administration,
^ Matthew Thomas Norton (1732–1800), Dominican; professed as a Dominican, 1754; English missioner, 1759; elected prior of Bornhem, 1767; appointed vicar- provincial of Belgium, 1774-8; returned to England, 1780; won three medals at Brussels for dissertations on agriculture.
^ Richard Norton (d. 1420), chief-justice of the court of common pleas; serjeant-at-law before 1403; justice of assize for the county palatine of Durham; chief-justice of the court of common pleas, 1413; trier of petitions in parliament, 1414-20.
^ Richard Norton (1488?–1588), rebel; took part in the Pilgrimage of Grace, but was pardoned; one of the council of the north, 1545 and 1556; governor of Norham Castle, 1555-7: sheriff of Yorkshire, 1568; joined the rebellion of 1569; his estates confiscated and himself attainted; fled to Flanders and was pensioned by Philip of Spain; known as Old Norton; died abroad.
^ Robert Norton (1540?–1587, divine; M.A., Caius College, Cambridge, 1563; B.D., 1570; vicar of Aldborough, 1572; preacher in Ipswich, 1576-86; translated Rodolph Gualter's sermons, 1573.
^ Robert Norton (d. 1636), engineer and gunner; son of Thomas Norton (1532-1684); entered the royal service; sent as engineer to Plymouth, 1627; onginer of the Tower of London, 1627; wrote on mathematics and artillery, and translated Camden's Annals of Elizabeth 1630.
^ Sir Sampson Norton (d. 1517), surveyor of the ordnance and marshal of Touruay; knighted in Brittany,
^ Thomas Norton (1532–1584), lawyer and poet; admitted to the Grocers Company; entered the service of Protector Somerset as amanuensis; admitted at the Inner Temple, 1565; M.P., Galton, 1558, Berwick, 1562, and London, 1571, 1572, and 1580; created M.A. Cambridge, 1570; appointed remembrancer of the city of London, 1571; in parliament strongly supported all active measures against the Roman catholics, and in 1579 went to Itorne to procure information against them; kept diary (still extant) of his journey; became an official censor of Queen Elizabeth's Roman catholic subjects, 1681, and conducted the examination of many Uoman catholic prisoners under torture; involved through his dissatisfaction with episcopacy in a charge of treason, and committed to the Tower of London for a short time, 1584. He devoted much time to literature, and in early life his sonnets and verses attracted attention. Among his translations were Calvin's 'Institutions ol the Christian religion 1559, and Nowell's Middle Catechism 1570; but he owes his place in literature to his joint-authorship with Sackville of the earliest tragedy in English and in blank verse, The Tragedie of Gorboduc of which he wrote three acts.Gorboduc was performed on Twelfth Night at the Inner Temple, 1561. A corrupt edition of the play was published, 1565, and an authorised version, undated, a few years later.
^ William de Norton (fl. 1346–1363). See Notton.
^ William Norton (1527–1593), printer and publisher; an original freeman of the Stationers Company, 1555; filled various offices; published Guicciardini's Historie 1579, two editions of Horace, 1574 and 1585, and the Bishops Bible 1575.
^ William de Norwell (d. 1363). See Northwell.
^ Norwich, first Earl of the second creation (1583?–1663). See George Goring.
^ John de Norwich, Baron Norwich (d. 1362), son of Sir Walter de Norwich; admiral of the fleet north of the Thames. 1336; went to France, 1838; summoned to parliament as a baron, 1342; served in France, 1344, and specially distinguished himself there, 1346; founded a chantry of eight priests and a warden at Raveningham, 1350.
^ Ralph de Norwich (fl. 1256), chancellor of Irelaud; acted frequently as king's messenger, 1216-21; employed on exchequer business in Ireland. 1218 and 1221; received considerable ecclesiastical preferment; notice of the king's bench, 1229; chancellor of Ireland, 1249: resigned chancellorship, 1256: his election as archbishop of Dublin (1256) quashed by the pope.
^ Robert Norwich (d. 1535), judge; member of Lincoln's Inn, 1503, reader, 1518, and subsequently governor; sat on various commissions; king's serjeant, 1623; justice of common pleas, 1530; chief-justice, 1531.
^ Sir Walter de Norwich (d. 1329), chief baron of the exchequer; remembrancer by 1308; appointed a baron of the exchequer, 1311: chief baron, 1312; resigned his office of chief baron, 1314, on being appointed treasurer; resigned treasurership, 1317, and probably rctimm! to the exchequer; keeper of the treasury, 1321: reappointed chief baron, 1327.
^ William of Norwich (1298?–1329). See Bateman.
^ Hugh of Norwold (d. 1254). See Northwold.
^ Richard Norwood (1590?–1675), teacher of mathematics and surveyor; surveyed the islands of Bermuda for the Bermuda Company, 1618; taught mathematics in London and measured the distance between London and York, 1633-5: calculated the length of a degree of the meridian; returned to Bermuda, where he died; wrote on mathematics.
^ George Norwych (d. 1469), abbot of Westminster; succeeded Abbot Keyton, 1462; mismanaged affairs and (1467) had to resign the management to the prior, he himself receiving a pen-ion.
^ Julian Notary (fl. 1498–1520) printer; produced missal for Wynkyn de Worde, 1498; his best-known production is the fifth edition of The Kalender of Shepardes c. 1518.
^ Nothelm (d. 739), tenth archbishop of Canterbury; supplied Bede with information for hisEcclesiastical History visited Rome; consecrated archbishop, 785; held a synod, c. 736.
^ George Frederick Nott (1767–1841), divine and author; nephew of John Kott; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1788; fellow of All Souls, Oxford: M.A., 1792; D.D., 1807; Hampton lecturer, 1802; prebendary of Winchester, 1810, of Salisbury, 1814; produced an exhaustive edition of the works of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt the elder, 1815-16, containing biographies.
^ John Nott (1751–1865), physician and classical scholar; studied at London and Paris; surgeon in an East India vessel sailing to China, 1783; went as travelling physician on the continent, 1789-93; settled at Bristol; wrote on medicine; translated Catullus, 1794, Propertius, 1782, the Basia of Joannes Secundus Nicolaius 1775, and Petrarch's sonnets and odes, 1777; wrote original poems and tales; edited Dekker's Gulls Hornbook 1812.
^ Sir Thomas Nott (1606–1681), royalist; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1628; knighted, 1639; in constant attendance on Charles I during the civil war; gentleman usher, 1660.
^ Sir William Nott (1782–1845), major-general; commander of the army of Kandahar; obtained a Bengal cadetship, 1800; lieutenant, 1801; distinguished himself at Moko, 1804; captain, 1814; major, 1823; lieutenantcolonel, 1824; colonel, 1829; promoted major-general, 1838, on the outbreak of the Afghan war, and given command of the second brigade, first division, at Quetta, 1839; successfully defeated the Ghilzais and destroyed their forte, while the enemy evacuated Kalat on his approach, 1840; made commander of all troops in Lower Afghanistan and Sindh, 1842; repulsed the chiefs near Kandahar, January and June, 1842; on receiving orders to withdraw from Afghanistan, sent General England by Quetta and Sakhar, while he himself arranged to meet General Pollock at Kabul; completely defeated the enemy near Ghazni, which he entered without opposition, 1842; after a series of successful engagements joined Pollock at Kabul; appointed resident at the court of Lucknow; G.O.B., 1843.
^ Earls of Nottingham . See MOWBRAT, THOMAS, first EARL of the second creation, 1366V-1399; HOWARD, CHARLES, first EARL of the sixth creation, 1536-1624; FINCH, HENEAQE, first EARL of the seventh creation, 16211682; FINCH, DANIEL, second EARL, 1647-1730; FINCHHATTON, GEORGE WILLIAM, fifth EARL, 1791-1858.
^ William of Nottingham (c. 1261), Franciscan; elected fourth provincial minister, 1240; went to Rome, 1244, and obtained a letter restraining the Dominicans; wrote a commentary on the gospels; died at Genoa of the plague.
^ William de Notton or Norton(fl. 1346-1361), judge; king's Serjeant by 1346; judge of the king's bench, 1365; excommunicated, 1358; judge of assize, 1361; chief-justice in Ireland, 1361.
^ Edward Nourse (1701–1761), surgeon; received uia diploma from the Barber-SurgeonsCompany, 1725; assistant-surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1731, surgeon, 1746;.lenioiwtrator of unatora;. tinBarber-Suiyeons, 1731-1; published lectures.
^ Timothy Nourse (d. 1699), miscellaneous writer; fellow of University College. Oxford, 1659: M.A., 1MO; became a Roman catholic, 1672; twqiu-uthed hU collection of coins to the Bodleian Library; wrote on religion, husbandry, and various other subjects.
^ Vincent Novello (1781–1861), organist, musical composer, editor, aud arranger; born in London; hi* father an Italian; at school for a time in France; chorister at the Sardinian embassy chapel, London, 1798; organist at the Portuguese embassy chapel, 1797 till 1821; arranged two volume* of sacred music (18111 which proved the foundation of the publishing bouse of Novello 4 Co.; original member (1813) aud subsequently coniluctor of the Philharmonic Society; examined and reported on the musical manuscripts in the Fitzwilliam Museum atCambridge, 1824; organist at the Westminster Abbey festival, 1834; organist of the Roman catholic chapel at Moornelds, 1840-3; went to Nice, 1860, where he subsequently died.
^ Alexander Nowell, Nowel, or Noel (1507?-1602), dean of St. Paul's; elder brother of Laurence Nowell; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1526; M.A., 1540; master of Westminster School, 1543; prebendary of Westminster Abbey, 1551; during Queen Mary's reign resided* principally at Frankfort; archdeacon ol Middlesex, 155.S; dean of St. Paul's, London, 1560; did much for the restoration of the reformed religion; prolocutor of the lower house of convocation, and presented a catechism for its approval; attended the Duku of Norfolk at his execution, 1572; sat on ecclesiastical commissions, 1573, 1576, and 1590: successful in making converts from Romanism; twice visited Lancashire, 1 preaching, 1570 and 1580; appointed to hold conferences with papists, 1582; elected principal of Braseuose College, Oxford, 1595, but resigned it three months later; loyally complied with Queen Elizabeth's ecclesiastical settlement, though inclined to Calvinism; a liberal benefactor of Middleton School and Braseuose College. Apart from his controversial and theological works, Nowell was the author of three catechisms, the Large Catechism which he sent to Cecil, 1563, theMiddle Catechism and theSmall Catechism which is practically that of the Book of Common Prayer. The three were written by Nowell in Latin and translated into Greek by William Whitaker and into English by Thomas Norton.
^ Increase Nowell (1590–1655), New England settler; arrived in America, 1630; commissioner ol military affairs, 1634; secretary of Massachusetts colony, 1644-9; a founder of the church in Charlestown.
^ Laurence Nowell or Nowel (d. 1576), dean of Lichfield; brother of Alexander Nowell; matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford, but migrated to Cambridge to study logic; B.A., 1542 (incorporated at Oxford, 1542); M.A., 1544; master of Sutton Coldfield grammar school, 1546; went abroad during Queen Mary's reign, but received preferment under Elizabeth; dean of Lichfield, 1660. He was a diligent antiquary aud left manuscripts on Anglo-Saxon.
^ Ralph Nowell (d. 1144?). See Ralph.
^ Samuel Nowell (1634 - 1688), New England settler; son of Increase Nowell; distinguished himself in Philip's war; assistant of the colony of Massachusetts, 1680, and treasurer, 1685.
^ Thomas Nowell (1730–1801), divine ; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1753; fellow, 1753; principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1764-1801; regius professor of modern history, 1771-1801; public orator, 1760-76; criticised for some expressions in his sermon on Charles I preached i before the House of Commons, 1772.
^ Francis Nower or Nowers (d. 1670), herald-painter; edited Guillim's Display of Heraldry 1660; perished in a fire at his house.
^ William Noye or Noy (1677–1634), attorneygeneral; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1602; autumn reader, 1622; bencher from 1618; treasurer, 1632; represented various boroughs in Cornwall from 1604; led the attack on monopolies, 1621; attorney-general, 1631; revised the Declaration of Sports 1633: prosecuted William Prynne in the Star Chamber, 1634; incurred much popular odium hy hi revival of the foreat laws, the soap monopoly, ami tinwrit of.hip-money: satirised inA I'n.u-rtor l:it-ly Dead 16S4. He wrote on the Kk'hta of the Crown tbetenure of property, and reports of cases.
^ Thomas Nuce (d. 1617), translator ; fellow of Pembroke HalL Cambridge, 1562: prebendary of Kly, SS: UmmStad Seneca Qctavia 1661.
^ Baron Nugent (1788–1860). See George Nugent Grenville.
^ Sir Charles Edmund Nugent (1769?–1844), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1771; commander, 1778- posted, 1779; rear-admiral, 1797; vice-admiral, 1801: admiral, 1808; admiral of the fleet, 1833; G.C.H., 1834.
^ Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth Baron Delvin (1544–1602), succeeded to the title, 1559; fellow-commoner of Clare Hall, Cambridge: went to Ireland, 1565; distinguished himself against Shane O'Neill, 1565; knighted, 1566; protested against provisioning the army at a fixed price, and (1577) was imprisoned: commanded the forces of the Pale, 1579: again imprisoned on a suspicion of treason, 1580, and sent to England for trial, 1582; allowed to return to Ireland to transact business with regard to his property, 1586, and in 1588 to remain there; leader of the forces of Weatmeath, 1693; commissioner to inquire into abuses, 1597; arrested after the outbreak of Tyrone's rebellion on suspicion of treason; died in Dublin Castle. He wrote A Primer of the Irish Language and a Plot for the Reformation of Ireland.
^ Christopher Nugent (d. 1731), soldier; went to France after the capitulation of Limerick, 1691; served in Flanders, Germany, and Italy; succeeded to the command of Sheldon's regiment and changed its name to Nugent's, 1706; commanded his regiment at Ramillies, Oudenarde,and Malplaquet; promoted maréchal-de-camp, 1718.
^ Christopher Nugent (fl. 1775), physician; graduated M.D. in France; practised in Bath; wrote on hydrophobia, 1763; removed to London, 1764: an original member of the Literary Club; F.R.S., 1765.
^ Sir George Nugent, first baronet (1757–1849), field-marshal: entered the army, 1773; lieutenant, 1777; served in America; captain, 1778: major, 1782; lieutenant-colonel, 1783; accompanied the guards to Holland, 1793; raised a corps from Buckinghamshire; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1790-1800; lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, 1801-6; created baronet, 1806; commander-in-chief in India, 1811-15; general, 1813; G.O.B., 1815.
^ John Nugent, fifth Earl of Westmeath (1672-1764), brother of Thomas Nugent, fourth earl of Westmeath; present at the battle of the Boyne and at Limerick: went to France, 1691; served with the army of Flanders till 1705; subsequently served under the French standard; major in the German army, 1720; brigadier, 1740; maréchal-de-camp, 1744; succeeded to the earldom, 1762; died at Nivelles.
^ Lavall Nugent, Count Nugent (1777–1862), prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Austrian field-marshal; entered the Austrian engineer corps, 1793; lieutenant-colonel, 1805; came to England, 1812: visited Wellington in Spain, 1813; fought in the north of Italy, 1818, and became lieutenant-general, 1814; hon. K.O.B. of England, 1815; fought in the south of Italy, 1815-16, becoming a prince of the Holy Roman Empire, 1816: commanded the Neapolitan army, 1817-20; created a magnate of Hungary, 1826; organised two reserve corps daring the revolts of 1848-9, captured Essigg, secured control of the Danube, but unsuccessfully besieged Oomorn; became a field-marshal, 1849; died at Bosiljevo, near Karlstadt.
^ Nicholas Nugent (d. 1689), chief justice of the common bench in Ireland; uncle of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; chief solicitor to the crown, 1566; served on several commissions; on Sir Henry Sidney's retirement from the lord-deputyship became chief- justice of the common pleas, but (1682) was arrested on a charge of treason; condemned and hanged, popular opinion attributing his death to the private malice of Sir Robert Dillon (d. 1697).
^ Sir Richard Nugent, tenth Baron Delvin (d. 1460?), lord-deputy of Ireland: succeeded his father, 1415; sheriff of Meath, 1424; distinguished himself in the wars against the native Irish; lord-deputy, 1444 and 1449; seneschal of Meiith, 1452.
^ Richard Nugent, twelfth Baron Delvin (d. 1538?), succeeded his father, 1493; assisted the lorddeputy against the Irish chiefs, 1504; J.P., 1515; joined the council, 1522; acted as vice-deputy of Ireland, 1527; seized by stratagem, 1528, and detained a prisoner at O'Conor's house till 1529; continued to fight actively against the rebels, and probably died on an expedition against O'Conor, 1538.
^ Richard Nugent (d. 1604), poet; son of Nicholas Nugent; probably the author of Ric: Nugent's Cynthia (sonnets and madrigals), 1604.
^ Sir Richard Nugent, fifteenth Baron Delvin, first Earl of Westmeath (1583-1642), son of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; succeeded his father, 1602; knighted, 1603; being exasperated by the revocation of a grant, joined a conspiracy, for which he was arrested, 1607; escaped from Dublin Castle, but submitted, 1608; summoned to England on account of parliamentary obstruction, 1614, but recovered favour and was created Earl of Westmeath, 1621; refused to join the rebels, 1641.
^ Richard Nugent, second Earl of Westmeath (d. 1684), succeeded his grandfather, Sir Richard Nugent, first earl of Westmeath, 1642; raised a troop of horse and a regiment of foot for Charles 1, 1645; fieldmarshal, 1648; submitted to the parliamentary commissioners, 1652; raised a regiment for the Spanish service, 1653; arrested on suspicion, 1659; recovered his liberty and estates, 1660.
^ Robert Nugent, Earl Nugent (1702–1788), who afterwards assumed the surname Craggs, politician and poet; M.P., St. Mawes, 1741-54, Bristol, 1754-74, and St. Mawes, 1774-84; became controller to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1747, and lent him money; created lord of the treasury, 1754; vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1760-5 and 1768-82: president of the board of trade, 1766-8; became Viscount Clare and Baron Nugent, 1766, and Earl Nugent, 1776; three times married, twice to rich widows, on which Horace Walpole invented the wordNugentizeto describe this practice; wrote various odes and poems, his ode to William Pulteney being so good that he was suspected of paying Mallet to write it.
^ Thomas Nugent, titular Baron of Riverson (d. 1715), chief- justice of Ireland; sou of Richard Nugent, second earl of Westmeath; one of James II's council, 1685; judge of the king's bench, 1686; privy councillor and lord chief- justice, 1687; furthered James II's anti-protestant policy; on James's landing in Ireland became Baron Riverston and commissioner of the empty Irish treasury, 1689.
^ Thomas Nugent , fourth Earl of Westmeath (1656-1752), served with James II at the Boyne, 1690, and at Limerick, 1691; succeeded his brother as fourth earl, 1714.
^ Thomas Nugent (1700?–1772), miscellaneous writer; honorary LL.D. Aberdeen, 1765; F.S.A., 1767; wrote on travels and history and translated a great number of books, mostly from the French, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu.
^ William Nugent (d. 1625), Irish rebel; brother of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; driven to rebellion by the unwise severity of Lord Grey; escaped to Rome, 1582, and, returning by Paris and Scotland, formally submitted: accused Sir Robert Dillon (d. 1597) of maladministration, 1591.
^ Marianne Nunn (1778–1847), hymn-writer; wrote sacred pieces and hymns.
^ William Nunn (1786–1840), brother of Marianne Nunn; wrote several hymns.
^ Nunna or Nun (fl. 710), king of the South-Saxons; confirmed a charter of Nothelm, 692. His three charters in the Colchester register are of doubtful antiquity.
^ Thomas Nunneley (1809–1870), surgeon; L.S.A., 1832; M.R.C.S., 1832; studied in Paris: practised in Leeds; surgeon to the Leeds Eye and Ear Hospital and the General Infirmary; studied and wrote on ophthalmic surgery in its scientific aspects.
^ Thomas Nuthall (d. 1776), politician and public official; registrar of warrants in the excise office, 1740: receiver-general for hackney coaches, 174'J; solicitor to the treasury, 1 7f,5: secretary of bankrupt*), 1766: inr with William Pitt, afterwards earl of Chatham, marriage settlements he drew up.
^ Joseph Nutt (1700–1775), surveyor of highways; introduced at Hinckley a system of flooding the highways to render them firm.
^ Josiah Nuttall (1771–1849), naturalist; an expert taxidermist; published Belshazzar(epic poem), 1846.
^ Thomas Nuttall (1786–1869), naturalist; went to America, 1807: professor of natural history at Harvard, 1822-34; wrote on the botany, geology, and ornithology of North America.
^ Thomas Nuttall (1828–1890), lieutenant-general, Indian army; entered the army, 1846: lieutenant, 1847; captain, 1X56: suppressed the Bheel rebels, 1867; major, 1865; served in the Abyssinian expedition, 1867; lieutenant-colonel, 1871; colonel, 187S; brigadier-general in the Afghan expedition, 1878: specially disttngnislMd uimself at.Mai wand and Kandahar, 1880: lieutenant-general, 1887.
^ William Nuttall (d. 1840), author and school-master; wrote, in doggerel verse, the first attempt at a history of Rochdale, 1810.
^ William Nutter (1759?–1802), engraver and draughtsman; executed plates after leading English artists, 1780-1800, in Bartolozzi's stipple manner.
^ Joseph Nutting (fl. 1700), engraver.
^ John Nye ( ,. 1688), theological writer; son of Philip Nye; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford 1664; clerk to the triers 1654: conformed, 1660; rector of Quendon, 1669; published controversial works.
^ Nathaniel Nye (fl. 1648), author; wrote 'The Art of Gunnery (1647), for tin- hHp of gunners and other* nut well versed in;inthm.-tic; published an almanac for l.;r, and two others for 1645.
^ Philip Nye (1596?–1672), independent divine; M.A. M:u'd:il. i hill, Oxford, 1622; bin retirement to Hoil.u.d 1K33-40) necessitated by his nonconformity; vicar of Kimbolton; summoned to the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1643. when- he took decided part with the 4 dissenting brethren who objected to the aswuibly's proposition- on church government; desired uniformity, but only in institutions and proponed to tolerate all peaceable preachers; on the commission of triers, 1654, of expurgators, 1654; took part in the Savoy conference, 1659; lost his preferments, 1660; preached in London, 1666, and ministered in Queen Street, 1672; published theological works, separately and with other dissenters.
^ Stephen Nye (1648?–1719), theological writer; son of John Nye; B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1665: rector of Little Honnead, 1679; intimate with Thomas Kinnin, and took part in the current controversies on the Trinity; believed to have invented i the term Unitarian
^ Alexander Nyndge (fl. 1573), demoniac; lived at Lyeringswell, Suffolk: suffered from epileptic or hysterical attacks, 1573; an account of his condition written by his brother Edward.
^ John Nyren (fl. 1830), cousin of John Nyren (1764-1837); author of Tables of the Duties, Bounties, and Drawbacks of Customs 1830.
^ John Nyren (1764–1837), cricket chronicler; interested himself in cricket from an early age; belonged to the Hambledon Club; a left-handed batsman of average ability and a fine field at point and middle wicket. His recollections were published in The Young Cricketer's Tutor (edited by Charles Cowden Clark, 1833).
^ Sir Charles Oakeley, first baronet (1761–1826), governor of Madras; nominated to a writership in the East India Company, 1766; became secretary, 1773: judge advocate-general and translator, 1777-80; president of the committee of assigned revenue of the nabob of Arcot, 1781-4; president of the Madras board of revenue, 1786-8; named governor of Madras, 1790; created baronet, 1790; improved the administration, retrenched expenses, resumed cash payments, and was able to supply Lord Cornwallis with money, grain, and cattle, 1791; in sole charge of Madras as governor, 1792: converted the company's floating debt and equipped the Pondicherry expedition, 1793, without disturbing government credit: retired, 1795.
^ Frederick Oakeley (1802–1880), tractarian; son of Sir Charles Oakeley; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford. 1824; chaplain-fel'low of Balliol College, Oxford, 1827; joined the tractarian movement; prebendary of Lichfleld, 1830; appointed Whitehall preacher, 1837, and incumbent of Margaret Chapel, London, 1839, where he introduced ritualism: joined the Roman communion, 1846, and was an original canon of the Roman catholic diocese of Westminster, 1852; published theological works before and after his secession.
^ Sir Herbert Oakeley , third baronet (1791-1845), archdeacon of Colchester; son of Sir Charles Oakeley; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford (senior student): M.A., 1813; domestic chaplain to Dr. Howley, bishop of London, 1814-22: prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1822; succeeded his brother as baronet, 1830; rector of Bocking, 1834; archdeacon of Colchester, 1841; one of the first to institute district visitors and Sunday schools.
^ Sir Henry Oakes , second baronet (1756-1827), lieutenant-general, East India Company's service; brother I of Sir Hildebrand Oakes; second lieutenant, 1776; ! taken prisoner by Tippoo Sultan, 1783; served at Seringapatam and in Malabar; major, 1795: colonel, 1802: major-general, 1810; lieutenant-general, 1814; succeeded I his brother as baronet, 1822: committed suicide.
^ Sir Hildebrand Oakes, first baronet (1764-1822), lieutenant-general; entered the army, 1767; served in America, 1775, in Corsica, 1794-6, in Egypt, 1801; brigadier-general at Malta, 1802-4: major, 1791: lieutenant-colonel, 1795; colonel, 1798: major-general, 1806: lieutenant-general, 1811; created baronet, 1813; G.C.B., 1820.
^ John Wright Oakes (1820–1887), landscape-painter; painted landscapes, chiefly of Welsh mountains, from 1843; A.R.A., 1876.
^ Thomas Oakes (1644–1719), speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives: born at Cambridge, Massachusetts; brother of Urian Oakes; graduated at Harvard, 1662: was elected representative and (1689 and 1706) chosen speaker: represented Massachusetts in England, 1689.
^ Urian Oakes (1631?–1681), New England divine; went as a boy to America: graduated at Harvard, 1649; incumbent of Titchfield, England, during the Commonwealth; ejected, 1662; pastor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1G71; president of Harvard, 1676; published
^ Edward Oakley (fl. 1732), architect; published works on architecture and building.
^ John Oakley (1834–1890), dean of Manchester; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1869; vicar of St, Saviour's, Boston, 1867-M: high-churchman and friend of th. tVr-s3.
^ Ootaviu Oakley 8 (1800–1867), water-colour painter: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1826-60; frequently painted groups of gipsies and was nicknamed Gipsy Oakley member o? the Society of P. 1.S44.
^ John Oakman (1748?-1793), engraver and author; wrote worthless novels, popular songs and burlettas, and engraved wood illustrations for cheap literature.
^ Henry Oasland or Osland (1625–1703), ejected minister; ALA. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1653; pastor of Bewdley, 1650; arrested on suspicion of complicity in Pakington's plot, 1661; released, 1662; associated with Baxter; ejected, 1662; preached regularly after 1688.
^ Richard Oastler (1789–1861), 'the factory king articled to an architect; steward of the Fixby states, Huddersfleld, 1820; advocated the abolition of slavery and opposed catholic emancipation; his attention drawn to the evils of children's employment in factories, 1880; continually wrote and spoke for the improvement of factory legislation; objected to the new poor law and resisted the commissioners at Fixby, an action which ultimately resulted in his dUmU-sal from his stewardship, 1838, and imprisonment in the Fleet for debt, 1840-4: constantly wrote in periodicals on factory legislation; joint-editor of the Ashton Chronicle
^ Francis Oates (1840–1875), traveller and naturalist: travelled in Central America and explored the Zambesi: amassed large collections; died near the Makalaka kraal; his journals edited by his brother, Charles George Oates, 1881.
^ Titus Oates (1649–1705), perjurer ; expelled from Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, 1665, during his first year there; entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1M7; migrated to St. John's College, Cambridge, 1669, bat took no degree; vicar of Bobbing, 1673: imprisoned at Dover in consequence of his making a disgraceful charge against a Hastings schoolmaster; escaped before the trial and became a naval chaplain; expelled from the navy; us chaplain to the protestants in the Duke of Norfolk's household first came in contact with papists: met Israel Tonge, who employed him to produce diatribes against the Jesuits, 1676; became a Roman catholic, 1677, to procure further information, and entered the Jesuit College at Valladolid, whence he was expellwl after five monthsresidence; expelled also from St. Omer: fabricated thepopish plot which he and Tonge affirmed before Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey 1678, his revelations being in effect that Charles II was to be killed and the country administered by the Jesuits alleged that the details had been settled at ageneral ooMolf odd at the White Horse Tavern, Fleet Street, in April 1678; summoned to repeat his story before the Bedloe and others, the result being that about thirty-five men were judicially murdered; lost prestige by the acquittal of Queen Catherine of Braganza's physician, Wake SlTj li 7 Sf 08 * 8 8 8ucoe8sful defence of himlf, January 1680: his pension reduced, April 1682, and in August stopped altogether; tried for perjury, May tLSrfSfXJf S 1 f T lrfe: hl8 "enoe d himself (1689) set at liberty; married a rich SU!; lyJkS 01 WM ? owed ***- to p*y hi8 debt8 and wstoo of SOW. a year, 1698: joined the Wapping baptists preached, but was expelled, 1701,as a ff 1 * hypocrite published many i the popish plot and against the Jesuits. i*2f5a25jr """ w -" w - tss*.
^ Thomas Lewis O'Beirne (1748?-1823), divine and pamphleteer; u Roman catholic 'views; chaplain in secretary to Lord Fitzwilliam in Ireland, 1794; bishop of Ossory, 1795; translated to Meath, 1798; wrote controversial tracts and whig pamphlets.
^ Tighearnach O'Braien (d. 1088), Irish annalist: abbot of Clonmacnoise and of Roscommou; wrote annals, in which Irisli events are synchronised with those of Europe.
^ Barnabas O'Brien, sixth Earl of Thomond (d. 1657), son of Donough O'Brien, fourth Earl of Thomond; succeeded his brother, 1639; lord-lieutenant of Clare, 1640-1: his rents seized, 1644; admitted a parliamentary garrison to Bunratty Castle and went to England: joined Charles I; successfully petitioned parliament for 2,000l. spent in the parliamentary cause.
^ Brian Ruadh O'Brien (d. 1276), kiu of Thomoud; son of Couchobhar O'Brien; inaugurated king, 1267; allied himself with De Clare, to defend himself against the rebellious Turlough O'Brien; defeated with his ally; hanged by De Clare in mortification at his defeat,
^ Charles O'Brien, fifth Viscount Clare (d. 1706), son of Daniel O'Brien, third viscount Clare; served in James II's army in Ireland, 1689-91; went to France, 1692; succeeded his brother, 1693; colonel of the Clare regiment, 1696: marechal-de-camp, 1704; mortally wounded at Ramillies. 1706.
^ Charles O'Brien, sixth Viscount Clare (1699-1761), son of Charles O'Brien, fifth viscount Clare; succeeded his father, 170G: visited England, 1716; officer in the French array: distinguished himself at Dettingen, ; 1743, and Fontenoy, 1745; created marechal, 1757; died at Montpellier.
^ Conchobar O'Brien (d. 1267), king of Thomond; succeeded his father, Donogh Cairbrech O'Brien !, 1242; had some success against the English, 1257; mustered an army and fought in King's County, Tipperary, and Clare; defeated and slain at Belaclugga.
^ Conor O'Brien (d. 1539), prince of Thomond: succeeded to Thomond, 1528: with his sons by his second marriage supported Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, his son by his first marriage siding with the Butlers; defeated at O'Brien's Bridge, 1536; made peace, 1537.
^ Conor O'Brien, third Earl of Thomond (1534?-1581), called Groibleach, or Long-nailed grandson of Conor O'Brien (d. 1539); succeeded to the earldom, 1553; his right to the lordship of Thomond disputed by his uncle, Donnell; confirmed in his possessions by the Earl of Sussex, 1558, who proclaimed his uncles traitors, though peace was not established till 1565; intrigued with thearch-rebelFitzgerald, 1569, and fled to France; returned to Ireland and received pardon, 1571, with the restoration of his lands, 1573.
^ Daniel O'Brien, first Viscount Clare (1577?-1663), called of Moyarta and Carrigaholt; grandson of to Anh v to Aubigny, . chaplain and became a Roman catholic; prominent in the disturbances in the Irish parliament as member for co. Clare; joined the Kilkenny confederation, 1641; fled abroad to Charles II, 1651; created Viscount Clare, 1663.
^ Daniel O'Brien, third Viscount Clare (d. 1690), followed Charles II into exile; lord-lieutenant of Clare under James II: Irish privy councillor; sat among the peers, 1689; raised regiments for James II's service.
^ Domnhall O'Brien (d. 1194), king of Munster; son of Turlough O'Brien (1009-1086); became king, 1168; engaged in plundering wars and blinded rival chiefs; frequently successful against the English, but submitted to Henry II, 1171.
^ Donat Henchy O'Brien (1785-1857), rear-admiral; entered navy, 1796; wrecked and taken prisoner to Verdun, 1804; escaped, 1808; commander, 1813; rearadmiral, 1852; published an account of his imprisonment and escape.
^ Donogh Cairbrech O'Brien (d. 1242), king of Thomond; son of Domhnall O'Brien; betrayed his brother Murtogh to the English and succeeded him, 1208; successfully ravaged the south of Ireland.
^ Donogh O'Brien (d. 1064), king of Munster; son of Brian (920-1014); ohtainrd -iipn-niacy over iuwn t OHory,and Leinstx?r; deposed, 106 1, M'iittoi;oi M,.. and died there.
^ Donough O'Brien, Baron of Ibrickan and fourth Earl of Thomond (d. 1624), son of Conor niri.-n, third earl of Thomond; succeeded his father. 15H1; Mated in suppn--iiu Tyrone's rebelliou, 1595; gov.-rnor of Clare and privy nmm-illor, 1599; constantly employed in the war, ItiUO; visited England and, oil his return, took part in the siege of Kiusale, 1601; obtained the transfer of Clare from the jurisdiction of Connauirht to .Minister, 1C02; president of Muuster, 1605; governor of Clare, 1619.
^ Edward O'Brien (1808-1840), author; brother of William Smith O'Brien; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1832; published The Lawyer 1842, a work depicting a lawyer of ideal holiness.
^ Henry O'Brien (1808-1836), antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1831: published "The Reund Towers of Ireland 1834, with the object of proving them Buddhistic remains.
^ James O'Brien, third Marquis of Thomond and seventh Earl of Inchiquin (1769-1855), admiral: entered the navy, 1783; commander, 1796: rear-admiral, 1826; vice-admiral, 1837; admiral, 1847; lord of the bedchamber, 1830; Q.O.H., 1831; succeeded his brother, 1846.
^ James O'Brien (1805-1864), chartist; B.A. Dublin, 1829; entered Gray's Inn; became practically editor of the Poor Man's Guardian 1831, signing himselfBronterre steadily developed revolutionary views; was a prominent chartist, and at first advocated physical force, contributing violent articles to the 'Northern Star: imprisoned for seditious speaking, 1840: quarrelled with Feargus O'Connor; edited various newspapers and lectured on the nationalisation of the laud and other topics.
^ James Thomas O'Brien (1792-1874), bishop of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin: B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1815; fellow, 1820; D.D., 1830; instituted dean of Cork, 1842; bishop of Ossory, 1842; wrote on justification by faith and the evidences of religion, and opposed the Oxford movement
^ John O'Brien (d. 1767), Irish catholic prelate; vicar-general of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross; on the separation of Cork and Cloyne (1747) was appointed bishop of Cloyne and Ross; said to have compiled an Irish-English dictionary, published, 1768; edited the statutes of Cloyue and Ross, 1756: his work on gavelkind and tanistry in Ireland, published, 1774-5.
^ Sir Lucius Henry O'Brien, third baronet (d. 1795), Irish politician; entered parliament as member for Ennis, 1763; prominent member of the popular party; endeavoured to remove trade restrictions between England and Ireland, and agitated for Irish legislative independence; succeeded as baronet, 1766: M.P.,co. Clare, 1768-76, Ennis, 1776-83, Tuam, 1783-90, Ennis, again, 1790-5; privy, councillor, 1787; clerk of the crown and hanaper in the high court of chancery, 1787.
^ Matthew O'Brien (1814-1865), mathematician; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1841; lecturer at Wool- I wich, 1849-56, and at King's College, London, 1844-54; wrote on mathematics.
^ Murrough O'Brien, first Earl of Thomond and Baron Inchiquin (d. 1551), succeeded his brother, Conor O'Brien (d. 1539), in the lordship of Thomond, 1539; agreed to conditions of puace and submission, 1541; created Earl of Tbomond with reversion to his nephew, his son being created Baron Inchiquin, 1543; visited England for his installation, 1543.
^ Murrough O'Brien, first Earl of Inchiquin and sixth Baron Inchiquin (1614-1674), known as 'Murchadh na atoithean' or 'of the conflagrations' studied war in the Spanish service; accompanied Strafford into Leinster on the outbreak of the Irish rebellion, 1641; governor of Munster, 1642; had some small success, but was hampered by lack of funds; outwitted the Irish leader, Muskerry, at Cappequin and Lismore: his forces dispersed at the truce, 1643; visited Charles I at Oxford, 1644; forced to submit to parliament, 1644, the parliamentarians being masters of sea, and therefore the only people who could help the Munster protestants; made president of Munster: applies having been brought him by Philip Sidney lord Lisle (afterwards the third earl of Leicester) [q.v.], 1647, he became gradually master of the south of Ireland; declared for Charles II, 1648; fortified the southern ports against parliament; made a truce with the confederate catholics, 1648; joined by Ormonde, with whom he got possession of Drogheda and Dundalk; lost influence in Munster, which revolted after Cromwell's landing, 1649; made some stand at Kilmallock, 1649, but after retiring west of the Shannon left Ireland for France, 1650; made one of the royal council and created earl of Inchiquin, 1654; served under the French in Catalonia, 1654: engaged in the Sexby plot, 1656, and became a Roman catholic; taken prisoner by the Algerines, 1660, but ransomed the same year; became high steward of Queen Henrietta Maria's household; lived quietly in Ireland after 1663.
^ Murtogh O'Brien (d. 1119), king of Munster; son of Turlough O'Brien; constantly at war with his neighbours; became king, 1086; made a circuit of Ireland in six week, 1101.
^ Patrick O'Brien (1761?-1806). See Cotter.
^ Paul O'Brien (1750?-1820), professor of Irish at Maynooth, 1802; published a Practical Grammar of the Irish Language 1809.
^ Terence O'Brien or Toirdelbhach (d 1460), bishop of Killaloe; treacherously slain,
^ Terence Albert O'Brien (1600-1661), bishop of Emly: educated at Limerick and Toledo; became prior of the Limerick Dominicans; provincial of the Irish Dominicans, 1643; bishop of Emly, 1647; joined Rinuccini's party: exhorted resistance against the Cromwellians at Limerick, 1651, aud nursed the sufferers; by Ireton.
^ Turlough O'Brien (1009-1086), king of Munster relative of Brian (926-1014); disputed the chieftainship of the Dal Cais with his kinsman, Murchadh, 1065-64: became king of Munster, 1067; robbed Clonmacnoise, 1073, and attacked his neighbours with moderate success.
^ William O'Brien, second Earl of Inchiquin (16387-1692), sou of Murrough O'Brien, first earl of Inchiquin; taken prisoner by the Algeriue*, 1660; governor of Tangier, 1674-80; succeeded as second earl, 1674; welcomed William of Orange, 1688; attainted by the Irish parliament, 1689; successfully headed the Munster protestants against the Roman catholics; appointed governor of Jamaica, 1690, where his troubles with the French and the negroes finally caused his death.
^ William O'Brien (d. 1815), actor and dramatist; engaged by Garrick to replace Woodward, 1758; left the stage on his marriage to Lady Susan Fox-Strangways, 1764; lived for a time in America; subsequently became receiver-general of Dorset; produced Cross Purposes 1772, and The Duel 1773.
^ William Smith O'Brien (1803-1864), Irish nationalist; brother of Edward O'Brien; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1826; M.P., KnnU. 1828-31: as a supporter of Peel approved of catholic emancipation, and brought in an Irish poor-law bill, 1831; M.P., co. Limerick, 1835-49; made repeated efforts to improve the poor relief and education in Ireland; joined the Repeal Association, 1843; in the custody of the serjeant-at-arms, April-May 1846, for refusing to serve on a railway committee; seceded from the Repeal Association and founded the Irish confederation to attain an Irish parliament by force of opinion only, 1846; urged the formation of a national guard in Ireland, 1848, for which he was tried, the jury being discharged as unable to agree; failing to raise the towns, made an abortive insurrection in the rural districts, was arrested on a charge of high treason, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, 1848, his sentence being commuted to transportation for life: refused a ticket -of -leave and was confined on Maria island, Tasmania; pardon, except for the United Kingdom, granted him. 1864: settled at Brussels; received an unconditional pardon. 1856; visited America, 1859, and Poland, 1863; wrote during his exile the greater part of his Principles of Government (published, 1866).
^ Flaibhertach O'Brolchain (d. 1175), first blsboo of Derrv: abbot of Derry, 1150, and chief of the umban churches: obtained grants of cuttle from (im-1 Koffhain convocation at Uric Mic Taidhp. U58.wben the p*pul legate maile him hi-hop of Derry: obuin1 grant of cattle from the kin of I.ssc-r Ulster, :uil built hU OJitliolr.il. 1164.
^ David O'Bruadair (fl. 1660-1694), Irish poet; a difficult Irish metre, Dan direcb, correctly: a .!..,.,;;.., fUleiici of the feeling tin- MriMpaudog m-ntry of Munsu-r suppliM by his writings; about twenty of hU poems extant.
^ William Bryan (1778–1868), founder of the Bible Christian sect; was converted to Wesleyanisin, 179ft: expelled from the society in consequence of differenoe* about discipline, 1810: gradually formed a sect, the Arminlan Bible Christians 1816, part of which seceded, 1829: went to America, 1831: published Rules of Society 1813: died at Brooklyn.
^ Dennis O'Bryen (1755-1832), dramatist and political pamphleteer; wroteA Friend in Need is a Friend indeed (comedy), 1783; supported Fox in various political pamphlet*.
^ Edward O'Bryen (1754?-1808), rear-admiral; entered the navy, e, 1767; commander, 1783; distinguished himself at Camperdown, 1797; rear-admiral, ES
^ Fiagh MacHugh O'Byrne (1544?-1597), in Irish Fiacha mac Aodha ua Broin, chief of the O'Byrnes of Wicklow: combined with Rory Oge O'More, 1571; was implicated in the murder of Robert Browne, 1572. and defeated the seneschal, but was pardoned, 1573; invaded Wexford, 1580, and, joining Baltinglas, advanced within ten miles of Dublin, plundering and burning, but after some negotiations submitted and was pardoned, Ift81; renewed his submission, 1584, 1586, and 1588: held responsible (1594) for his son's outrage on the sheriff of Kiklare, and proclaimed traitor; again submitted, 1595, and appealed to Queen Elizabeth, 1696, but immediately joined Tyrone: captured and beheaded.
^ William Richard O'Byrne (1823-1896), author of Naval Biographical Dictionary which was begun 1845, and published 1849; succeeded to Cabinteely estate, co. Wicklow; M.P., co. Wicklow, 1874-80; died in distressed circumstances owing to depreciation of Irish land.
^ Sir Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan or O'Kane, or The Freckled (d. 1617?), Irish chieftain; chief vassal of Tyrone; rebelled under Tyrone, 1598, but submitted after siege of Kinsale on the promise of holding his lands direct from the crown, and he proceeded at law (1606) against Tyrone, who claimed his submission; knighted, 1607; surrendered for trial and was imprisoned in Dublin, 1609; transferred to London, dying in the Tower without being tried.
^ Edmund Bailey Callaghan (1797–1880), historian: studied medicine at Paris; emigrated to Canada, 1823: fled to the States when the 1837 rising in Canada failed: attached to the secretary of state's office; publishedHistory of New Netherland 1846, andState Records 1849-61.
^ John Cornelius O'Callaghan (1805-1883), Irish historical writer; called to the Irish bar, 1829; wrote for periodicals, including the Nation; published a History of the Irish Brigades in the Service of France 1869.
^ Sir Robert William O'Callaghan (1777-1840), general; entered the army, 1794; captain, 1795; lieutenant-colonel, 1803: distinguished himself in the Peninsula; major-general, 1814; appointed comniaiulcr at Madras, 1880-6; G.C.B., 1838.
^ Gilla-an-Choimhdedh O'Caran (d. 1180), archbishop of Armagh; bishop of Cinel Conaill; archbishop of Armagh, 1176; held office during Cardinal Viriamu's visitation.
^ Torlogh O'Carolan or Carolan (1670-1738), Irish bard; became blind from small-pox, 1684; began as a bard, 1692; repaid hospitality in songs named after his entertainers, sucl asGracey Nugent Bridget Cruise and the famous.leceipt for Drinking or 1'liuixty Stafford About fiftj of his pieces survive in Irish collections.
^ Maolsuthain O'Carroll (d. 1031), confessor of Brian (926-1014), king of Ireland; accompanied Brian in his journey round Ireland, 1004: wrote a short chapter in the Book of Armagh
^ Margaret O'Carroll (d. 1451). hospitable lady: married Calbhach O'Connor Faly; but retained her maiden name; gave two great entertainments to learned mm.
^ Nicholas of Occam (fl. 1280), Franciscan; also called Nicholas de Hotham; disputed at Oxford and wrote sermons.
^ William Occam (d. 1349?). See Ockham.
^ Thomas Occleve (1370?–1450?). See Hoccleve.
^ O'Cearbhall, Lord of Ossory (d. 888). See Cearbhall.
^ Brian O'Cearnaidh (1567-1640). See Barnabas Kearney.
^ Ochiltree, second Baron (fl. 1548–1593). See Andrew Stewart.
^ Michael Ochiltree (fl. 1425–1445), bishop of Dunblane; dean of Dunblane before 1425; became bishop before 1430.
^ Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564), reformer; born at Siena; quitted the Observantine Franciscans, 1534, for the Capuchins; became an extraordinarily eloquent preacher; chosen vicar-general of the Capuchins, 1538; fled to Geneva on the establishment of the inquisition, 1542: settled at Augsburg, 1545: migrated to England, 1547; prebendary of Canterbury, 1548; returned to Basle on Queen Mary's accession and was for a time pastor of ZUrich; expelled from Switzerland in consequence of hisThirty Dialogueson the Trinity, 1563; went to Poland, but was not allowed to remain there, and died at Slakow in Moravia; published theological works in Italian, most of which were translated into English.
^ Johann Rudolph Ochs (1673–1749), medallist; born at Bern; cut seals and engraved gems: came to England, 1719, and was employed at the royal mint.
^ John Ralph Ochs or Ocks (1704–1788), medallist; sou of Johann Rudolph Ochs; employed at the royal mint of England from 1741.
^ Sir David Ochterlony , first baronet (1758–1825), conqueror of Nipal (Nepaul); bora at Boston, Massachusetts; entered the Bengal army, 1777; lieutenant, 1778; served under Sir Eyre Ooote against the French; major, 1800; lieutenant-colonel, 1803: appointed British resident at Delhi, 1803: defended Delhi against Holkar, 1804; colonel, 1812; major-general, 1814; his column the only one of the four invading Nipal which was successful; took Nalagur, 1814, and advanced to Bilaspur, 1814; defeated Amar Singh after desperate fighting, May 1815; created baronet and K.C.B.; negotiated a treaty with the Gurkha government, 1815, which it subsequently refused to ratify; again took the field to march on Kbatmandu; obliged the Gurkhas to evacuate the Kourea Ghat pass and defeated them within twenty miles of Khatmandu, 1816, after which the treaty was duly ratified and faithfully kept; G.C.B., 1816; made a peaceable settlement with Amir Khan, 1818, and effected the disarmament of the Pathan forces; took a large part in the reconstruction of government in Central India, in the course of which Balwant Singh, a boy of six, was recognised as raja of Bhartpur, 1825; proceeded to uphold Balwant Singh against his rebellious cousin by force of arms; died at Mirat broken-hearted by the decision of the governor-general to investigate the matter before allowing him to carry out his intention.
^ Barons of Ockham . See KINO, PETER, first BARON Kino 1669–1734; KINO, PKTKK, seventh BARON KINO, 1776-1833.
^ Nicholas of Ockham (fl. 1280). See Occam.
^ William Ockham or Occam (d. 1349?), 'Doctor invincibilis; studied at Oxford, possibly under Duns Scotus: became a Fraiu-i.-i-nn: l;.. x fonl; wait to Paris and associated with Mareiglio; D.I), 1'arU;.-uteri-d into the Franciscan controversy concerning pm ilHVixled (1323) against Pope John XXII. tbedootna 'evangelical poverty. 1 mvepte.1 (i:?:") by tin- chap lVni'_'ia; va: Imprisoned nt Avignon on a charge of heivsy, 1328, but escaped to tin- emperor at Pisa; aoeomMaied him back to Bavaria, 1330, and resided in tin Franciscan house at Munich, where, with Michael l:i Oeseua, he was a leader of the evangelical poveru minority; refuted in Opus nonaginta Dierum (e. i::i'M tin- pope's treatise against it, sentence by sentence and in Compendium errorum papae (c. 1338) made him answerable for seventy errors and seven heresies; defended the contention of Lewis of Bavaria that his election to the empire wa valid without the pope's confirmation, and elaborated the general discussion of the nature of imperial and papal authority in a Dialogus which is incomplete as we have it now; was vicar of his order from 1342, but passed on the ring of office, 1349, and probably was reconciled to the pope upon the recantation of his more obnoxious doctrines; died and was buried at Munich. His eminence lies in his work in logic, philosophy, and political theory. He was the second founder of nominalism, and made the method of logic known as the Byzantine logic his fundamental basis. The title Venerabilis Inceptor is apparently older than the more familiar Doctor invincibilis
^ Christopher Ockland (d. 1590?). See Ocland.
^ Simon Ockley (1678–1720), orientalist; entered Queens' College, Cambridge, 1693, where he was made Hebrew lecturer; M.A. Cambridge (incorporated at Oxford, 1706); B.D. Cambridge, 1710; became curate and subsequently vicar of Swavesey, 1705; his History of the Saracens published 1708-57, the main source of the average notions of Mohammedan history for generations; frequently visited Oxford to consult Arabic manuscripts; appointed professor of Arabic at Cambridge, 1711; translated the Second Book of Esdras from the Arabic, 1716, and other Arabic works.
^ John Ralph Ocks (1704–1788). See Ochs.
^ Christopher Ocland (d. 1590?), Latin poet and controversialist; a schoolmaster at Cheltenham and Greenwich; his Anglorum Praelia, 1580, ordered to be used in grammar schools; published also Latin poems on Queen Elizabeth.
^ Cucoigriche O'Clery (d. 1664), Irish chronicler; son of Lughaidh O'Clery; assisted Michael O'Clery in compiling the Annals of the Four Masters and wrote poems.
^ Lughaidh O'Clery (fl. 1609), Irish historian; became chief of his sept, 1595; took part in the contention between the northern and southern Irish bards, 1600; dictated Life of Aodh Ruadh O'Donnell (translated, 1820).
^ Michael O'Clery (1575-1643), Irish chronicler: third cousin of Cucoigcriche O'Clery; was baptised Tadhg, but entered the Franciscan order as Michael; studied Irish history and literature in East Munster; entered the Louvain convent and was sent (1620) to collect Irish manuscripts, especially historical and hagiological ones; assisted by other Irish scholars composed The Royal List of Irish kings and their pedigrees, 1624-30, the Book of Invasions 1627-31, a digest of the Annals of Kingdom of Ireland or Annals of the Four Masters 1632-6, and Martyrologium Sanctorum Hiberniae 1636.
^ Dermot O'Cobhthaigh (fl. 1684), Irish poet; belonged to a family of hereditary poets; wrote a lament for a murdered kinsman and five theological poems.
^ Count Daniel O'Connell or Daniel Charles (17457-1833) French general; uncle of Daniel O'Oonnell (1775-1847), called the Liberator; entered the French army, 1760; became adjutant of the Clare regiment; obtained the cross of St. Louis for a pamphlet on army discipline; wounded at Gibraltar; be came colonel of the Salm-Salm regiment: accepted the revolution, but (179S) joined the Bourbons; suggested the formation of un Irish brigade to I'itt, 1 brigade to Pitt, 1796; lieuU-nantrgeneral under the Bourbon*; died at Madon,
^ Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847), Irish politician, l.-.l tl,e i...iMT.it.r;.-literal the Km 17'Jl; v u s tntm-ft-iral to Douay, 1798, which wmt suppressed, 1793; entered Lincoln Inn, 1794; called to tin- Irish bar, 1798; joined the Munster circuit and toon uue.l a r. putaiHin for legal ability and unrivalled power of cross-examination; protested, in his first public speech (1800), against the insinuation that Roman catholic* approved the Act of Union; signed a petition for catholic emancipation, 1805, and was chairman of a nub-committee for reporting on the laws affecting catholic*, 1811; vigorously opposed Grattau's bill, 1813, as inadequate,restricted in principle and doubtful in iU wording: leading counsel for Magee, proprietor and editor of theDublin Evening Post 1813; powerfully vindicated the catholic policy, knowing the court to be hostile; challenged by a Dublin merchant named D'Esterre, whom he fatally wounded, 1815; arrested in London on his way to the continent, his projected duel with Peel having been frustrated in Ireland, and bound over to keep the peace; formed the Catholic Association to deal with practical questions and grievances which pressed on the catholic peasant, 1823; started (1824) thecatholic rent which made all who paid one shilling a year to the Catholic Association members, by which a spirit of hope was infused into the peasantry; gained thereby a high place in the estimation of his countrymen; his work thwarted (February 1825) by a bill which suppressed the association, and by the rejection of the Catholic Relief Bill by the Lords: founded, August 1826, his Order of Liberators to which every man who bad performed one real act of service to Ireland was entitled to belong, with the object of preventing feuds and riots at fairs, discountenancing secret societies, and making the franchise effective; elected M.P. for co. Clare at a byeelection, 1828; believed that in the absence of a direct prohibition in the Act of Union no legal obstacle could prevent a duly elected Roman catholic from taking his seat; found that before parliament reassembled it bad been determined to admit Roman catholics to parliament, the bill passing April 1829; refused to take the oath of supremacy, on which his claim to sit was rejected; again returned unopposed, a national testimonial in the form of an annual tribute being provided for his expenses; published a series of letters giving his views on current political questions, 1830, and, after all the societies which he formed to prepare the way for the repeal of the union bad been promptly suppressed, was finally arrested, 1831, for evading the proclamations; skilfully averted a riot in Dublin; the prosecution of him dropped through the influence of English reformers; considered parliamentary reform a necessary step to the repeal of the union, but failed to obtain the restoration of the forty-shilling freeholders: returned, unsolicited, for Dublin, 1832; moved for the appointment of a committee to inquire into and report on the union, 1834: was defeated, but created a more conciliatory disposition towards Ireland, which in 1835, when the balance of power lay in his hands, issued in theLichfield House compactand the impartial government of Thomas Drummond; denunciations and charges of corruption excited by his friendly relations with the ministry; rendered valuable assistance to the English Municipal Corporations Bill, and agitated for similar reform in Ireland; founded the Repeal Association, 1840, on the lines of the old Catholic Association, and addressed meetings on the subject in Ireland and England; elected lord mayor of Dublin, 1841: refrained from agitation during his year of office; his cause considerably strengthened by the establishment of the 'Nationnewspaper, 1842; countermanded the meeting at Olontarf, thereby averting the danger which would otherwise have arisen from the suppression of the existing agitation by parliament, 1843; arrested on a charge of creating discontent and disaffection, and sentenced to a fine of 2,000. and a year's imprisonment, 1844, but liberated, judgment being reversed on appeal, 1844; wrote in favour of federalism, but withdrew his offer of co-operation with federalist advocates, as it was interpreted as an abandonment of repeal: called attention to the constant distress in Ireland, 1846, and made his last appeal to the houw, February 1847: went fibroid on account of his health and died at Genoa. The system of constitutional agitation by mas* meetings, in his hands, reached a perfection never before attained, and he recreated national feeling in Ireland.
^ John O'Connell (1810-1858), Irish politician; son of Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator; called to the Irish bar: MJ., Youghal, 1832-7, Athlone, 1837-41, Kilkenny, 1841-7, Limerick, 1847-81, Clonmel, 1853-7; actively assisted his father in the repeal agitation, and shared his trial and imprisonment, 1844; succeeded his * of the Repeal Association, which failed (1848) for lack of funds; joined the whigs and, as young Office, Ireland, 1857; pnblis (1846) of his father and var Association. tried to start agitation; clerk of the Hannper ishedLife and Speeches various reports for the Repeal
^ Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell (1812-1879), soldier and colonial statesman; son of Sir Muurice Charles Philip O'Connell; born at Sydney; educated in England, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Paris; entered the army, 1828; lieutenant, 1834; raised a regiment in Ireland for wvice in Spain, 1835; captain, 1838; went to New South Wales, where he was member of the legislative council for Port Philip, 1845-8, and appointed commissioner for crown lauds, 1848; member of the legislative council of Queensland, 1859, and president of the council, 1861-79; kni K -!,t,,l. IM;S
^ Sir Maurice Charles Philip O'Connell (d. 1848), lieutenant-general; educated in Paris by his kinsman, Daniel O'Connell (1745 ?-1833); a captain in the French service by 1792; came into the English ranrice on the transfer of the Irish brigade, 1794; served with distinction in the West Indies; lieutenant-colonel and lieutenantrgovernor of New South Wales, 1809-14; knighted and K.C.H., 1834; major-general commanding the forces in New South Wales, 1838-46; lieutenantgeneral, 1841; died at Sydney.
^ Morgan O'Connell (1804-1885), politician; son of Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator; served in the Irish South American legion and the Austrian army; M.P., Meath, 1832-40; assistant-registrar of deeds for Ireland, 1840-68; did not agree with his father on the repeal question, but fought a duel with William, second baron Alvanley, on his father's account.
^ Moritz O'Connell, Baron O'Connell (1740?-1830), Austrian officer; went abroad with Daniel, count O'Connell (1745?-1833), 1762, entered the Austrian army, was imperial chamberlain fifty-nine years, and became a baron; died at Vienna.
^ Peter O'Connell (1746-1826), Irish lexicographer; a schoolmaster who studied old Irish manuscripts and prepared an Irish dictionary, 1785-1819, but was unable to publish it. The manuscript was finally purchased by the British Museum.
^ Aedh O'Connor (d. 1067), king of Connaught; called an gha bhearnatghr, 'of the clipped spear'; contended with the O'Rourkes for the kingship throughout his life; killed their chief, 1039: defeated by them, 1; received the submission of the O'Briens 1059; admitted the supremacy of the king of Ailech, 1063; killed fighting against the O'Rourkes near Oranmore.
^ Arthur O'Connor (1763 - 1852), Irish rebel; brother of Roger O'Connor q. v.; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1782; called to the Irish bar, 1788; Lt ?n The ?S* 1 !J! a T lillmeut for PhiliP-town, 1791-5; joined the l?7 T?A VS 6 i ?P ri80nedor seditious libel, 1797; editor of the Press; was arrested in England but, having given some information to the government, was despatched to Scotland, 1799; released and S to lJSLSFltSS? by N T leon Beuerttl of divi8ion; published books on political questions; died at Bignon.
^ Bernard O'Connor (1666?-1698). See Connor.
^ Brian O'Connor or Bernard (1490?-1560?), more properly known as Brian O'Conor Faly; succeeded to the lordship of Offaly, 1511; kept prisoner for nearly a year the vice-deputy, who had attem e Uberation from detention of his kinsman the earl of Kildare; took up arms, 1534, and thrSfgh Ms Mother raliir's treachery was compelled to submit, 1535; his country invaded by Lord Leonard Grey, 1537, who appointed Cahir lord of Offaly; forcibly expelled Cahir, and offered to submit, 1538; invaded the Pale, 1540, but submitted to St. Leger; kept the peace till 1547, when he joined O'More in an attack on the Pale; gave himself up, 1548, after St. Leger had made two inroads into Offaly, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London; escaped, 1552, but was rearrested; returned to Ireland, 1554, but was soon imprisoned in Dublin Castle, where he died.
^ Calvach O'Connor (1584-1655), Irish commander; rumoured that he was to be made king of Connaught and the centre of the confederate party, 1641; attacked and routed, 1642; excepted from pardon, 1652.
^ Cathal O'Connor (d. 1010), king of Connaught; became king, 980; built a bridge over the Shannon, 1000; entered the monastery of Clonmacnoise, 1003.
^ Cathal O'Connor (1150?-1224), king of Connaught; called Croibhdheirg (red-handed), son, possibly illegitimate, of Turlough O'Connor, king of Ireland; opposed his brother and nephew, but succeeded as king, on the letter's death at Boyle, 1201; acknowledged King John's supremacy, 1215, but resisted Walter de Lacy, 1220 and 1224; founded three abbeys.
^ Cathal O'Connor or O'Conor Faly, or Charles, otherwise known as Don Carlos (1540-1596), son of Brian O'Connor, brought up in Scotland; went to France, 1560; a spy in the service of Mary Queen of Scots; fled to Spain on the murder of Captain Henry Mackworth, 1582; joined the Spanish army; wrecked in the Spanish armada for the invasion of Ireland, 1596.
^ Feargus O'Connor (1794-1855), chartist leader; son of Roger O'Connor; of Trinity College, Dublin; called to the Irish bar; took part in the reform agitation, 1831, and organised the electorate registration in Cork; returned as a repealer for co. Cork, 1832: associated with the extreme English radicals; unseated, 1835; travelled through the northern and midland districts advocating radicalism and, afterwards, the Pix points of the charter his paper, the Northern Star being the official organ of chartism; sentenced to eighteen monthsimprisonment at York, for seditious libel, 1840; quarrelled with most of the other leaders, 1841; advocated peasant proprietorship, and founded the National Land Company to buy estates and let them to subscribers by ballot, 1846; M.P., Nottingham, 1847; averted disturbances at the mass meeting on Kennington Common, 1848: visited America; pronounced insane, June 1852.
^ Hugh O'Connor (1617-1669), Irish chief; captured and examined, 1642; entered into articles of surrender, 1652; served abroad; succeeded his father, Calvach O'Connor, as chief, 1656; applied to be reinstated after 1660, but died before his claim had been decided.
^ James Arthur O'Connor (1791-1841?), painter; was brought up as an engraver, but took to landscapepainting; visited Brussels, 1826, Paris, 1832, Belgium and Rhenish Prussia, 1833; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1822-40.
^ John O'Connor (1824-1887), Canadian statesman; born at Boston, Massachusetts; worked on his father's land; called to the Canadian bar, 1854: elected to the Canadian legislature for Essex, 1867; successively (18721873) president of the council, minister of inland revenue, and postmaster-general; elected for Russell County, 1878; again became president of the council and postmastergeneral; secretary of state; puisne judge at Ontario, 1884.
^ John O'Connor (1830-1889), scene-painter and architectural painter; came to London, 1848, and obtained work at the theatre?; after 1867 exhibited at the Royal Academy, chiefly architectural subjects; visited Sedan, 1870, and Paris, during the Prussian occupation, 1871; made drawings of several court ceremonies; designed and directed tableaux vivants.
^ Luke Smythe O'Connor (1806-1873), major-general; entered the army, 1827; captain, 1834; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1863: major-general, 1866; served with special distinction in West Africa (C.B., 1855) and in Jamaica; died at Dresden.
^ Roderic O'Connor, or in Irish Ruaidhri (d. 1118), king of Connaught; son of Aedh O'Connor; became king, 1076; won a great victory at Cunhill, 1087; treacherously seized and blinded, 1092: retn Clonmacnoise.
^ Roderic O'Connor, called in Irish Ruaidhri ua Conchobar (1116?-1198), king of Ireland; son of Turlough O'Connor; became king of Couuaught, 1166; ravaged the plain of Teffiu: suffered reverses at Athlone ami Ardee, 1159: took advantage of the weakness of the north, went to Dublin, and was inaugurated king of all Ireland, 1166; called two important assemblies, 1167 and 1168, to adopt laws and determine justice; granted ten cows annually for teaching scholars at Armagh, 1169; besieged Strougbow in Dublin, 1171, but was routed by him; acknowledged Henry II as his liege lord, 1175; entered the abbey of Ooug and died tin -re.
^ Roger O'Connor (1762-1884), Irish nationalist; brother of Arthur O'Connor: called to the English bar, 1784; joined the United Irishmen: arrested, 1797, but liberated, 1798; imprisoned for some years with his brother Arthur: rearrested for raiding the Galway coach, 1817, but acquitted; published Chronicles of Eri 1822, mainly imaginative.
^ Turlough O'Connor (1088-1156), king of Irelaud; called in Irish Toirdhealbhach m6r ua Conchobbair; son of Roderic O'Connor (. 1118); became king of Connaught, 1106; made war on his neighbours with varying success; allied himself to Murchadh O'Mueleachlainn, 1118, but in 1120 drove him into the north and assumed the kingship of Ireland; divided the kingdom into three parts, under separate chiefs; deposed by Murchadh, 1135; regained the kingship, 1141; had to give hostages to O'Lochlainn, king of Ailech, 1149, who prevented him from becoming king of Ireland again.
^ Charles O'Conor (1710-1791), Irish antiquary; educated in Ireland; published Dissertations on the Ancient History of Ireland 1753, and a preface and terminal essay to O'Flaherty's The Ogygia Vindicated and letters on Irish history in Vallancey's Collectanea; collected ancient Irish manuscripts and published pamphlets on the abolition of the political disabilities of Roman catholics.
^ Charles O'Conor (1764-1828), Irish antiquary and librarian; grandson of Charles O'Couor (1710-1791) ; educated at Rome, 1779-91; chaplain and librarian at Stowe to Richard Grenville, afterwards duke of Buckingham and Chandos; wrote a memoir of his grandfather, 1796; supported the royal veto on catholic episcopal appointments in Ireland inColnmbanus ad Hiberuos 1810-13; published the annals of Tigbearuach, of Ulster, and of the Four Masters, and other chronicles from the Stowe Library asRerum Hibernicaruin Scriptores Veteres 1814-26, an inaccurate work; became insane before his death.
^ Matthew O'Conor (1773-1844), Irish historical writer; brother of Charles O'Conor (1764-1828); studied at Rome; barrister; wrote on Irish military history.
^ William Anderson O'Conor (1820-1887), author; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1864; Latin lecturer at St. Aidan's theological college, Birkeuhead; attracted notice as an eloquent and original preacher when rector of St. Simon and St. Jude, Manchester, 1858-87; wrote on theology and Irish history.
^ Octa, Ocga, Oht or Oiric (d. 632?), king of Kent; son of Aesc or Oisc; succeeded his father, c. 612; reigned over the Jutish invaders in Kent.
^ John O'Cullane (1754-1816), Irish poet and schoolmaster; many of his poems extant in Munster.
^ Eugene O'Curry (1796-1862), Irish scholar; obtained employment in the topographical section of the Irish ordnance survey, 1834-7; copied and arranged Irish manuscripts; first professor of Irish history and archaeology in the Catholic University of Ireland, 1855; gave an account of mediaeval Irish manuscripts and their contents in his lectures (published, 1860 and 1873); his text and traiiblation of two mediaeval Irish tales published by the Celtic Society, 1855. His facsimile copies In Irish character of manuscripte are preserved at Trinity College, Dublin, and the Royal Irish Academy.
^ Aengus O'Daly (d. 1360), Irish poet.
^ Aengus O'Daly(d. 1617), Irish poet; wrote an abusive poem on the Irish tribes; assassinated.
^ Daniel O'Daly or Dominic (1596-1668). See Daly.
^ Donnchadh O'Daly (d. 1244), Irish poet; the most famous member of the greatest family of hereditary poets in Ireland; more than thirty poems, chiefly on devotional subjects, attributed to him.
^ Muiredhach O'Daly (fl. 11213), Irish poet; having killed O'Donnell's steward fled from place to place, followed by O'Donnell; wrote in Scotland three poems in praise of O'Douuell, which led to his being forgiven,
^ Thomas Odell (1691–1749), playwright; wrote political lampoons for Walpole: built a theatre in Leman Street, London, 1729, which he sold to Giffard, 1731; deputy-licenser of the stage, 1738; composed "The Chimera 1729,The Smugglers 1729,The Patron 1730, and The Prodigal 1744.
^ Dermot O'Dempsey (d. 1193), Irish chief: became chief of the Clan Mailughra, 1162, and subsequently of the group of clans allied to his own; founded a Cistercian abbey at Rosglas, 1178.
^ Cornelius O'Devany or O'Duane (1533-1612), called in Irish Concbobhar O'Duibbeauuaigb, Roman catholic bishop of Down and Connor; appointed to the bishopric, 1582, and consecrated at Rome; twice arrested for religious reasons; arrested for complicity in Tyrone's rebellion and executed.
^ George Odger (1820–1877), trade unionist; a shoemaker, who became secretary to the London trades council, 1862; believed in the combination of tradeunionism with political action, and made five unsuccessful attempts to enter parliament; president of the international association of working men, 1870.
^ Gabrel Odingsells (1690–1734), playwright; author of three indifferent comedies; committed suicide while insane.
^ Walter Odington, or Walter of Evesham (fl. 1320). See Walter.
^ Odo or Oda(d. 959), archbishop of Canterbury, called the Good; was early converted to Christianity; adopted and educated by Ethelhelm, a noble, with whom he went to Rome; ordained at Rome; esteemed by jEthelstan, who gave him the bishopric of Ramsbury, 927, and the archbishopric of Canterbury, 942; restored Canterbury Cathedral and promoted the reformation of morals, the rights of the church, and the restoration of monastic discipline; published constitutions respecting these matters during Edmund's reign; accompanied Edred to the north, 947, and translated the Ripon relics to Canterbury; crowned Edwy, 956, and separated him from Elfgifu.
^ Earl Odo or Odda (d. 1056), a kinsman of Edward the Confessor; had an hereditary connection with Mercia; became, on the banishment of Godwine and Harold (1051) Earl of Somerset, Devon, Doreet, and the Wealas losing bis earldom on tbeir return; compensated with the earldom of the Hwiccas; built the minster at Deerhurtt for his brother's soal.
^ Odo (d. 1097), bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent; half-brother of William the Conqueror, who made him bishop of Bayeux, 1049; accompanied the Normans to England, fought at Hastings (1066), and was rewarded with Dover Castle and the earldom of Kent, 1066; viceroy in William's absence, ruling hairhly; second in power only to William himself; acquired vast wealth; built himself a palace at Rome and aspired to succeed Hildebrand as pope, but was arrested by William I and kept captive at Kouen till William's death; was unable to regain his old power under William U and became the of conspiracy; besieged at Pevensey and Rochester, and was obliged to leave England, 1088; held a prominent position under Robert in Normandy; present at the proclamation of the first crusade, 1095, and elected to accompany Robert as crusader, 1096; died at Palermo in .: a liberal patron of religion and learning.
^ Odo of Canterbury (d. 1200), abbot of Battle; also called Odo Cantianus; a monk of Christchurch, Canterbury: sub-prior, 1 163; represented Canterbury at Rome, 1163: vacillated between tlu- km- and Becket, but took the ecclesiastical side on Becket's munler; recommended for the archbishopric, 1173, but not chosen; became abbot of Battle, 1175: chosen a second time as archbishop, but again refused by the king, 1184; commissioned by the pope to remonstrate with Archbishop Baldwin (4. 1190) on his quarrel with his monks, 1187. There is some uncertainty as to his writings owing to confusion with other writers of the same name.
^ Odo of Cheriton , or, less familiarly, Sherston (d. 1247), fabulist and preacher; completed his sermons on the gospels, 1219; illustrated his arguments by quaint extracts from the bestiaries and from older collections of fables, some of which he formed into a separate collection as Parabola.
^ Sir Cahir O'Dogherty (1587-1608), lord of Inishowen; a minor at his father's death, but supported as chief of Inishowen by Sir Henry Docwra; knighted on the field of Augher; visited England, 1603; insulted by Sir George Paulet, 1608, and in revenge seized Culmore Castle and sacked and burnt Derry, 1608; hot during an engagement near Kilmacrenan.
^ William James O'Doherty (1835-1868), sculptor; studied at Dublin; came to London, 1854, and exhibited from 1857; visited Rome, 1865; died in hospital in Berlin.
^ Peter O'Doirnin (1682-1768), Irish poet and schoolmaster; composed poems, including one on the ancient divisions of Ireland.
^ William O'Domhnuill (d. 1628). See Daniel.
^ William of Odone (d. 1298). See Hothum.
^ James Louis O'Donnel (1738-1811),the Apostle of Newfoundland; educated at Home and ordained priest at Prague; prior of the Franciscan house at Waterford, 1779; went as vicar-apostolic to Newfoundland, 1784: consecrated bishop of Thyatira, 1796; divided the diocese into missions, 1801: resigned, 1807.
^ Calvagh O'Donnell (d. 1566), lord of Tyrconnel; son of Manus O'Donnell; quarrelled with his father and claimed the leadership of the clan, 1547: reconciled to his father by the lord-deputy, 1549; being again at feud with his father, went to Scotland, and returning with assistance, 1565, captured him and usurped the government, which was acquiesced in by England 1558; surprised and captured by Shane O'Neill, 1561; released, 1564; went to England to solicit aid from Queen Elizabeth; returned with Sir Henry Sidney, and was restored by him, 1566, but died soon afterwards.
^ Daniel O'Donnell (1666-1735), brigader-general in the Irish brigade in the French service; appointed captain in James ll'e army, 1688; transferred to the French service, 1691; served in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 1707-12; brigadier-general, 1719; died at St. Germain-en-Laye.
^ Godfrey O'Donnell (d. 1258), Irish chief; made chief, 1248; made successful raids into Tyrone and Lower Connaught; was victorious but severely wounded ;.f ? ced, e 1267; fought victoriously against O'Neill, 1258, but died from his old wounds.
^ Hugh Balldearg O'Donnell (d. 1704), Irish MUbrtf fortune: had property in Spain, went to IreUind without permission, 1690, raised ten thousand men wm! yi nnel, with whom he l uarr elled, joined the iHiamites, and contributed to the fall of Sligo; subequentlj fought for Austria; returned to Spain, 1697 e major-general in the Spanish army.
^ Hugh Roe O'Donnell (1571?-1602), lord of Tyrconnel; grandson of Manus O'Donnell; seized by stratagem as a hostage for his father's loyalty, 1587, escaped and was recaptured, but escaped again, 1591, when his father surrendered the chieftaincy in his favour; formally submitted to government, 1592, but applied to Spain for assistance, and secretly helped Hugh Maguire against the -English; made a marauding expedition into Connaught, which he gained by the destruction of Sligo Castle and other fortresses, 1595; invaded and plundered Conuatight, 1597; forced by O'Conor Sligo, who had established himself at Sligo with Knli.-h as~i-tance, to retreat across the Erne; assisted Tyrone in defeating the English at Yellow Ford and received O'Couor Sligo's submission, 1598; lost Lifford and Donegal, his cousin Niall Garv O'Donnell having deserted to the English, 1600; on the arrival of the Spanish went southwards and attacked the English besieging Kinsale; went to Spain, 1602, but gained no assistance; died from poison at Simancas.
^ John Francis O'Donnell (1837-1874), poet; journalist in Limerick, 1854, in London, 1856, in Dublin, 1862, in London again, 1864; contributed prose and verse to the Nation and was one of the ablest fenian propagandists iu the press; published two volumes of poems.
^ Manus O'Donnell(d. 1564), lord of Tyrconnel; deputy-governor of Tyrconnel, 1510; forced by his quarrels with his brothers into an alliance with O'Neill; became chief, 1537; with O'Neill invaded the Pale, 1639, but was utterly routed; submitted to the lord-deputy, 1641, and released his brothers in deference to St. Leger's wishes, 1542; attacked by his son Calvagh O'Donnell, 1548, who was defeated, but (1655) succeeded in taking his father prisoner and usurping his authority; built the castle of Portnatrynod, where theLife of St. Columbkille was completed under his direction, 1532.
^ Mary Stuart O'Donnell (fl. 1632), daughter of Rory O'Dounell, first earl of Tyrconnel; escaped from her grandmother in male attire, 1626: was suspected at Bristol, but succeeded in reaching Brussels; continued her adventures as man and married an O'Gallagher.
^ Sir Niall Garv O'Donnell (1569-1626), grandson of Calvagh O'Donnell; objected to the election of his cousin Hugh Roe O'Dounell as chief of Tyrconnel; promised the grant of Tyrconnel by Sir Henry Docwra, 1600; wrested Lifford and Donegal from his cousin; resented the establishment of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty as Lord of Inishowen; caused himself to be inaugurated chief, 1602, and proceeded to London to receive pardon for his insubordination; arrested for complicity in O'Dogherty's rebellion, 1608, the jury eventually refusing to convict him; sent to the Tower of London, 1609, where he died.
^ Rory O'Donnell, first Earl of Tyrconnel (1575-1608), grandson of Manus and brother of Hugh Roe O'Dounell; became acting chief on his brother's flight to Spain, 1602; created Earl of Tyrconnel, 1603, and granted the greater part of Donegal, 1604; with Tyrone aimed at tribal independence, and in 1606 divulged to Richard Nugent, lord Delviu, a plan to seize Dublin and various other places; finding his rash speeches were known, left Ireland with the Earl of Tyrone and various relatives, 1607; with them landed in France and went to Brussels and Louvain and finally through Switzerland to Rome, where he was well received; died of Roman fever; in his formal statement of his grievances he put religious disabilities in the foresrround. His flight cleared the way for the settlement of Ulster,
^ Edmund O'Donovan (1844-1883), newspaper correspondent; son of John O'Donovan; educated by the jesuite; studied medicine at Trinity College, Dublin; contributed to newspapers, 1866, joined the French army, 1870, wrote letters on his experiences to London and Dublin papers; proceeded to Spain, 1873, and represented the Daily Newsin A sia.Minor, 1876; accomplished a hazardous journey to Mrv, 1879, an account of which he published, 1882; perished with the army of Hicks Pasha in the Soudan.
^ John O'Donovan (1809-1861), Irish scholar; obtained work in the Irish Record Office, 1826; appointed to the historical department of the Irish ordnance survey, 1829; called to the Irish bar, 1M7,. mploycd to transcribe legal manuscript-; by the roiiiiuis-ion for the puhlication of the ancient laws of Ireland, l r -: tr.m-rnbol, translated, and edited the * Anou of the Four.MH-NT 1H-1S M; published, among other works, povms and tales and a MJrammar of the Irish Language 1845.
^ Cornelius O'Duane (1533-1612). See O'Duvany.
'^ John O'Dugan, the Great (d. 1372), Irish historian and poet; belonged to a literary family, ol lambs to 0Kelly; made a pilgrimage to St. Columba's tomb and retired to a monastery on Louih Kr.i. He wrote valuable historical poems describing Ireland, the early kings of Ireland, and the kings of Leinster and Minuter.

[1] James Nichols (1786–1861), printer and theological writer; became a printer and bookseller: edited the Leeds Literary Observer (1819, 1 vol.); removing to London published Calvinism and Arminianism compared 1824: translated two volumes of Arminius's Works 1825; printed and edited Thomson's Works 1849, and Young's Complete Works 1856.

[2] John Nichols or Nicholson (d. 1538). See Lambert.

[3] John Nichols (1745–1826), printer and author; lu.-:iti lit Islin*tou and apprenticed to Will.. the younger, whoM partner be became, 17W; edited Mire,- additional volume* of Swift'sWorks 1776, 177* ami 177-*, mid William King's Work* 1776; joined David Henry in the management of the Gentleman's Magazine,* 177*. for which be wa* solely responsible f rom 179* to 1826. published his lioyal Wills 178u, a Collection of Miscellaneous Poems 17HU- a: mi.! etween 178U and 18JU bin Jnbhothffa Topographica ii vol-.i; pulillcbedBiographical Anecdote* of Higarth i 78 i, and between 180H and 1817 edited, with Steeven*, Hogarth's Genuine Work*: edited Bowyer'n Anecdote* and Miscellaneous Tract* 1786, AtU-rbury's Correspondence 1783-99, theBio graphical Dictionary 1784,. the Tatler 17M, KteeJe's r,,m-ioiiden.-,- 1788-91, The Progresses of Kliabeth; 1788-18J1, and Shakespeare Play* 1790; published between 1796 and 1816 The History and Antiquities of Leicester* (8 vols.), his most important work, and, in 1801, his alitiou of Swift's work* (19 vols.)

[4] John Bowyer Nichols (1779–1863), printer and antiquary: ?on of John NichoN; educated at St. Paul's School. London; entered his father priatI lug office, 1796; became part editor of the Gentleman Magazine and subsequently, in 18:::*, ole proprietor: printer of parliamentary proceeding" and published important county histories: wrote anl edited antiquarian and topographical works.

[5] John Gough Nichols (1806–1873), printer and antiquary: son of John Bowyer Nichols; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; entered the printing offices of his father and grandfather, 1824; joint editor of the Gentleman's Magazine 1828-61; oole editor, 1861-6; a founder of the Camdeti Society, whose volume* he printed, and many of which he edited; edited Literary Remains of Edward VI and Sir Nicholas Throckmor tonfor the Roxburgbe Club; edited the periodicals Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica 1834-43, The Topographer and Genealogist 1846-58, and The Herald and Genealogist 1863-73; published heraldic and genealogical works.

[6] Josias Nichols (1555?–1639), puritan divine; B.A. Oxford, 1574; rector of Eastwell, 1581; described as a ringleader of puritan ministers and suspended, 1584, but soon restored; deprived in consequence of his puritan writings, 1603.

[7] Philip Nichols (fl. 1647–1559), protestant writer; published a very protestant and outspoken Letter to Canon Crispyn, 1547, and other works in the same spirit.

[8] Thomas Nichols (fl. 1560), translator of Thncydides; a goldsmith: translated Thucydides from Seyssel's French version, 1560.

[9] Thomas Nichols (Jt. 1554), merchant : lived in i the Canary islands, r. 1554-61; his description of the Canary islands and Madeira included in Hakluyt's Prin; cipall Navigations 1589.

[10] William Nichols (1655–1716), Latin poet; 1LA. Christ Church, Oxford, 1677; rector of Stockport, 16941716; wrote elegant Latin elegiacs, 1711, and translated portions of the prayer-book into Latin verse,

[11] William Luke Nichols (1802–1889), antiquary; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1829; heki various charges in the English church; published Horae Romanae 1838.

[12] Alfred Nicholson (1788–1833), landscape painter; son of Francis Nicholson (1763-1844).

[13] Brinsley Nicholson (1824–1892), scholar; studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris; M.D. Edinburgh: army surgeon; nerved in Africa, China, and New Zealand: edited the first quarto of Henry the Fifth 1876, 'The Best Plays of Ben Jonson published, 189S, and Donne's poems, published, 1895.

[14] Charles Nicholson (1796–1837), flautist and composer; appointed professor of the flute at the Rpyal Academy of Music, 1822; improved the instrument and possessed some talent for composition.

[15] Francis Nicholson, (1665-1728), colonial governor; entered the army, 1678: lieutenant-governor of the colonies north of Chesapeake Bay, 1688: fled to BngbuMl when the colonists rose 1689; lieutenant-governor of Virginia: sooceerfnlly established schools ime condition of the clergy, and urged a vie.-,,,,, against Canada: governor of Maryland, 1694, of 1: tern-d against Canada, I7os; Governor South Carolina, 1719: knighted 1720: 1725: though in England, hrld nominal 5X

[16] Francis Nicholson (1650-1 731), theologian; M.A., University College, Oxford, 1673 : avowed himself a Roman catholic, 1686: joined the English Carthusians at Nleuport, 1688: subsequently lived at Lisbon and died at the ***" College; wrote on the eucharist, 1688.

[17] Francis Nicholson (1753–1844), water-colour painter; at first painted portraits, but finally devoted himself to landscape*: left Yorkshire for London. 1800: an original member of the Society of Painters in Watercolours, 1804: wrote on drawing and painting in watercolour*, 1880: changed the art from mere paper-staining with light tints to the production of depth of tone ami variety of shade and colour.

[18] George Nicholson (1760–1825), printer and author; commenced publishing chap-books at Bradford, c. 1784; published his Literary Miscellany at Manchester, r. 1797; possessed great taste and originality as a typographer; wrote on vegetarianism, education and

[19] George Nicholson (1795?–1839?), artist; exhibited at Liverpool Academy exhibitions, chiefly watercolour landscapes, 1827-38.

[20] George Nicholson (1787–1878), painter; nephew of Francis Nicholson (1753-1844)

[21] Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), biologist; Ph.D. Göttingen; BJ3c. Edinburgh, 1866: D.Sc., 187; MJX, 1869: professor of natural history, Toronto, 1871-4, of physical science in Durham College of Physical Science, 1874-5, and of natural history at St. Andrews, 1875-82; regius professor of natural history at Aberdeen, 1882-99; fellow of Geological Society, 1867; F.L.S.: F.R.S., 1897; published zoological and palaeontologlcal text-books and numerous scientific papers.

[22] Isaac Nicholson (1789–1848), wood-engraver; apprenticed to John Bewick, whose style he successfully copied.

[23] John Nicholson (d. 1538). See Lambert.

[24] John Nicholson (1730–1796), Cambridge bookseller; married Anne Watte, daughter of a Cambridge bookseller, to whose business he succeeded, 1752: nicknamed Maps; supplied undergraduates with their classbooks by subscription.

[25] John Nicholson (1781–1822), author; grandson of John Nicholson (1730-1796); published anonymooaly Pertus and Arria 1809, and Right and Wrong 1812.

[26] John Nicholson (1790–1843), the Airedale poet; a wool-sorter, who published Airedale in Ancient Times 1825; his separate poems collected in a complete edition, with biography, 1844.

[27] John Nicholson (1821–1857), brigadier-general; born in Dublin: obtained cadetahip in Bengal infantry, 1839; served In Afghanistan and (1842) took a prominent part In the defence of Ghaznl; made prisoner, but ultimately rescued by Major-general (afterward Sir) George Pollock. 1842; promoted adjutant of his regiment, 1841; accompanied the Maharajah Gulub Singh to Kashmir, 184: captain, 1848; regarded as a demi-god by the natives, a brotherhood of fakirs in Hazara originating the worship of Nlkkul Seyn. 1848: when in charge of Sind Sagar Doab, secured Attek and scoured the country on the rebellion of Mulraj. performing almost incredible marches and prodigies of valour: distinguished himself daring the second Sikh war, especially at Gujrat. 1819, and was promoted brevet-major, 1849; administrative at Bannn. 1851-6; brevet lieutenant-general, 1864: was promoted brigadier-general on the outbreak of the mutiny, and commander of the Punjab movable column: disarmed suspected sepoy regiments: btfesjmpted tinnmtiiKvrs who were hastening to Delhi, mid destroy.-.! I them at Trimmu Gaunt at the Ravi river; he arrive I 1 at Delhi 14 Aug. 1857; captured thirteen guns and the camp equipment of the enemy. who were manoeuvering to get at the British rear, 25 Aug. 1857: commanded the main storming party in the assault on Delhi, 14 Sept. I8S7- was shot through the chest and died a few days later.

[28] John Nicholson (1777–1866), publisher, of Kirkcudbright; brother of William Nicholson (17827-1849); antiquary and local historian.

[29] Joshua Nicholson (1812–1885), silk manufacturer and philanthropist; partner in J. & J. Brough, Nicholson fc Co.; built the Nicholson Institute at Leek, 1884, and endowed it for ten. years.

[30] Sir Lothian Nicholson (1827–1893), general; entered Woolwich, 1844; first lieutenant, 1847; second captain, 1856: served in the-Crimea: brevet major, 1855: present at the final siege of Lucknow; promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1858: C.B., 1859; brevet colonel, 1866: major-general, 1877: lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1878-1883: lieutenant-general, 1881; K.C.B., 1887: appointed governor of Gibraltar, 1891: died at Gibraltar,

[31] Margaret Nicholson (1750?–1828), assailant of George III; a housemaid who (1786) attempted to stab George III with a dessert-knife; certified insane and sent to Bedlam: burlesque verses written on her by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Thomas Jefferson Hogg, 1810.

[32] Michael Angelo Nicholson (d. 1842), architectural draughtsman; son of Peter Nicholson: invented the inverted trammel for drawing ellipses; pub1 lished professional works and exhibited at the Royal Academy.

[33] Peter Nicholson (1765–1844), mathematician and architect; opened an evening school for mechanics in i Soho set up as an architect at Glasgow, 1800; removed to Carlisle, 1806, and to Newcastle, 1829; devoted his life : to improving the mechanical processes of building: formulated rules for finding sections of prisms, cylinders, or cylindroids, invented the centrolinead, and claimed to i have invented a method for obtaining rational roots and approximating to the irrational roots of an equation of any order; published many useful works on architecture and mathematics.

[34] Renton Nicholson (1809–1861), known as the Lord Chief Baron; finally became editor of a society journal and a sporting paper; opened the Garrick's Head, London, 1841, and there established the Judge and Jury Society, where he presided as lord chief baron over humorous trials; subsequently removed his court to 103 Strand: wrote on boxing, and was proprietor and editor of Illustrated London Life 1843.

[35] Richard Nicholson (d. 1639), musician; Mus. Bac. Oxford, 1596; organist, Magdalen College, Oxford, c. 1596; first professor of music at Oxford, 1626; composed madrigals.

[36] Samuel Nicholson (fl. 1600–1602), poet and divine; M.A. Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1602; his 'Acolastus his After- Witte 1600, interesting from its plagiarisms from Shakespeare's and other works; published a devotional treatise, 1602.

[37] Thomas Joseph Nicholson (1645–1718), first vicar-apostolic of Scotland: regent, Glasgow University; became a Roman catholic, 1682: missionary to Scotland. 1687; imprisoned for a short time, 1688 and 1697; consecrated bishop of Peristachium and first vicar-general of Scotland, 1695.

[38] William Nicholson (1591–1672), bishop of Gloucester; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1615; master of Croydon free school, 1616-29; rector of Llandilo-Vawr, 1626; archdeacon of Brecon, 1644; kept a school in Carmarthenshire in partnership with Jeremy Taylor and William Wyatt; bishop of Gloucester, 1661-72; published expositions of the catechism and apostles creed, and an analysis of the Psalms; published Apology for the Discipline of the Ancient Church 1669.

[39] William Nicholson (1753-1815), man of scienoe and inventor: sailed under the East India Company, 17tJ'J-7G; settled in London and engaged in MkoUflo studies; invented (c. 1789) an ingenious aerometer, which bore his mum-, and was long usnl in lalH.ratoriea; acted as a patent agent, and himself patented a cylindrical machine for printing ou linen and other articles, 1790, which was never u-.-d: -ketch.-d arrangements for the water supply of Portsmouth and i-;rt. and became engineer to the company; brought out a Dictionary of Practical and Theoretical Chemistry 1808: edited Nicholson'sJournal ol Natural I'hilosophy 1797-1816, and wrote and translated many books on chemistry and natural philosophy.

[40] William Nicholson (1781–1844), portrait-painter and etcher; exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy, 1808-22; removed to Edinburgh, 1814; miniaturist and painter in oils, but chiefly successful with water-colour portraits: etched a few of his own and other paintersportraits, and exhibited at Scottish exhibitions: instrumental in the formation of the Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, 1826.

[41] William Nicholson (1782?–1849), the Galloway poet; a pedlar who was encouraged by Hogg and Dr. Alexander Murray (1775-1813); published Tales in Verse and Miscellaneous Poems 1814; visited London to preach universal redemption, 1826.

[42] William Nicholson (1816–1866), Australian statesman and father of the ballot went out from England to Melbourne, 1841; elected to the city council, 1848; alderman and mayor, 1860; elected to the mixed legislative council for North Bourke, 1862; moved a resolution in favour of the ballot, 1855; unsuccessful in constructing a cabinet, but his scheme, ultimately the Australian ballot accepted; visited England, 1856; premier of Victoria, 1869; endeavoured to settle the Victoria land question.

[43] William Adams Nicholson (1803–1853), architect; articled to John Buonarotti Papworth; established himself at Lincoln, 1828, and acquired extensive practice; original F.R.I.B.A.

[44] Sir Robert Nickle (1786–1855), major-general; entered the army, 1799; lieutenant, 1802; captain, 1809; served through the Peninsular war; in America, 1814; entered Paris, 1815; brevet major, 1819; lieutenantcolonel, 1825; served in Canada, 1838; K.H.; brevet colonel, 1848; major-general, 1851; appointed commander of the Australian forces, 1853; died at Melbourne.

[45] John Nickolls (1710?–1745), antiquary; merchant; collected prints of heads: acquired original letters formerly possessed by Milton, which he published. 1743; F.S.A., 1740.

[46] Mrs Nicol (d. 1834?), actress; a housekeeper who became an actress; appeared first at Edinburgh, 1806; retired, 1834; excelled in old-women roles.

[47] Alexander Nicol (fl. 1739–1766), Scottish poet; teacher of English at Aberuyte; his poems collected, 1766.

[48] Emma Nicol (1801–1877), actress; daughter of Mrs. Nicol; played at Edinburgh, 1808-24; appeared in London and the smaller Scottish towns after 1824; in Edinburgh, 1834-62, devoting herself to old-women roles.

[49] James Nicol (1769–1819), poet; was minister of Traquair, 1802; contributed to magazines; published two volumes of poems, 1805.

[50] James Nicol (1810–1879), geologist; son of James Nicol (1769-1819); studied at Edinburgh, Bonn, and Berlin; professor of geology, Queen's College, Cork, 1849, and at Aberdeen, 1863-78; F.G.S. and F.RAE., 1847; published handbooks on mineralogy, 1849 and 1868, and wrote on the geology of Scotland, 1844 and 1866; discovered the true relations of the rock-masses in the complicated region of the highlands.

[51] John Nicol or Nicoll (fl. 1590–1667), diarist; writer to the signet; compiled a diary iu two vols. from 1637 to 1649 and 1660 to 1657, prefixing an introduction on earlier Scottish history. Vol. i. has beeu lost, but vol. ii. (1660-7) wo* printed by the Banuntyne Club,

[52] William Nicol (1744–1797), friend of Burns; stndiM th.-ology and medicine at Edinburgh; classical nuwter at Edinburgh High School; Bunu WM his guest, 1787 and 1789, aud they visitod the highlands together.

[53] Nicolas Breakspear, Pope Adrian IV (d. 1169). See Adrian.

[54] Granville Toup Nicolas (d. 1894), navy captain; son of John Toup Nicolas; entered navy, 1848; engaged in suppression of Taipig insurrection; retired as captain, 1882.

[55] John Toup Nicolas (1788–1861), rear-admiral : brother of Sir Nicholas Harris Nlcolac; entered navy, 1799; lieutenant, 1804; commander. 1809; served in the Mediterranean: C.B. aud post captain, 1816; K.H., 1834; rear-admiral, 18SU.

[56] Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1799–1848), antiquary; entered navy, 1808; lieutenant, 1816; put on half-pay, 1818; F.S.A., 1824-8; barrister, Inner Temple, 1825; many desirable reforms produced by bis attacks ou the record commission, the Society of Antiquaries, aud the British Museum; K.H., 1831; G.O.M.G., 1840; died at Boulogne. He compiled or edited many valuable works, amongst others,The Life of William Davieon 1823, Notitia Historica 1824 (Improved edition,Chronology of History 1833),Synopsis of the Peerage of England 1826,Testamenta Vetnsta 1826,Literary Remains of Lady Jane Grey 1826,The Battle of Agincourt 1827,The Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy 1832, Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council, 1886-1642Despatches and Letters of Lord Nelson 1844-6,History of Royal Navy 1847, and Memoirs of Sir Christopher Hatton 1847.

[57] Sir William Nicolay (1771–1842), colonial administrator; second lieutenant, 1788; present at Seringapatam, 1792, and Pondicherry, 1793; captain, 1798; major, 1801; served at Waterloo: C.H., 1816: governor of Dominica, 1824-31, of Antigua, 1831-2, of Mauritius, 1832-40; lieutenant-general, 1837; K.C.H.

[58] Alexander Nicoll (1793–1838), orientalist; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1814; regius professor of Hebrew and canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1822-8; D.C.L., 1822; made catalogues of the oriental manuscripts at the Bodleian Library, of which he was a sublibrarian,

[59] Anthony Nicoll or Nicolls (1611–1669), parliamentarian; nephew of John Pym; M.P. for Bodmin in the Long parliament; joined the presbyterian members; several charges being preferred against him, was ordered into restraint, 1647; escaped; the orders against him revoked by the presbyterian*, 1647; master of the armouries, 1648; M.P., Cornwall, 1654-5, Bossiuey, 1640: sheriff of Cornwall, 1657.

[60] Francis Nicoll (1770–1835), Scottish divine; M.A. Aberdeen, 1789; minister of Mains, 1799-1819; D.D. St. Andrews, 1807; minister of St. Leonard's, Fife, 1819-24; principal of 8k Leonard's and St. Salvator's, St. Andrews, 1819, and rector of the university, 1822.

[61] Robert Nicoll (1814–1837), poet; wrote for Tait's Magazine; opened a circulating library at Dundee; became editor of the Leeds Times 1836: a strong radical; published poems, 1836, the best being his lyrics in the Scottish dialect.

[62] Whitlock Nicoll (1786–1838), physician: M.R.C.S., 1809; M.D. Aberdeen, 1816; chief work, Cerebral Structures in Infants 1821; wrote also on theology.

[63] Sir Augustine Nicolls or Nicholls (1569-1616), judge; reader at the Middle Temple, 1608; serjeant-at-law, 1603; justice of common pleas, 161S; knighted, 1612; chancellor to Charles, prince of Wales, 1616.

[64] Benedict Nicolls (d. 1433), bishop of St. David's; bishop of Bangor, 1408-18; a trier of petitions, 1414 and 1429; bishop of St. David's, 1418-33; founded a chantry at St. David's.

[65] Ferdinando Nicolls (1598–1662), presbyterian divine; M.A., Magdalen College, Oxford, i.:vi: r-.-ior of I ,;.,-,, -:.-. v;.:..i: Dranahire commissioner for the ejection of scandalous ministers, 1664: ejected,, 1661; published Life of Ignatius Jourdain 1664.

[66] Sir Francis Nicolls, first baronet (1585–1642), nephew of Sir Augustine Nicolls; entered the Middle Temple, 1601; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1619; i sheriff of the county, 1631: secretary to the elector 1640; created baronet, 1641.

[67] Sir Jasper Nicolls (1778–1849), lieutenant-general; gasettoi 179J: lieutenant, 1794: captain, 1799:. went to India, 1801: major, 1804: distinguished himself at the assault of Buenos Ayres, 1807; lieutenant-colonel, 1807; present at Oorufta (medal): quartermaster-general. 1811; colonel, 1814: distinguished himself in the conquest of Camoan, 1814-16: major-general, 1821: created K.O.B. for his brilliant services at Bhurtpore, 1825; lieutenant-general, 1837: commauder-in-chiet in Madras, 1838; transferred to Bengal, 1889; resigned, 1843.

[68] Mathias Nicolls (1630?–1687), jurist; barrister; secretary of the province of New Netherlands, 1664, compiling the Duke's Laws the first code of lawn in New York: mayor of New York, 1672; first judge of (be common pleas, New York; died in America.

[69] Richard Nicolls (1624–1672), first English governor of New York; the civil Northumbria and to have been slain by his brother Sitric; the Irish chroniclers do not mention him.

[70] Nigel (d. 1169), bishop of Ely and statesman ; nephew of Roger, bishop of Salisbury; educated by Anselm at Laon; prebendary of St. Paul's, London: consecrated bishop of Ely, 1133, and was thenthe king's treasurer; restored several estates to the see; raised Stephen's suspicions and fortified Ely, which was taken (1139) by Stephen; fled to Matilda, but, realising the hopelessness of her cause, submitted, and was restored, 1142; accused of connivance in Geoffrey de Mandeville's revolt, and obliged to purchase his peace. On Henry H's accession Nigel was called upon to reinstate Henry I's official system, and was also presiding justiciar in the curia regis.

[71] Nigel called Wireker (fl. 1190), satirist; monk of Christ Church, Canterbury; best-known work, Speculum Stultorum in which the vices and corruption of society and the religious orders are satirised; wrote also Contra Curiales et Officiates Olericos

[72] Ralph Niger (fl. 1170), historian and theologian : educated at Paris; supported Thomas a Becket; accused before Henry II and fled into exile; in addition to theological works wrote two chronicles, which contain only borrowed notices of English affairs.

[73] William Nicolls (1667–1723), jurist; son of Mathias Nicolls: went to America and became clerk of Queen's County, New York, 1683; imprisoned for opposing Jacob Leister's usurpation in New York; member for Suffolk County, New York, 1702, and speaker, 1701-18.

[74] Thomas Nicols (fl. 1659), writer on gems; studied at Jesus College, Cambridge; wrote a curious work on precious stones, published thrice, each time with a different title.

[75] Alexander Nicolson (1827–1893), Gaelic scholar; B.A., Edinburgh, 1850; hon. MJU 1869 : took to called to the Scottish bar, 1860; assistant of Scottish education, 1865; sheriff -substitute of Kirkcudbright, 1872, of Greenock, 1886; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1880; revised the Gaelic bible and collected Gaelic proverbs.

[76] William Nicolson (1855–1727), divine and antiquary; M.A. Queen's College. Oxford, 1679; fellow, 16791681; visited Leipzig to learn German and the northern languages of Europe; prebendary of Carlisle, 1681; archdeacon of Carlisle, 1682: bishop of Carlisle, 1702; involved by his impetuosity as bishop in perpetual strife; formed a collection of manuscripts and contributed to antiquarian works; translated to the bishopric of Derry, 1718, to the archbishopric of Cashel and Emly, 1717; did not live to take charge of the archbishopric. m ptVH I.TI-:*!.iii lur HH j.n-s.TViitmii of nfli.-ial documents, for which purpose he built special rooms at Deny. His chief work consbts of theHistorical part published, 1696, 1697, and 169, 1. 1714; entire work republished, 1732 y. In 1706 he brought out Leges Marchiarum, or Border Laws (republished, 1747).

[77] James Nield (1744–1814). See Neild.

[78] Roger Niger or Le Noir (d. 1241), bishop of London; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1192: arch, l " 2JL51IS deacon of Colchester, 1218; elected bishop of London, from the Kennebec to the Hudson, 1664; on the SSS I &*!$ toSfrSSLS rSSeTwS? *nds, 1664, retainal Dutch officials where SSlSJS oWoiS i of pillaging the Romans, 1232; dedicated the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1240.

[79] Joseph Nightingale (1775–1824), miscellaneous writer; became a Wesleyan methodist, 1796; was a schoolmaster and became a Unitarian, 1804; exposed to criticism by his Portraiture of Methodism 1807; returned to methodism, 1824; wrote on history, religion, stenography, and topography.

[80] Sir Miles Nightingall (1768–1829), lieutenant-general; entered the army, 1787; present at Seringapatam, 1792, and Pondicherry, 1793; captain, 1794; major and lieutenant-colonel before 1797; quartermaster-general in Bengal, 1803; present (1808) at Roleia and Vimeiro, and (1811) at Fuentes d'Onoro (medals); major-general, 1810; commander-in-chief in Java, 1813-15; lieutenant-general, 1814; K.C.B., 1815.

[81] Alexander Nimmo (1783–1832), civil engineer; of St. Andrews and Edinburgh Universities; originally a schoolmaster; commissioner to fix the county boundaries of Scotland; engineer of the western district of Ireland, where he reclaimed waste land and built bridges and harbours; P.R.S.; member of the Institute of British Architects.

[82] James Nimmo (1654–1709), covenanter; was among the defeated at Bothwell Bridge, 1679; ultimately fled to Holland, but (1688) returned to Scotland, and was appointed to the customs.

[83] Nimrod (pseudonym). See Charles James Apperley–1779–1843.

[84] John Edmund Niemann (1813–1876), landscape-painter; exhibited in London and the provinces.

[85] David Nieto (1654-1728), Jewish theologian; Venice: came to London, 1701, as rabbi to the and Portuguese Jews: published theoloirirail

[86] Nigel called the Dane (d. 911?), reputed king of Deira; said by the English chroniclers to have ruled in Northumbria

[87] Ninian or Ninias, Saint (d. 432?), apostle of Christianity in North Britain; a Briton who made a pilgrimage to Rome; trained at Rome; consecrated bishop, establishing his episcopal seat at Whithorn, where he built a stone church dedicated to St. Martin of Tours, and commonly called Candida Oasa: evangelised the southern Picte; Baeda and Ailred of Rievaulx give accounts of him.

[88] Nisbet

[89] Alexander Nisbet (1667–1725), heraldic writer: educated at Edinburgh for the law; devoted himself to heraldry and antiquities; chief work, System of Heraldry 1722.

[90] Charles Nisbet (1736–1804), Scottish divine; educated at Edinburgh University; called to the charge of Montrose, 1764; advocated the cause of the American colonies; appointed (1785) principal of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he died.

[91] John Nisbet (1627?–1685), covenanter; took an active and prominent part iu the strugglci, of the covenantors for civil and religious liberty; wounded and left for dead at Pentland, 1666; fought as captain at Bothwell Bridge, 1679; seized and executed as a rebel.

[92] Sir John Nisbet (1609?–1687), lord-advocate; admitted advocate, 1633; sheriff -depute of the county of Edinburgh, 1639; defended Moutrose, 1641; appointed lord-advocate and raised to the bench as Lord inrltii, 1664; severely persecuted the covenanters; commissioner for the union of the two kingdoms, 1670; forced to resign position of lord advocate, 1677.

[93] William Nisbet (fl. 1787–1805), medical writer; F.R.C.S. of Edinburgh; wrote on venereal diseases, 1787, on scrofula and cancer, 1796; published The Clinical Guide 1793, and a General Dictionary of Chemistry 1806.

[94] Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett (1812?–1858), actress; the daughter of one Macnamara, who acted under the name Mordaunt; began to act as Miss Mordaunt at Greenwich, 1826; played in the provinces till i 1829; married John Alexander Nisbett, 1831, but returned to the stage (1832) in consequence of her husband's sudden death and his affairs being put into chancery; acted in various London theatres; married Sir William I Boothby, 1844; again returned to the stage after liis death, 1846; retired, 1851; a charming actress in comedy.

[95] Nithsdale, fifth Earl of (1676–1744). See William Maxwell.

[96] Countess of Nithsdale (d. 1749). See Winifred Maxwell.

[97] Lord of Nithsdale (d. 1392?). See William Douglas.

[98] Richard Nix or Nykke (1447?–1535), bishop of Norwich: studied at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (LL.D.), Oxford, and Bologna; prebendary of Wells, 1489; archdeacon of Exeter, 1492; archdeacon of Well?, 1494; prebendary of York, 1494; canon of Windsor, 1497: dean of the Chapel Royal, London, 1497; bishop of Norwich, 1501-35: belonged to the old catholic party; opposed to Henry VIII's divorce, and to the reformers; fined for infringing the Act of Pnemunire, 1534; swore to recognise royal supremacy, 1534.

[99] Anthony Nixon (fl. 1602), pamphleteer and poet; was the author of miscellaneous prose pamphlets, vitlj scraps of original timl translated verse interspersed.

[100] Francis Russell Nixon (1803–1879), bishop of Tasmania; son of Robert Nixon (1759-1837): of Merchant Taylors School, London: probationary fellow St. John's College, Oxford, 1827; M.A., 1841; D.D., 1842; held various preferments; consecrated first bishop of Tasmania, 1842; returned to England, 1863; rector of Bolton Percy, 1863-6: died at Lago Maggiore; published miscellaueous works.

[101] James Nixon (1741?–1812), miniature-painter; limner to the Prince of Wales and miniature-painter to the Duchess of York; exhibited in London (1765-1805) portraits of theatrical and other celebrities; A.R.A., 1778.

[102] John Nixon (d. 1818), amateur artist and merchant; exhibited landscapes and caricatures, 1784-1815.

[103] John Nixon (1815–1899), pioneer of steam-coal trade in South Wales; apprenticed as mining engineer at Garesfield; employed on coal and iron field at Languin, near Nantes; perceived advantages of Welsh coal for furnaces, and induced French government to make trial of it; sank mine at Werfa, and gradually, in association with others, acquired and made many collieries in South Wales; introduced important improvements in mining methods.

[104] Robert Nixon (fl. 1620?), the 'Cheshire prophet'; an idiot inspired at intervals to deliver oracular prophecies (first published by John Oldmixon, 1714).

[105] Robert Nixon (1759–1837), painter, brother of John Nixon (d. 1818); graduated at Christ Church, Oxford. 1780: B.D., 1780: curate of Foot Oray, 1784-1804: exhibited painting* at the Royal Academy, 1790-1818.

[106] Samuel Nixon (1803–1854), sculptor; exhibited at tin- Uoyal Academy, 1826: executed the sculptural decoration* of the Goldsmith Hall. L,-. cipal work the statue of William IV in King William Street, London.

[107] Henry Minchin Noad ~(1815-1877), electrician; studied chemistry and electricity under Hofmann; professor of chemistry at St. George's Hospital, Loudon, 1847; Knino.1 the Astley Cooper prize, 1861; consulting chemist to W.-lsl, ironworks; F.RA, 1856; wrote on electricity and chemistry.

[108] John Noake (1816–1894), antiquary; edited Worcester newspapers; sheriff, 1878, mayor and alderman, 1879, and magistrate, 1882. of Worcester, wrote on the history and antiquities of Worcester.

[109] Robert Nobbes (1652–1706?), writer on angling; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1676; vicar of Apcthorpe, 1676-90, of Sausthorpe, 1702-6; hi* Compleat Troller 1682, frequently reprinted.

[110] George Hunn Nobbs (1799–1884), missionary and chaplain of Pitcairn island; entered the navy, 1811; joined the patriot* of South America, 1816; captured by Spaniards, 1817; made several voyages to Sierra Leone, 1823: settled on Pitcairn island, 1828; ordained, 1852; subsequently removed with the Islanders to Norfolk Island, where he died.

[111] George Noble (fl. 1795–1806), line-engraver; brother of William Bonueau Noble; engraved for Boydell's Shakespeare 1802, and Bowyer's Hume 1806.

[112] James Noble (1774–1851), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1787; served in Mediterranean; lieutenant, 1796; distinguished himself at Loano, 1796, and St. Vincent, 1797; promoted commander, 1796: post-captain, 1802; rear-admiral, 1837; vice-admiral, 184ti.

[113] John Noble (1827–1892), politician and writer on public finance; supported the Auti-Cornlaw league, manhood suffrage, and municipal reform in London; secretary of the County Council Union, 1889; wrote on financial reform.

[114] Mark Noble (1754–1827), biographer; abandoned the law for the church; incumbent of Baddesley Clinton and Packwood, 1781; rector of Banning, 178;: 1781; produced, among other works, Memoirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell 1784, The Lives of the English Regicides 1798, and continued James Granger's Biographical History of England 1806; his numerous manuscripts sold, 1827.

[115] Matthew Noble (1818–1876), sculptor; studied under John Francis (1780-1861): exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1845-76; executed chiefly busts.

[116] Richard Noble (1684–1713), criminal; an attorney who became intimate with Mary, daughter of Admiral John Nevell and wife of one John Bayer; subsequently killed Sayer, the husband, and was executed.

[117] Samuel Noble (1779–1853), engraver and minister of thenew church brother of William Bonneau Noble: a skilful architectural engraver; minister of Cross Street congregation, London, 1819; bis view that Christ's body was not resuscitated, but dissipated in the grave and replaced by a new divine frame, controverted by John Clowes and Robert Hindmarsu; published an Appeal on behalf of the... Doctrines... held by the ... New Church 1826, and other theological works.

[118] William Bonneau Noble (1780–1881), landscape-painter in water-colours: brother of Samuel Noble ; taught drawing and exhibited water-colour paintings of Welsh scenery, 1809 and 1811.

[119] William Henry Noble (1834–1892), major-general, royal artillery; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1869; lieutenant, 1856; captain, 1866: major, 1875; lieutenant-colonel, 1882; brevet-colonel, 1886: served as associate-member of the ordnance select committee for carrying out balistic and other experiments in scientific gunnery: the manufacture of cordite largely due to his reeearrhe?: ecrved in the Afghan war, 1876-8; major-general, 1889: F.R.S.

[120] '^ Peter Nobys (fl.–1520-1523), master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M. A. Cambridge, 1504; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1603; rector of Landbeach, 1116: master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 117; visited Borne, 1619; resigned his masterahip and benefice, 1698.

[121] Frederick P. Nodder (d. 1800?), botanic painter and engraver: supplied illustrations to various botanical works; exhibited, 1786-1800.

[122] Sir Andrew Noel (d. 1607), sheriff of Rutland ; brother of Henry Noel; sheriff of Rutland, 1587, 1696, and 1600; M.P., Rutland, 1586, 1588, and 1693; knighted, 1686.

[123] Baptist Noel, second Baron Noel of Ridlington and third Viscount Campden and Baron Hicks of Ilmington (1611-1682), son of Edward Noel, second Viscount Campden; knight of the shire for Rutland In both Short and Long parliaments; captain, and promoted colonel in the royal troops, 1643; taken prisoner, 1646; released, 1646; his estates sequestered, but his fine reduced from 19,568. to 11,078*. 17*.; lord-lieutenant of Rutland, 1660, and J.P., 1661.

[124] Baptist Wriothesley Noel (1798–1873), divine; brother of Gerard Thomas Noel; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A n 1821; took orders and became evangelical minister of St. John's Chapel, Bedford Row, London: became a baptist, 1848; minister of John Street Baptist Chapel, London, 1849-68; published controversial pamphlets and devotional works.

[125] Edward Noel , first Baron Noel of Ridlington and second Viscount Campde (1582-1643), son of Sir Andrew Noel; knighted when serving in the Irish wars, 1609; created baronet, 1611; master of the game in LyfleJd Forest, 1614; created Baron Noel of Ridlington, 1617; commissioner for collecting subsidies, 1624; suchis father-in-law as second Baron Hicks and Vis count Oampden, 1629: assisted the attempts to levy shipmoney, 16*6; one of the council of peers at York, 1639; raised a regiment of horse for Charles I.

[126] Gerard Thomas Noel (1782–1851), divine; brother of Baptist Wriothesley Noel; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1808; vicar of Romsey, 1840, where he restored the abbey church; honorary canon of Winchester, 1834; published sermons and hymns.

[127] Henry Noel (d. 1597), courtier; brother of Sir Andrew Noel; a gentleman-pensioner of Queen Elizabeth; admitted M.A. Oxford, 1592; notorious for his extraragance.

[128] Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel (1834-1894), poet; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 8: groom of the privy chamber to Queen Victoria, 1867-71; published poetry and miscellaneous works; died at Mainz.

[129] Thomas Noel (1799-1861), poet; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1824: corresponded with Miss Mitford; wrote the song, Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep and other verses.

[130] William Noel (1695–1762), judge; barrister, the Inner Temple, 1721; MJ., Stamford, 1722-47, West Loot-, 1747-57: K.C., 1738; chief-justice of Chester, 1749; justice of the common pleas, 1767.

[131] Henry Noel-Fearn (1811-1868). See Christmas.

[132] James Noke or Nokes (d. 1692?), actor; became an actor, 1669; represented the Duke of NorSuThi 4 Henry VIII to Charles II admiration, c. 1663; acted the Nurse so succcessfully in Nevil Payne's Fatal Jealousy that he was known as Nurse Nokes.

[133] Frederick Nolan (1784-1864), divine; studied Oxford (D.C.L., 1828) lecturer theological works and

[134] Lewis Edward Nolan (1820?–1854), captain, 15th hussars, and writer on cavalry; entered the army, 1839; purchased his lieutenancy, 1841, and his troop, 1850; served in India, and at Balaclava, 1854, carried the order which, owing to a misunderstanding, resulted in the charge of the light brigade, and was shot while endeavouring to divert the brigade. He wrote onCavalry 1851, and Cavalry Horses 1861 (published posthumously).

[135] Michael Nolan (d. 1827), legal author; barrister, Lincoln's Inn. 1792; M.P., Barnstaple, 1820-6: introduced Poor Law Reform bills, 1822-3-4; justice of Brecon, Glamorgan, and Radnor, 1824; wrote on poor laws and edited reports

[136] Joseph Nollekens (1737–1823), sculptor ; son of Joseph Francis Nollekens; placed in the studio of Peter Scheemakere; gained three prizes for claymodelling: started for Rome, 1760; met Garrick and Sterne at Rome and executed busts of both; employed as an agent in the collection of antiques; subsequently speculated successfully on the Stock Exchange; returned to England, 1770; contributed to the Royal Academy, 1771-1816: R.A., 1772; married (1772) Mary, daughter of Sauuders Welch, a friend of Dr. Johnson, who seconded her husband's economies; became partially paralysed and sank into a state of senile imbecility during his later years. Besides busts of all the important people of the day, his work as sculptor of monuments was considerable, and his Veuuses were greatly admired.

[137] Joseph Francis Nollekens (1702–1748), painter; commonly called Old Nollekens; born at Antwerp; studied under Watteau and Paniui, whose works he copied on coming to London, 1733; painted conversation pieces.

[138] Non Fendigaid, i.e. the Blessed (fl. 550?), mother of St. David; was, according to Ricemarchus, a nun violated by Sant, king of Cardiganshire.

[139] Hugh de Nonant (d. 1198), bishop of Lichfleld and Coventry, or Chester; brought up by his maternal uncle, Arnulf, bishop of Lisieux, who gave him preferment; entered the service of Thomas Becket before 1164, but by 1170 became clerk and friend of Henry II; successfully carried out a mission to the pope, 1184, and was made bishop of Lichfield and Coventry or Chester, as it was then styled, 1185; sent on a second mission to the pope, 1186; abroad with Henry II, 1188; involved in a quarrel with his monks at Coventry; expelled his monks, 1190, who were, however, restored, 1198; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, 1189, though Archbishop Baldwin objected to a bishop holding such a post: continued to hold the post of sheriff in the interest of Earl John; one of Longchamp's opponents, writing an account of his fall; made his way to Germany during Richard I's captivity, 1193; retired to Normandy, and died at Bee.

[140] John Noorthouck (1746?–1816), author; indexmaker and press-corrector: published History of London 1773, and An Historical and Classical Dictionary 1776.

[141] Norbury, first Earl of (1745–1831). See John Toler.

[142] Daniel Norcome (1676–1647?), musician; instrumentalist at Brussels; wrote a madrigal.

[143] William Norcott (1770?–1820?), Irish satirist; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1795; LL.D., 1806; called to the Irish bar, 1797; wrote poetical satires which appeared in Dublin after the union; given an appointment in Malta, c. 1815; fled from Malta and lived in destitution at Constantinople, becoming a. Mohammedan; recanted his Mohammedanism, and was captured while attempting to escape and beheaded.

[144] Frederick Lewis Norden (1708–1742), traveller and artist; born at GlUckstadt; lieutenant in the Danish navy, 1732; sent to study shipbuilding in Holland, Italy, and Egypt; came to London, 1740: present at siege of Carthagena, 1741; F.R.S., 1741; published accounts of Egypt and Nubia; died at Paris.

[145] John Norden (fl. 1600), devotional author; M.A. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1572; published devotional works.

[146] John Norden (1548–1625?), topographer; the first to design a complete scries of county histories; prevented by pecuniary difficulties from currying B dedpj published Middlesex 1593, an.l HtfMdlhl 1598; (wished in iimnustTipt Eiwx, Northampton, inruwall, Kent, an. I Snrrcv; i;rvi-vor of crown wood.-*, 180U; surveyor tot he dnrhy of Cornwall, 10U5; Hiirvr,-,i Wimlnor and Mlghboarhood. lr.u7: published -,-,-. cerning Crown Land- and VixNln,* 1618; vnirravnt:i num. ber of maps, in which roads were indicate! for; time; one of hb maps depicts Loin Ion in Shakespeare's time

[147] Earls of Norfolk 1 'Sw MMWIIRAY, TnnM*I first DUKK, 1366-1399; Mi.wi-.uiy. JOB*. -i-,-,,i,,i DtJKJL 1389-1432; MOWUKAY. J..HX, third DI:KK, 1415-1461; RICHARD, first DUKK of the second creatioii, 1472-1483; HOWARD, JOHN, first DUKK (of the Howanl line), 1430i1486; HOWARD, THOMAS, second DUKK, 1443-1524; HOWARD, THOMAS, third DUKK, 1473-1554; HOWARD, THOMAS, fourth DUKK, 1536-1572; HOWARD, II sixth DUKE, 1628-1684; HOWARD, Henry, rot-nth JJI-HK. 1656-1701; HOWARD, CHARLES, tenth DUKK, 1720-1786; HOWARD, OHARLKH, eleventh DUKE, 1746-1815; HOWARD, UKRNARU EDWARD, twelfth DUKK, 1766-1842; HOWARD HENRY CHARI.KS, thirteenth DUKE, 1791-1866: HOWARD, HENRY UHANVILLK FITZALAN-. fourteenth DUKK, 18151860.

[148] Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk (1494–1558). See Elizabeth Howard.

[149] Earls of Norfolk See GUADKII or WAI.KK, Ralph ft. 1070; Bicon, HUGH, first EARI., d. 1176 or 1177; BIOOD, ROGKR, second EARL,. 1221; BH;OI BoCUDL fourth HAKI.... 1270: BIUOD, ROOKR fifth EARL 1245-1306; THOMAS OF BROTHKRTOX, 1300-1338.

[150] William Norford (1715–1793), medical writer; surgeon at Halesworth and Bury St. Edmunds; wrote on cancer, intestinal obstruction, and intermittent fevers.

[151] Edward Norgate (d. 1650), illuminer and herald-painter; son of Robert Norgate; Blue-mantle pursuivant, 1616; illumined royal patents and wrote letters to foreign sovereigns: Windsor herald, 1633; clerk of the signet, 1638; attended Charles I to Scotland, 1639 and 1640; employed as an art connoisseur to purchase pictures.

[152] Robert Norgate (d. 1587), master of 'corpus Christ! College, Cambridge: B.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1565; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; MA., 1568; D.D., 1581; master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1673-87, vice-chancellor, 1684; received preferment from Archbishop Parker, whose library he preserved for the college.

[153] Thomas Starling Norgate (1772–1869), miscellaneous writer: entered at Lincoln's Inn; established ( 1830) the East Anglian (weekly newspaper),

[154] Thomas Starling Norgate (1807–1893), translator; son of Thomas Starling Norgate ( 1772-1869) q. v.: B.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1832; rector of Sparham, 1840; published blank- verse translations of Homer.

[155] John William Norie (1772–1843), writer on navigation; published naval books and charts. Navigation House the business in which he succeeded William Heather, is mentioned in Charles Dickens's Dombey and Son

[156] George Warde Norman (1793–1882), writer on finance; merchant in the Norway timber trade till 1830; a director of the Bank of England, 1821-72; a member of the committee of the treasury at the bank, 1840: an exchequer bill commissioner, 1831-76; an original member of the Political Economy Club; wrote on currency and taxation.

[157] John Norman (1491?–1553?), Cistercian; B.A. Cambridge, 1614; abbot of Bindon, c. 1523-38.

[158] John Norman (1622–1669), presbyterian divine; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1641; presbyteriau vicar of Bridgwater, 1647; ejected, 1662; imprisoned for preaching; published Cases of Conscience practically resolved posthumous, 1673.

[159] Robert Norman (fl. 1590), mathematical instrument maker; wrote on the compass.

[160] Normanby, first Duke of (1648–1731). See John Sheffield.

[161] Marquises of Normanby -.i -i . 8e8inarriKi ..,,..

[162] Alphone René le Mire de Normandy (1809-1864), chemist; born at Rouen; studied medirii* 1 Inmself u, chemistry; patentee tor l33bk to tilling sea-water for drinking, wucn is still used; wrote on chemical analysis.

[163] Simon Normannus (rf. 1J49). See Simon Cantelupe.

[164] Thomas de Normanville (1256-1295), judge; governor of Bamborough Castle and king's escheator bryond the Trent, 1276; justice in eyre in Nottinghamshire and Lancashire, 1286; summoned to council at Westminster, 1288; held pleasde quo warranto 1391.

[165] Antony Norris (1711–1786), antiquary; of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge: barrister, Middle Temple, 1735; compiled a history of the eastern part of Norfolk, and Norfolk pedigrees.

[166] Catherine Maria Norris (d. 1767). See Fisher.

[167] Charles Norris (1779–1858), artist; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; issued three numbers of Architectural Antiquities of Wales 1810-11, and An Historical Account of Tenby 1818, with plates by himself.

[168] Sir Edward Norris (d. 1603), governor of Ostend; son of Sir Henry Norris, baron Norris of Rycote; lieutenant to Sir Philip Sidney in Holland; knighted at Utrecht by Leicester, 1586; quarrelled with Count Hohenlohe, 1586: deputy-governor of Ostend, 1588; accompanied Drake to Portugal, and wounded at Burgos, 1589; governor of Ostend, 1690-9; entertained Queen Elizabeth at Enelefleld,1601.

[169] Edward Norris (1584–1659) New England divine; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1609: an uncompromising opponent of John Traske; went to America, 1639, and (1640) became pastor of Salem Church.

[170] Edward Norris (1663–1726) physician; brother of Sir William Norrte, first baronet; M.A. Brasmo-v College, Oxfonl, 1689: M.D., 1696: F.RJ?., 1698; went to the Deccan with his brother, 1699; F.U.C.P., 1716.

[171] Edwin Norris (1796–1872), orientalist and Cornish scholar; clerk to the East India Company, 1818-37: assistant-secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1837, and secretary, 1859; edited the society'sJournal; compiled grammars of eastern languages, and published "The Ancient Cornish Drama with a Cornish grammar, 1859: one of the earliest decipherers of cuneiform; produced an 'Assyrian Dictionary from Aleph to Nun, 1868-72.

[172] Francis Norris, Earl of Berkshire (1579–1623), grandson of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; succeeded to the title, 1600: K.B., 1605; in attendance on the Earl of Nottingham in Spain, 1606; created Viscount Thume and Earl of Berkshire, 1621; imprisoned in the Fleet in consequence of an encounter with LordScropein the House of Lords, 1621: shot himself with a cross-bow from mortification. His descendants became Earls of Abingdon.

[173] Sir Francis Norris (1609–1669), illegitimate son of Francis Norris, earl of Berkshire; knighted, 1633; sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1636; M.P., Oxfordshire, 1656 and 165a

[174] Henry Norris (d. 1536), courtier ; came early to court; gentleman of the king's chamber; became a friend of Henry VIII, and received many grants and offices; adhered to Anne Boleyn; took part in the Greenwich tournament, 1536, after hich he was arrested on suspicion of an intrigue with Anne; found guilty and executed, though probably innocent.

[175] Sir Henry Norris, first Baron Norris of Rycote (1525?–1601), son of Henry Norris (. 1636) q vV restored to much of his father's wnftMftted . V11I. and h.-ld office uiidi-r Edward VI; kl favour by Queen Elizabeth; LeritT of and Berkshire, 1661; entertained yueen Elizabeth at Rycote, 1666 and 1592; knighted and appointed mbaneninr to France, 1666; recalled, 1*70; orated Baron Norris of Rycote, 1672.

[176] Henry Norris (1665-1730?), known as Jubilee Dicky; actor: played in Dublin, 1695; became known as Jubilee Dicky from hl remarkable success a* Dicky in the Constant Couple, or a Trip to the Jubilee at Drury Tpf, London, 1699; disqualified by his short stature for important part*,

[177] Henry Handley Norris (1771–1880), theologian; graduated M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1806 (ad rMMdrm, Oxford, 1817): perpetual curate, subsequently rector, of St. John of Jerusalem at Hackney: prebendary of Mntvi-*, 1816; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1825; on the committee of the S.P.C.K., 1793-1834; wrote on and publislied devotional works.

[178] Isaac Norris (1671–1735), mayor of Philadelphia; born in London: taken to Jamaica, 1678; settled in Philadelphia, 1690; elected to the Philadelphia council and awwnbly. 1708; speaker, 1712: J.P., 1717: mayor of Philadelphia, 1724.

[179] Sir John Norris (1547?–1597), military commander; son of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; volunteer under Admiral Coligny, 1571; captain under Essex in Ireland, 1673: crossed to the Low Countries, 1577; distinguished himself at Rymenant, 1578, and Steenwyk, 1580; was made lord-president of Munster, 1584, but left his brother. Sir Thomas Norris, as deputy and again served in the Low Countries, 1585; knighted for his victory at Grave, 1586; the campaign rendered futile, 1586, by his dissensions with Leicester, who was in command: recalled to England; returned to Holland under Lord Willoughby, 1587, for a short time; assisted in preparations to resist the Armada, and acted as ambassador to the States-General, 1588; took command with Drake of the expedition to the coast of Spain, 1589; served in Brittany against the forces of the League, 1591 and 1593; returned to Ireland, 1595, to assist in reducing Tyrone; patched up a hollow peace at Dundalk. 1596, and made a futile effort to pacify Connaught; retired to Munster, his health failing, and died at Mallow.

[180] John Norris (1667–1711), divine; of Winchester College and Exeter College, Oxford; B.A., 1680; M.A. ; fellow of All Souls, Oxford; incumbent of Newton St Loe. 1689; rector of Bemerton, 1692; published devotional works; entered into controversies with the quakers; chiefly remarkable as a solitary representative of Maiebranche's theories in England: principal work, Essay towards the Theory of an Ideal and Intelligible World (pt. i. 1701, pt. ii. 1704).

[181] Sir John Norris (1660?–1749), admiral of the fleet; brother of Sir William Norris (1657-1702); was in 1689 lieutenant of the Edgar with Sir Clowdisley Shovell; commander. 1690, and posted, 1693; served with credit off Lagos, 1693; sent to Hudson's Bay, 1697; distinguished himself at Malaga, 1704, and Barcelona, 1705; knighted, 1705; rear-admiral of the blue, 1707; vice-admiral of the white, 1708; M.P., Rye, 1708-22 and 17341749, Portsmouth, 1722-34; admiral of the blue, 1709; oommander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, 1710-11 employed in the Baltic, 1716-27, at first to give effect to the treaty with Denmark, afterwards to secure the independence of Sweden: a lord of the admiralty, 1718-30 admiral and oommander-in-chief, 1734; commanded the Channel fleet, 1739-44.

[182] John Norris 1734–1777), founder of the Norrisian professorship at Cambridge; of Eton and Caius College. Cambridge; B.A., 1760; contributed towards the educaUonof Rlchanl Ponon; founded by will a proiTVjT 1111 * at C * mbr * d K"! * theological prize emy; endowed small schools at Witton un.l Witching.

[183] John Pilkington Norris (1823-1891), divine; of Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1849; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1848; inspector of schools, 1849-64: canon of Bristol, 1864; vicar of St. George's, Bristol, 1870, and of St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, 1877: held various offices in connection with the cathedral and a-.-ited in its restoration; wrote on theology and education.

[184] Philip Norris (d. 1465), dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin; vicar ot St. Nicholas. Dundalk, 1427; entered University.College, Oxford; became proficient in learning and advocated the reform or suppression of mendicant i friars: bulls promulgated against him, 1440 and 1458, but not enforced; dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1457.

[185] Robert Norris (d. 1791), African trader; brother of William Norris (1719-1791); visited the king of Dahomey, 1772, and published an account of him, 1789.

[186] Roger Norris, Norreys, or Nories (d. 1223), abbot of Evesham; one of the monks of Christchurch, Canterbury, deputed to appeal to Henry II against Archbishop Baldwin, 1187, but acknowledged the archbishop's sway; consecrated abbot of Evesham, 1191, and in 1195 and 1198 hushed up complaints of the monks; pleaded Evesham's exemption from episcopal visitation at Rome, 1205; ordered to resign on charges of misconduct, 1213; made prior of Penworthum, 1213.

[187] Sylvester Norris (1572–1630), Roman catholic controversialist; educated at Rheims and Rome; English missioner, 1596; banished, 1605: D.D.; professed of the four vows, 1618; superior of the Hampshire district, 1621; published controversial works.

[188] Sir Thomas Norris (1656–1599), president of Munster; son of Sir Henry Norris, first baron Norris of Rycote; captain of a troop of horse in Ireland, 1579; served against Gerald Fitzgerald, fifteenth earl of Desmond, 1580; acted as governor of Conuaught, 1580-1; colonel of the forces in Munster, 1582: M.P., Limerick, 1585-6: appointed vice-president of Munster, 1585: unable to do much for the plantation of Munster; knighted, 1588; served under his brother, Sir John Norris , 1595-6, and succeeded him as president of Munster, 1597; relieved Kilmallock, 1598; died of a jaw wound received in a skirmish with Thomas Burke.

[189] Thomas Norris (1653–1700), brother of Sir William Norris (1657-1702); M.P., Liverpool, 16881695; high sheriff of Lancashire, 1696.

[190] Thomas Norris (1741 -1790), singer; chorister in Salisbury Cathedral; Mus. Bac. and organist of Christ Church and St. John's College, Oxford, 1765; sang at festivals.

[191] Sir William Norris (1523–1591), of Fyfleld; M.P., Windsor. 1554-7: as herald declared war against Henri II of France, 1557: held various offices under Queen Elizabeth.

[192] William Norris (1670?–1700?), composer; lay vicar of the choir of Lincoln Cathedral, 1686; steward o'f the choristers, 1693; left manuscript compositions.

[193] Sir William Norms , first baronet (1667–1702), British envoy to India; brother of Thomas Norris (16531700); M.P., Liverpool, 1695-1701; created baronet, 1698; sent out as king's commissioner to obtain trading privileges from the mogul emperor for the new General Society or English Company, H task which was almost hopeless in face of the determined opposition of the old East India Company, and was further complicated by the English Company's representative at Surat, who offered to suppress piracy on the Indian Seas: finally received an audience of the emperor at Aurangzib, mar Panalla, but failed in his mission through being unable honestly to promise to suppress piracy; died on his return voyage and was buried at sea.

[194] William Norris (1719–1791), secretary to the Society of Antiquaries: brother of Robert Norris; secretary S.A., 1759-86.

[195] Brownlow North (1741–1820), bishop of Winchester; son of Francis North, first earl of Guilford : of Eton and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1762; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1763; M.A., 1766; D.C.L., 1770: canon of PhrNt Phnrh. Oxford, 1768; dean of Canterbury, 1770; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1771; translated to Worcester, 1771, and to Winchester, 1781; organised clerical charities and was generous to literary men; published sermons.

[196] Brown North Low lsio-1876), lay preacher: grandson of Brownlow North (1741-lni'o) q. v trar of Winchester, 1817; became notorious for hi.irregular life; served with Don Pedro, 1832-3; ooim-rtcl by a sudden illness, 1854; couducted evangelical meetings, principally in Scotland.

[197] Charles Napier North (1817–1889), colonel: entered the army, 1836; lieutenant, 1838: captain, 1H4H: major, 1857; served in the n-lu-t of Lucknow (medals and clasp); lieutenant-colonel, 1858; colonel, 1865: published aJournal 1858.

[198] Christopher North (pseudonym). See John Wilson–1785–1854.

[199] Francis North, fourth Earl of Guilford (1761-1817, son of Frederick North, second Earl of Guilford; entered the army, 1777; quitted it an lieutenant-colonel, 17 W; succeeded to the earldom, 1803: bin drama, the Kentish Baron produced, 1791

[200] Frederick North, second Earl of Guilford, better known an L.Ki. N..KIH M732-1792), 000 of Francis North, first iitrl of (iuildford; of Ktou and Trinity Ct.luv.-. oxford:.M.A., 175*.; M.I. Banburj, 1754; junior lord of the treasury, 1759; retired, 1766: took a leading part against Wilke*: joint-paymaster of th- ten* 1766; privy -oun-illor, 1768; chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the Houw of Commons 1767; first lord of the treasury, 1770; met with considerable opposition, be himself being the agent of George III who entirely directed the policy of the ministry: K;.. 1 772; gained considerable reputation by bis earlier

[201] Dudley North , third HAR..V NORTH (1581–1666), sou of Sir.John North; succeeded his grandfather as third baron, 1600; served in the Low Countries, 1602; discovered the springs at Tunbridge Wells, 1606; a conspicuous figure at court and in court entertainments: in opposition in the House of Lords, 1626; attended Charles I in his expedition to Scotland, 1639: took no part in the i f tl civil war, but was commissioner of the admiralty, 1645. and lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire; an accomplished musician; a collection of his essays published, 1667.

[202] Dudley North , fourth Baron North (1602-1677), son of Dudley North, third baron North (1681-1666); K.B., 1616; volunteered for the relief of the palatinate, 1620; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1640-53; wrote on economic and religious subjects.

[203] Sir Dudley North (1641–1691), financier and economist; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North ; apprenticed to a Turkey merchant; became agent at Smyrna and, in 1662, at Constantinople: realised a fortune and returned to England, 1680; sheriff of London and knighted, 1682; commissioner for the customs, 1683, and afterwards for the treasury; carried out reforms in both departments; wrote on Currency and advocated free-trade.

[204] Dudley Long North (1748–1829), politician; great-grandson of Sir Dudley North q. v.; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1774; M.P., St. Germans, 1780-4, Great Grimsby, 1784-90 and 1793-6, Banbury, 1790-1812, Richmond, Yorkshire, 1812-18, Jedburgh boroughs, 1818-20; a prominent whig.

[205] Dudleya North (1675–1712), granddaughter of Dudley North, fourth baron North: mastered Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and some eastern languages; bequeathed her collection of oriental literature to her uncle's parochial library at Rougham.

[206] Edward North, first Baron North (1496?-1564), chancellor of the court of augmentations; of St. Paul's School, London, and Peterhouse, Cambridge; barrister; clerk of the parliament, 1531: treasurer of the court of augmentations and knighted, 1541; promoted to budgets, but lost popularity ax a financier through the ait terms of the 1781 loan: continued in office against his better judgment after the outbreak of war with America, but resigned, 1782: combined with Yo and overthrew Shell u rue's ministry, 1783; after the dl.solution of the coalition, which lasted only nine months, he acted with the opposition against Pitt; succeeded his .r-1 of G of Guilford, 1790.

[207] Frederick North , fifth Earl of Guilford (1766-1827), philhellene; younger son of Frederick North, second earl of Guilford; educated mostly abroad and at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: travelled in Greece and entered the Greek church, 1791; created D.C.L., 1793; M.P., Banbury, 1792: comptroller of the customs in the port of London, 1794: governor of Ceylon, 1798-1805; improved Ceylon revenues and education; succeeded his brother as fifth earl, 1817: G.C.M.G., 1819; largely promoted the Ionian university at Corfu, and became first chancellor, 1824.

[208] George North (d. 1580), translator; translated three books into English, two of which he dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton.

[209] George North (1710–1772), numismatist; of St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A., 1744; vicar of Codicote, 1743; F.8JL, 1741; wrote and corresponded on English numismatics and antiquities.

[210] George Augustus North , third Earl of Guilford (1757–1802), sou of Frederick North, second earl of Guilford: M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1777; M.P., Harwich, 1778-84, Wootton Basset, 1784-90, Petersfield, 1790, and Banbury, 1790-2; supported his father's ministry, and was his under- secretary, 1783: succeeded as earl, 1792.

[211] Sir John North (1551?–1597), scholar and soldier; son of Roger North, second baron North; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 157S; travelled, 1576; fought in the Netherlands, 1579, 1585, and 1597; M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1584, 1586, and 1587; died in Flanders. the chancellorship, 1545: privy councillor, 1546; resigned chancellorship under Edward VI: supported Queen Jane but was employed by Queen Mary: again privy councillor; created Baron North, 1554; his house twice visited by Queen Elizabeth, 1558 and 1561.

[212] Francis North, first Baron Guilford (1637–1685), lord chancellor; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; barrister, Middle Temple, 1661; K.C., 1668; solicitor-general and knighted, 1671; M.P., King's Lynn, 1673; attorney-general, 1673; chief-justice of common pleas, 1675-82: greatly increased the popularity of that court; included in the government, 1679; lord chancellor, 1682, and created Baron Guilford, 1683: took part I in James II's coronation, 1685; a patron of art, music,; and science.

[213] Francis North , first EARL OP GuiLFtwn (1704–1790), grandson of Francis North, first Baron Guilford ; M.P., Banbury, 1727: succeeded his father as third baron, 1729, and his kinsman William North, baron North and Grey, as seventh Baron North of KirtHng, 1734: held court appointments; created Earl of Guilford, 1753; treasurer to Queen Charlotte, 1773.

[214] John North (1645–1683), professor of Greek and master of Trinity College, Cambridge; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1666; preached before Charles II at Newmarket, 1668; migrated to Trinity College, Cambridge, attracted by Isaac Barrow and Newton; professor of Greek, 1672; clerk of the closet and prebendary of Westminster, 1673; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1577-83.

[215] Marianne North (1830–1890), flower-painter; took painting-lessons from Valentine Bartholomew: travelled in Syria and Egypt, 1866, with her father, and after his death travelled all round the world, painting the flora: presented her paintings to Kew Gardens, building the gallery for them at her own expense (opened, 1882).

[216] Roger North , second Baron North (1580–1600), son of Edward North, first baron North; appeared early at court: M.P., Cambridgeshire, 1555, 1558, and 1563: K.H., 1559; succeeded his father as second Baron North. 1664; alderman and free burgess of Cambridge, ! 1568; went as joint-ambassador to Vicuna, 1*68; appointed lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, 1569, and high steward of Cambridge, 1673; sent as ambassador to Henri III on his accession, 1574: visited izabeth at Kirtlinir, 167H; intimate with rr and acoompaniai him to Holland,! 685, win-re he JTit 1. retnrnel, 1588, to prepare gainst Spanish invasion: treasurer of d and privy councillor, 1696: keeper of rt Kltham mA Home, 1597.

[217] Roger North (15857-1651?), colonial projector; on of Sir John North; accompanied Ralegh on his last voyage to Guiana, 1617; went up the Orinoco, and assisted in routing the Spaniards settled there; forced to return by the disaffection of soldiers and Milon -broke the tidings to James I: his petition for the right to plant and trade on the Amazon (1619) opposed by Gondomar; finally sailed without permission and made a successful voyage, but was imprisoned for six BSb. oThte retSUsi; obtained letters patent to plant Guiana, 1617; returned to England, 1632.

[218] Roger North (1653–1734), lawyer and historian; son of Dudley North, fourth baron North; entered Jesus College, Cambridge, 1667; barrister, Middle Temple, 1675; steward to the see of Canterbury, 1678; K.C., 168*; solicitor-general to the Duke of York, 1684; attorney-general to James II's queen, 1688; M.P., Dunwich, 1686; quitted political life at the revolution; a nonjuror; executor to Sir Peter Lely and bis brothers; his Meraotrw of Musick edited by Rimbault, 1846; his Apology for Charles II and a Vindication of his brother Francis, in reply to White Kennett, published, 1742, and his Lives of Sir Dudley North and Dr. John North, 1744; a complete edition, with his autobiography and some correspondence,

[219] Thomas North (1523?–1601?), translator; son of Edward North, first baron North; perhaps studied at Peterbouse, Cambridge: entered Lincoln's Inn, 15*7; accompanied his brother to Prance, 1574; knighted, 1691; J.P. for Cambridgeshire, 1692; pensioned by Queen Elizabeth, 1601: translated Marcus Aurelius from French and Spanish editions, 1557, The Morall Philosophic of Doni from Italian, 1570, and Plutarch's Lives from the French of Amyot, 1579, to which he made additions from other authors, 1595. His Plutarch formed Shakespeare's chief storehouse of classical learning, and exerted a powerful influence on Elizabethan prose.

[220] Thomas North (1830–1884), antiquary and campanologist; employed in a bank at Leicester; F.S.A., 1876; secretary of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archaeological Society, and edited its Transactions; wrote on the church of St. Martin, Leicester, 1866, and the church bells of various counties.

[221] William Worth , sixth Baron North (1678–1734), grandson of Dudley North, fourth baron North; succeeded his father as sixth baron, 1690: left Magdalene College, Cambridge, for Foubert's military academy, London, 1694; commissioned as captain, 1702; colonel, 1703; lost his right arm at Blenheim, 1704; brigadiergeneral, 1706; lieutenant-general, 1710; lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, 1711: privy councillor and governor of Portsmouth, 1711: defended the Pretender in the Lords, 1713; committed to the Tower of London for complicity in Atterbury's plot, 1722, but admitted to bail; travelled abroad; died at Madrid.

[222] Richard Northalis (d. 1397), archbishop of Dublin: a Carmelite friar; became bishop of Ossory, 1386: was absent on Richard II's business, 1387, 1389, and 1191: lord chancellor of Ireland, 1393; translated to the archbishopric of Dublin, 1396.

[223] John Northall (1723?-1769), captain in the royal artillery; entered the service, 1741; lieutenant, 1741; captain-lieutenant, 1752; captain, 1755; hisTravels through Italy published, 1766.

[224] William of Northall (d. 1190), bishop of Worcester; canon of St. Paul's, London; archdeacon of Gloucester, 1177; had custody of the temporalities of the see of Rochester, 1184, and Worcester, 1185; bishop of Worcester, 1188; negotiated with the monks of Canterbury in their dispute with Archbishop Baldwin, 1187.

[225] Marquises of Northampton. See PARK, William flnt MARQUIS, 1*13-1671; OOMPTON, SI-KN. KK Alwyne Joshua , second MARQUIS of the second creation, 1790-1861.

[226] Earls of Northampton . See SENLIS, SIMON DK, d. 1109; SKNLIS, SIMON DE, d. 1153; BOHUN, WILLIAM DK, d. 1360: HOWARD, HENRY, 1540-1614; COMPTON, SPENCER, 1601-1643.

[227] Henry de Northampton or Fitzpeter (fl. 1189-1207), judge; an officer of the exchequer and a canon of St. Paul's; justice itinerant, 1189; king's justice at Westminster and in the country, 1202; joined the baronial party.

[228] John de Northampton or Comberton (fl. 1376-1390), lord mayor of London; prominent member of the DrapersCompany; alderman, 1376; sheriff, 1377; member for the city, 1378; mayor, 1381: head of John of Oaunt's party; sought the favour of the populace at the expense of the greater companies; reduced the price of fish under violent opposition; his decision reversed by his successor and himself arrested on a charge of sedition; condemned to be hanged, but bis sentence commuted; released, 1387, but not restored to his former position till 1390.

[229] Northbrook, first Baron (1796-1866). See Sir Francis Thornhill Baring.

[230] John Northbrooke (fl. 1568–1579), preacher and writer against plays; preached at St. Mary de Redcliffe, Bristol, 1568; procurator for the Bristol clergy in the synod at London, 1571; published theological works and in Spiritus est Vicarius Christi in Terra 1579, made the earliest attack upon dramatic performances.

[231] Michael de Northburgh (d. 1361), bishop of London; entered the royal service and received considerable preferment; went on a mission to the pope, 1346; accompanied Edward III on his French expedition, 1346; commissioner to negotiate alliances with foreign powers, 1346; when secretary to Edward III frequently treated, with France: elected bishop of London, 1354; conducted negotiations for peace with France, 1354 and 1355; died of plague; left bequests for students of civil and canon law at Oxford and the Carthusian house at Newchurchbaw..

[232] Roger de Northburgh (d. 1369?), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry: educated at Cambridge; a royal clerk in 1310, and royal messenger: comptroller of the wardrobe, 1315; held temporary charge of the great seal, 1321, and was papally provided to the bishopric of Lichfield and Coventry, 1322; swore to support Queen Isabella, January 1327; treasurer for three months, 1328, and occasionally employed in public business; again treasurer for a short time, 1340.

[233] James Northcote (1746–1831), painter and author; apprenticed as a watchmaker at Plymouth: spent his leisure in drawing and painting; came to London, 1771; worked as an assistant in the studio of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and studied in the Royal Academy schools; travelled in Italy, 1777-80; regularly contributed j portraits to the Royal Academy; R.A., 1787; commissioned by Boydell to paint nine pictures for his Shakespeare gallery, 1786; attained his chief excellence as a portrait-painter; published a Memoir of Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1813,One Hundred Fables(illustrated by himself), 1828, and aLife of Titian 1830; William Hazlitt published some of his Conversations 1830.

[234] Sir John Northcote, first baronet (1599–1676), politician; matriculated from Exeter College, Oxford, 1617; entered at the Inner Temple, 1618: was sheriff of Devonshire, 1626-7: created baronet, 1641; M.P., Ashburton, 1641; acted with the presbyterians and aided the parliamentary cause by his influence and wealth: taken prisoner by the royalists, 1643; released, 1645: excluded from parliament, 1648-54; sat for Barnstaple, 1667-76. His Note Book was published, 1887.

[235] Sih Stafford Henry Northcote, first Earl of Iddesleigh (1818-1887); educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1840; D.O.L., 1863; barrister, Inner Temple, 1847; private secretary to William Kv;irt Gladstone, 1842; assisted William Ewart Gladstone in his Oxford elections of 1847, 1852, and 1853; succceeded 1 his grandfather as eighth baronet, 1851; C.B., 1851; conserrative M.P., Dudley, 1885, Stamford, 1858; became a recognised opposition speaker ami was greatly in Disraeli's confidence; appointed president of the board of tr.i'le, 1K66, and secretary for India, 1867; M.P. for North Devon, 1866; governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1869-74: commissioner for the settlement of the Alabama claim-, 1871; chancellor of the exchequer, 1H74-80: pointed out that the income tax had lost Its temporary c and increased exemptions by which he eased pressure of the tax on smaller incomes; made a serious attempt, by an annual sinking fund, to reduce the national debt; leader of the bouse, 1876, and much hampered by parliamentary obstruction; leader of the opposition to Gladstone's government in the House of Commons, 1880-6, and defeated the ministry on the Affirmation Bill, 1883, but assisted in the compromise on the Franchise Bill, 1884; created Earl of Iddebleigh and Viscount St. Gyres, 1885; became foreign secretary, 1886, but resigned six mouths later, dying suddenly on the day of his resignation. He published A Short Review of the Navigation Laws 1849,Twenty Years of Financial Policy 1862, and (for the lloxburghe Club) The Triumphes of Petrarch 1887.

[236] William Northcote (d. 1783?), naval surgeon; passed at the SurgeonsCompany as second mate, 1757; first mate, 1759; surgeon, 1771; published medical works for naval surgeons, devoting special attention to tropical diseases.

[237] Northesk, seventh Earl of (1758–1831). See William Carnegie.

[238] Sir Edward Northey (1652–1723), attorney-general; of St. Paul's School, London, and Queen's College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1674: attorney-general, 17U1-7 and 1710-18; knighted, 1702; M.P., Tiverton, 1710.

[239] Earls Ok Northington . See HENLEY, ROBERT, first EARL, 1708 ?-1772; 1 1 KM.KY, ROBERT, second EARL, 1747-1786.

[240] John Northleigh (1657–1705), physician; B.C.L. Exeter College, Oxford, 1681; student, Middle Temple, 1682; incorporated LL.B. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1682; subsequently fellow of King's College, Cambridge; LL.D., 1687; M.D.; practised medicine at Exeter; wrote in defence of James II and on polemical theology.

[241] Thomas Northmore (1766–1851), miscellaneous writer and inventor; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1792; F.S.A., 1791; divided his time between mechanics, literature, and science; discovered the ossiferous nature of Kent's cavern at Torquay, 1824.

[242] Dukes of Northumberland . See DUDLEY John first DUKK, 1502?-1553; FITZROY, GEORGE, first Duke of the second creation, 1665–1716 ; PERCY, HUGH, first DUKE of the third creation, 1715-1786; PERCY, HUGH, second DUKE, 1742-1817; PERCY, HUGH, third DUKE, 1785-1847; PERCY, ALGERNON, fourth DUKE, 17921865.

[243] Northumberland titular Duke of (1573–1649). See Robert Dudley.

[244] Earls of Northumberland . See MORCAR, fl. 1066; COPSI, d. 1067; GOSPATRIC, fl. 1067; COMIV, ROBERT DE, d. 1069; WALTHKOF, d. 1076; WALCHKH, d. 1080; MOWBRAY, ROBERT DE, d. 1125 ?: PUIBET or PUDSEY, HUGH PR, 1125?-! 195; PERCY, HENRY, first EARL of the Percy family, 1342-1408; PERCY, HENRY, second EARL, 1394-1455; PKRCY, HENRY, third EARL, 1421-1461; NEVILLE, JOHN, rf. 1471; PERCY, HENRY, fourth EARL, 1446-1489; PERCY, HENRY ALGERNON, fifth EARL, 1478-1527; PERCY, HENRY ALGERNON, sixth EARL, ixrj V-1537; PERCY, THOMAS, seventh EARL, 1528-1572; 1'KiicY, HENRY, eighth EARL, 1532V-1585; PERCY, HKNHY, ninth EARL, 1564-1632; PERCY, ALGERNON, tenth EARL, 1602-1668.

[245] Kings of The Northumbrians . See ETHELFrid d. 617; EDWIN, 585?-633 : OSWALD, 605?–642; Oswy 612?-670 ; ALDFRITH, d. 706 : OSRED, 697?–716 Okric d. 729 ; OSWULF, d. 758 ; OBOLWOLf, d. 764 Eadbert d. 768 ; OSRED, d. 792 ; EARDWULF, d. 810 Osberht d. 867 ; JELLA, d. 867.

[246] William de Northwell or Norwell (d. 1363), baron of the exchequer; clerk of the kitchen, 1313; received preferment, including a prebend of Southwell; keeper of Edward Ill's wi 1340, but soon reappointed; baron of th short time, 1340; kept the accounts during the Crecy

[247] Hugh of Northwold (d. 1254), bishop of Ely; a monk of the Benedictine Abbey..f Bury M. frlm re-elected abbot, 1213, in opposition to t the abbey; after a long sertea of complicate King John's assent, 121 6; itinerant justice for Norfolk, 11-J7: bi-hop of Kly, 1220-N; escorted Eleanor of Provence to England, 1236; attended parliament. 1248; offended Henry III by refusing the benefice of Dereham to Henry's lialf-bn)ther; present at the confirmation of Magna Charta, 1253.

[248] John de Northwood (rf. 1817), son of John de Northwood, baron Northwood; died before nil father, leaving six sons, the eldest, Roger, succeeding bis randfatluT in the barony.

[249] John de Northwood or Northwode, Baron Northwood (1254–1319), succeeded his father, 1285; served constantly in official capacities for Kent: served in the French war, 1294, in Flaixlers, 1297, and in Scotland, 1298, 1309, 1311, 1314, and 1318; summoned to parliament as a baron, 1313.

[250] Roger de Northwood or Northwode (d. 1285), baron of the exchequer; employed in the exchequer; warden of the Cinque porte, 1257; baron of the exchequer before 1274; acted on various judicial commlssions.

[251] Bonham Norton (1565–1635), printer, son of William Norton; became n freeman of the Stationers Company and held various offices in the company; king's printer; served as sheriff of Shropshire, 1611.

[252] Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Norton, known as the Hon. Mrs. Norton, afterwards Lady Stirling-Maxwell (1808-1877), poetess; daughter of Thomas Sheridan (1775-1817); distinguished for her beauty and wit; married the Hon. George Chappie Norton, 1827: definitely entered upon a literary career, her husband having no independent means and only a small legal appointment; published The Sorrows of Rosalie with other Poems 1829, which was enthusiastically received; became a popular writer in periodicals; published The Undying One 1830, and The Dream 1840: attacked social conditions in A Voice from the Factories 1836, and The Child of the Islands 1845: her best poem, The Lady of La Garaye 1862; wrote also three novels, Stuart of Dunleath 1851,Lost and Saved 1863, andOld Sir 1 Douglas 1867. Mrs. Norton led an unhappy life with ) her husband, from whom she separated in 1836; a crirn. con. action was unsuccessfully brought against Lord Mel bourne by her husband, but the evidence was so niani : festly weak that the trial was considered by some as a political attempt to discredit him. In 1853 she eudca , voured to obtain legal protection from her husband, and ! her pamphlets on the custody of offspring and female earnings contributed to the amelioration of the laws affecting the social condition of women. In 1877 she married Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, her first husband having died in 1875.

[253] Chapple Norton (1746–1818), general; son of Fletcher Norton, first baron Giautley; captain of the 19th foot, 1763; distinguished himself in America, 1780; general, 1802; M.P., Guildford, 1784-1812.

[254] Christian Norton (fl. 1740–1760), engraver; studied under Pierre Charles Canot at Paris, and accompanied him to England.

[255] Fletcher Norton , first Baron Grantley (1716-1789), barrister. Middle Temple, 1739 K.C., 1764: M.P., Appleby, 1756, Wigau, 1761: solicitor-geuenil, 1762; knighted, 1762; attorney-general, 1763, but dismissed on the formation of the Buckingham administration, 1765; M.P., Guildford, 1768; elected speaker of the House of Commons, 1770; supported Burke in carrying the EsU bliphment Bill (civil list expenditure), 1780: not re-elected speaker, 1780: created Baron Grantley of Markenfleld, 1782. He was usually nicknamed Sir Bull-face Doable Peein satires and caricatures, and was attacked by Juuius in Letter 39.

[256] Lady Frances Norton (1640–1731), authoress; nee Freke; married, first. Sir George Norton, 1671, Colonel Ambrose Norton, a cousin of her first , 1718, and, thirdly. William Jones, 1724; she The Applause of Virtue 1705.

[257] Humphrey Norton (fl. 1658–1659), quaker; London agent for the assistance of Friends, 1655-6: preached in Ireland and was arrested at Galway and at Wexford, 1666: went to Boston, 1657; arrested and banished from Rhode island, 1667; again arrested at Newhaven and branded with H at Plymouth and again at Boston: imprisoned, 1668; went to Barbados, 1659, and wrote an account of his sufferings, New England's Ensigne 1659.

[258] John Norton (fl. 1485), sixth prior of the Carthusian monastery of Mountgrace; wrote three works, still extant in Lincoln Cathedral MS., De Musica Monachorum, Thesaurus cordium amautlum and Devota Lamentacio.

[259] Sir John Norton (d. 1534), soldier; served under Poynings in Guelderlaud; knighted, 1511; sheriff of Kent, 1622, of Yorkshire, 1614; knight of the body to Henry VIII; in France, 1514 and 1632.

[260] John Norton (d. 1612), printer; nephew of William Norton; printed Gerard's Herbal 1597; became printer of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew to Queen Elizabeth; printed SavUe's edition of the Greek text of OhrysoBtoni's works, 1610-12: master of the Stationers Company, bequeathing it 1,000*.

[261] John Norton (1606–1663), divine; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1627; landed in New England, 1635, and was called to Ipswich; wrote Respousio ad totem syllogen (the first Latin book composed in colonies), 1648; helped to draw up thePlatform of Church Disciplineat the Cambridge synod, 1646; 'called to Boston 1662; instigated the persecution of the qtiakcrs; went to England to obtain a confirmation of the Boston charter, 1662; published Calviuistic works. c. 1483; commissioner to inquire into the exportation of wool, 1486; constable of Flint Castle, 1495: chamberlain of North Wales, 15U9; served in France as surveyor of the ordnance; marshal of Tournay, 1515; chamberlain of the exchequer, 1516.

[262] Samuel Norton (1548–1604?), alchemist; studied at St. John's College, Cambridge; J.P. and sheriff of Somerset, 1589; muster-master of Somerset and Wiltshire, 1604; wrote several alchemistic tracts, which were edited and published in Latin by Edmund Deane at Frankfort, 1630.

[263] Thomas Norton (Jl. 1477), alchemist; M.P., Bristol, 1436; member of Edward IV's privy chamber and employed on embassies; studied alchemy under George Ripley, and wrote chemical tracts in ! English verse. His Ordinal of Alchemy was several times published. ul pn

[264] John Norton (. 1674), a youthful prodigy; made a paraphrase translation of Marcus Antonius Flaminius (published as The Scholar's Vade Mecum 1674).

[265] John Bruce Norton (1815–1883), advocate-general at Madras; of Harrow and Mertou College, Oxford; B.A., 1838; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1841; sheriff of Madras, 1843-5; clerk of the crown in the supreme court, 1845-62: advocate-general, 1863-71; returned to England and was first lecturer on Indian law at the Temple, 1873; wrote on Indian law and administration,

[266] Matthew Thomas Norton (1732–1800), Dominican; professed as a Dominican, 1754; English missioner, 1759; elected prior of Bornhem, 1767; appointed vicar- provincial of Belgium, 1774-8; returned to England, 1780; won three medals at Brussels for dissertations on agriculture.

[267] Richard Norton (d. 1420), chief-justice of the court of common pleas; serjeant-at-law before 1403; justice of assize for the county palatine of Durham; chief-justice of the court of common pleas, 1413; trier of petitions in parliament, 1414-20.

[268] Richard Norton (1488?–1588), rebel; took part in the Pilgrimage of Grace, but was pardoned; one of the council of the north, 1545 and 1556; governor of Norham Castle, 1555-7: sheriff of Yorkshire, 1568; joined the rebellion of 1569; his estates confiscated and himself attainted; fled to Flanders and was pensioned by Philip of Spain; known as Old Norton; died abroad.

[269] Robert Norton (1540?–1587, divine; M.A., Caius College, Cambridge, 1563; B.D., 1570; vicar of Aldborough, 1572; preacher in Ipswich, 1576-86; translated Rodolph Gualter's sermons, 1573.

[270] Robert Norton (d. 1636), engineer and gunner; son of Thomas Norton (1532-1684); entered the royal service; sent as engineer to Plymouth, 1627; onginer of the Tower of London, 1627; wrote on mathematics and artillery, and translated Camden's Annals of Elizabeth 1630.

[271] Sir Sampson Norton (d. 1517), surveyor of the ordnance and marshal of Touruay; knighted in Brittany,

[272] Thomas Norton (1532–1584), lawyer and poet; admitted to the Grocers Company; entered the service of Protector Somerset as amanuensis; admitted at the Inner Temple, 1565; M.P., Galton, 1558, Berwick, 1562, and London, 1571, 1572, and 1580; created M.A. Cambridge, 1570; appointed remembrancer of the city of London, 1571; in parliament strongly supported all active measures against the Roman catholics, and in 1579 went to Itorne to procure information against them; kept diary (still extant) of his journey; became an official censor of Queen Elizabeth's Roman catholic subjects, 1681, and conducted the examination of many Uoman catholic prisoners under torture; involved through his dissatisfaction with episcopacy in a charge of treason, and committed to the Tower of London for a short time, 1584. He devoted much time to literature, and in early life his sonnets and verses attracted attention. Among his translations were Calvin's 'Institutions ol the Christian religion 1559, and Nowell's Middle Catechism 1570; but he owes his place in literature to his joint-authorship with Sackville of the earliest tragedy in English and in blank verse, The Tragedie of Gorboduc of which he wrote three acts.Gorboduc was performed on Twelfth Night at the Inner Temple, 1561. A corrupt edition of the play was published, 1565, and an authorised version, undated, a few years later.

[273] William de Norton (fl. 1346–1363). See Notton.

[274] William Norton (1527–1593), printer and publisher; an original freeman of the Stationers Company, 1555; filled various offices; published Guicciardini's Historie 1579, two editions of Horace, 1574 and 1585, and the Bishops Bible 1575.

[275] William de Norwell (d. 1363). See Northwell.

[276] Norwich, first Earl of the second creation (1583?–1663). See George Goring.

[277] John de Norwich, Baron Norwich (d. 1362), son of Sir Walter de Norwich; admiral of the fleet north of the Thames. 1336; went to France, 1838; summoned to parliament as a baron, 1342; served in France, 1344, and specially distinguished himself there, 1346; founded a chantry of eight priests and a warden at Raveningham, 1350.

[278] Ralph de Norwich (fl. 1256), chancellor of Irelaud; acted frequently as king's messenger, 1216-21; employed on exchequer business in Ireland. 1218 and 1221; received considerable ecclesiastical preferment; notice of the king's bench, 1229; chancellor of Ireland, 1249: resigned chancellorship, 1256: his election as archbishop of Dublin (1256) quashed by the pope.

[279] Robert Norwich (d. 1535), judge; member of Lincoln's Inn, 1503, reader, 1518, and subsequently governor; sat on various commissions; king's serjeant, 1623; justice of common pleas, 1530; chief-justice, 1531.

[280] Sir Walter de Norwich (d. 1329), chief baron of the exchequer; remembrancer by 1308; appointed a baron of the exchequer, 1311: chief baron, 1312; resigned his office of chief baron, 1314, on being appointed treasurer; resigned treasurership, 1317, and probably rctimm! to the exchequer; keeper of the treasury, 1321: reappointed chief baron, 1327.

[281] William of Norwich (1298?–1329). See Bateman.

[282] Hugh of Norwold (d. 1254). See Northwold.

[283] Richard Norwood (1590?–1675), teacher of mathematics and surveyor; surveyed the islands of Bermuda for the Bermuda Company, 1618; taught mathematics in London and measured the distance between London and York, 1633-5: calculated the length of a degree of the meridian; returned to Bermuda, where he died; wrote on mathematics.

[284] George Norwych (d. 1469), abbot of Westminster; succeeded Abbot Keyton, 1462; mismanaged affairs and (1467) had to resign the management to the prior, he himself receiving a pen-ion.

[285] Julian Notary (fl. 1498–1520) printer; produced missal for Wynkyn de Worde, 1498; his best-known production is the fifth edition of The Kalender of Shepardes c. 1518.

[286] Nothelm (d. 739), tenth archbishop of Canterbury; supplied Bede with information for hisEcclesiastical History visited Rome; consecrated archbishop, 785; held a synod, c. 736.

[287] George Frederick Nott (1767–1841), divine and author; nephew of John Kott; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1788; fellow of All Souls, Oxford: M.A., 1792; D.D., 1807; Hampton lecturer, 1802; prebendary of Winchester, 1810, of Salisbury, 1814; produced an exhaustive edition of the works of Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt the elder, 1815-16, containing biographies.

[288] John Nott (1751–1865), physician and classical scholar; studied at London and Paris; surgeon in an East India vessel sailing to China, 1783; went as travelling physician on the continent, 1789-93; settled at Bristol; wrote on medicine; translated Catullus, 1794, Propertius, 1782, the Basia of Joannes Secundus Nicolaius 1775, and Petrarch's sonnets and odes, 1777; wrote original poems and tales; edited Dekker's Gulls Hornbook 1812.

[289] Sir Thomas Nott (1606–1681), royalist; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1628; knighted, 1639; in constant attendance on Charles I during the civil war; gentleman usher, 1660.

[290] Sir William Nott (1782–1845), major-general; commander of the army of Kandahar; obtained a Bengal cadetship, 1800; lieutenant, 1801; distinguished himself at Moko, 1804; captain, 1814; major, 1823; lieutenantcolonel, 1824; colonel, 1829; promoted major-general, 1838, on the outbreak of the Afghan war, and given command of the second brigade, first division, at Quetta, 1839; successfully defeated the Ghilzais and destroyed their forte, while the enemy evacuated Kalat on his approach, 1840; made commander of all troops in Lower Afghanistan and Sindh, 1842; repulsed the chiefs near Kandahar, January and June, 1842; on receiving orders to withdraw from Afghanistan, sent General England by Quetta and Sakhar, while he himself arranged to meet General Pollock at Kabul; completely defeated the enemy near Ghazni, which he entered without opposition, 1842; after a series of successful engagements joined Pollock at Kabul; appointed resident at the court of Lucknow; G.O.B., 1843.

[291] Earls of Nottingham . See MOWBRAT, THOMAS, first EARL of the second creation, 1366V-1399; HOWARD, CHARLES, first EARL of the sixth creation, 1536-1624; FINCH, HENEAQE, first EARL of the seventh creation, 16211682; FINCH, DANIEL, second EARL, 1647-1730; FINCHHATTON, GEORGE WILLIAM, fifth EARL, 1791-1858.

[292] William of Nottingham (c. 1261), Franciscan; elected fourth provincial minister, 1240; went to Rome, 1244, and obtained a letter restraining the Dominicans; wrote a commentary on the gospels; died at Genoa of the plague.

[293] William de Notton or Norton(fl. 1346-1361), judge; king's Serjeant by 1346; judge of the king's bench, 1365; excommunicated, 1358; judge of assize, 1361; chief-justice in Ireland, 1361.

[294] Edward Nourse (1701–1761), surgeon; received uia diploma from the Barber-SurgeonsCompany, 1725; assistant-surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1731, surgeon, 1746;.lenioiwtrator of unatora;. tinBarber-Suiyeons, 1731-1; published lectures.

[295] Timothy Nourse (d. 1699), miscellaneous writer; fellow of University College. Oxford, 1659: M.A., 1MO; became a Roman catholic, 1672; twqiu-uthed hU collection of coins to the Bodleian Library; wrote on religion, husbandry, and various other subjects.

[296] Vincent Novello (1781–1861), organist, musical composer, editor, aud arranger; born in London; hi* father an Italian; at school for a time in France; chorister at the Sardinian embassy chapel, London, 1798; organist at the Portuguese embassy chapel, 1797 till 1821; arranged two volume* of sacred music (18111 which proved the foundation of the publishing bouse of Novello 4 Co.; original member (1813) aud subsequently coniluctor of the Philharmonic Society; examined and reported on the musical manuscripts in the Fitzwilliam Museum atCambridge, 1824; organist at the Westminster Abbey festival, 1834; organist of the Roman catholic chapel at Moornelds, 1840-3; went to Nice, 1860, where he subsequently died.

[297] Alexander Nowell, Nowel, or Noel (1507?-1602), dean of St. Paul's; elder brother of Laurence Nowell; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1526; M.A., 1540; master of Westminster School, 1543; prebendary of Westminster Abbey, 1551; during Queen Mary's reign resided* principally at Frankfort; archdeacon ol Middlesex, 155.S; dean of St. Paul's, London, 1560; did much for the restoration of the reformed religion; prolocutor of the lower house of convocation, and presented a catechism for its approval; attended the Duku of Norfolk at his execution, 1572; sat on ecclesiastical commissions, 1573, 1576, and 1590: successful in making converts from Romanism; twice visited Lancashire, 1 preaching, 1570 and 1580; appointed to hold conferences with papists, 1582; elected principal of Braseuose College, Oxford, 1595, but resigned it three months later; loyally complied with Queen Elizabeth's ecclesiastical settlement, though inclined to Calvinism; a liberal benefactor of Middleton School and Braseuose College. Apart from his controversial and theological works, Nowell was the author of three catechisms, the Large Catechism which he sent to Cecil, 1563, theMiddle Catechism and theSmall Catechism which is practically that of the Book of Common Prayer. The three were written by Nowell in Latin and translated into Greek by William Whitaker and into English by Thomas Norton.

[298] Increase Nowell (1590–1655), New England settler; arrived in America, 1630; commissioner ol military affairs, 1634; secretary of Massachusetts colony, 1644-9; a founder of the church in Charlestown.

[299] Laurence Nowell or Nowel (d. 1576), dean of Lichfield; brother of Alexander Nowell; matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford, but migrated to Cambridge to study logic; B.A., 1542 (incorporated at Oxford, 1542); M.A., 1544; master of Sutton Coldfield grammar school, 1546; went abroad during Queen Mary's reign, but received preferment under Elizabeth; dean of Lichfield, 1660. He was a diligent antiquary aud left manuscripts on Anglo-Saxon.

[300] Ralph Nowell (d. 1144?). See Ralph.

[301] Samuel Nowell (1634 - 1688), New England settler; son of Increase Nowell; distinguished himself in Philip's war; assistant of the colony of Massachusetts, 1680, and treasurer, 1685.

[302] Thomas Nowell (1730–1801), divine ; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1753; fellow, 1753; principal of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1764-1801; regius professor of modern history, 1771-1801; public orator, 1760-76; criticised for some expressions in his sermon on Charles I preached i before the House of Commons, 1772.

[303] Francis Nower or Nowers (d. 1670), herald-painter; edited Guillim's Display of Heraldry 1660; perished in a fire at his house.

[304] William Noye or Noy (1677–1634), attorneygeneral; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1602; autumn reader, 1622; bencher from 1618; treasurer, 1632; represented various boroughs in Cornwall from 1604; led the attack on monopolies, 1621; attorney-general, 1631; revised the Declaration of Sports 1633: prosecuted William Prynne in the Star Chamber, 1634; incurred much popular odium hy hi revival of the foreat laws, the soap monopoly, ami tinwrit of.hip-money: satirised inA I'n.u-rtor l:it-ly Dead 16S4. He wrote on the Kk'hta of the Crown tbetenure of property, and reports of cases.

[305] Thomas Nuce (d. 1617), translator ; fellow of Pembroke HalL Cambridge, 1562: prebendary of Kly, SS: UmmStad Seneca Qctavia 1661.

[306] Baron Nugent (1788–1860). See George Nugent Grenville.

[307] Sir Charles Edmund Nugent (1769?–1844), admiral of the fleet; entered navy, 1771; commander, 1778- posted, 1779; rear-admiral, 1797; vice-admiral, 1801: admiral, 1808; admiral of the fleet, 1833; G.C.H., 1834.

[308] Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth Baron Delvin (1544–1602), succeeded to the title, 1559; fellow-commoner of Clare Hall, Cambridge: went to Ireland, 1565; distinguished himself against Shane O'Neill, 1565; knighted, 1566; protested against provisioning the army at a fixed price, and (1577) was imprisoned: commanded the forces of the Pale, 1579: again imprisoned on a suspicion of treason, 1580, and sent to England for trial, 1582; allowed to return to Ireland to transact business with regard to his property, 1586, and in 1588 to remain there; leader of the forces of Weatmeath, 1693; commissioner to inquire into abuses, 1597; arrested after the outbreak of Tyrone's rebellion on suspicion of treason; died in Dublin Castle. He wrote A Primer of the Irish Language and a Plot for the Reformation of Ireland.

[309] Christopher Nugent (d. 1731), soldier; went to France after the capitulation of Limerick, 1691; served in Flanders, Germany, and Italy; succeeded to the command of Sheldon's regiment and changed its name to Nugent's, 1706; commanded his regiment at Ramillies, Oudenarde,and Malplaquet; promoted maréchal-de-camp, 1718.

[310] Christopher Nugent (fl. 1775), physician; graduated M.D. in France; practised in Bath; wrote on hydrophobia, 1763; removed to London, 1764: an original member of the Literary Club; F.R.S., 1765.

[311] Sir George Nugent, first baronet (1757–1849), field-marshal: entered the army, 1773; lieutenant, 1777; served in America; captain, 1778: major, 1782; lieutenant-colonel, 1783; accompanied the guards to Holland, 1793; raised a corps from Buckinghamshire; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1790-1800; lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, 1801-6; created baronet, 1806; commander-in-chief in India, 1811-15; general, 1813; G.O.B., 1815.

[312] John Nugent, fifth Earl of Westmeath (1672-1764), brother of Thomas Nugent, fourth earl of Westmeath; present at the battle of the Boyne and at Limerick: went to France, 1691; served with the army of Flanders till 1705; subsequently served under the French standard; major in the German army, 1720; brigadier, 1740; maréchal-de-camp, 1744; succeeded to the earldom, 1762; died at Nivelles.

[313] Lavall Nugent, Count Nugent (1777–1862), prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Austrian field-marshal; entered the Austrian engineer corps, 1793; lieutenant-colonel, 1805; came to England, 1812: visited Wellington in Spain, 1813; fought in the north of Italy, 1818, and became lieutenant-general, 1814; hon. K.O.B. of England, 1815; fought in the south of Italy, 1815-16, becoming a prince of the Holy Roman Empire, 1816: commanded the Neapolitan army, 1817-20; created a magnate of Hungary, 1826; organised two reserve corps daring the revolts of 1848-9, captured Essigg, secured control of the Danube, but unsuccessfully besieged Oomorn; became a field-marshal, 1849; died at Bosiljevo, near Karlstadt.

[314] Nicholas Nugent (d. 1689), chief justice of the common bench in Ireland; uncle of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; chief solicitor to the crown, 1566; served on several commissions; on Sir Henry Sidney's retirement from the lord-deputyship became chief- justice of the common pleas, but (1682) was arrested on a charge of treason; condemned and hanged, popular opinion attributing his death to the private malice of Sir Robert Dillon (d. 1697).

[315] Sir Richard Nugent, tenth Baron Delvin (d. 1460?), lord-deputy of Ireland: succeeded his father, 1415; sheriff of Meath, 1424; distinguished himself in the wars against the native Irish; lord-deputy, 1444 and 1449; seneschal of Meiith, 1452.

[316] Richard Nugent, twelfth Baron Delvin (d. 1538?), succeeded his father, 1493; assisted the lorddeputy against the Irish chiefs, 1504; J.P., 1515; joined the council, 1522; acted as vice-deputy of Ireland, 1527; seized by stratagem, 1528, and detained a prisoner at O'Conor's house till 1529; continued to fight actively against the rebels, and probably died on an expedition against O'Conor, 1538.

[317] Richard Nugent (d. 1604), poet; son of Nicholas Nugent; probably the author of Ric: Nugent's Cynthia (sonnets and madrigals), 1604.

[318] Sir Richard Nugent, fifteenth Baron Delvin, first Earl of Westmeath (1583-1642), son of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; succeeded his father, 1602; knighted, 1603; being exasperated by the revocation of a grant, joined a conspiracy, for which he was arrested, 1607; escaped from Dublin Castle, but submitted, 1608; summoned to England on account of parliamentary obstruction, 1614, but recovered favour and was created Earl of Westmeath, 1621; refused to join the rebels, 1641.

[319] Richard Nugent, second Earl of Westmeath (d. 1684), succeeded his grandfather, Sir Richard Nugent, first earl of Westmeath, 1642; raised a troop of horse and a regiment of foot for Charles 1, 1645; fieldmarshal, 1648; submitted to the parliamentary commissioners, 1652; raised a regiment for the Spanish service, 1653; arrested on suspicion, 1659; recovered his liberty and estates, 1660.

[320] Robert Nugent, Earl Nugent (1702–1788), who afterwards assumed the surname Craggs, politician and poet; M.P., St. Mawes, 1741-54, Bristol, 1754-74, and St. Mawes, 1774-84; became controller to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1747, and lent him money; created lord of the treasury, 1754; vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1760-5 and 1768-82: president of the board of trade, 1766-8; became Viscount Clare and Baron Nugent, 1766, and Earl Nugent, 1776; three times married, twice to rich widows, on which Horace Walpole invented the wordNugentizeto describe this practice; wrote various odes and poems, his ode to William Pulteney being so good that he was suspected of paying Mallet to write it.

[321] Thomas Nugent, titular Baron of Riverson (d. 1715), chief- justice of Ireland; sou of Richard Nugent, second earl of Westmeath; one of James II's council, 1685; judge of the king's bench, 1686; privy councillor and lord chief- justice, 1687; furthered James II's anti-protestant policy; on James's landing in Ireland became Baron Riverston and commissioner of the empty Irish treasury, 1689.

[322] Thomas Nugent , fourth Earl of Westmeath (1656-1752), served with James II at the Boyne, 1690, and at Limerick, 1691; succeeded his brother as fourth earl, 1714.

[323] Thomas Nugent (1700?–1772), miscellaneous writer; honorary LL.D. Aberdeen, 1765; F.S.A., 1767; wrote on travels and history and translated a great number of books, mostly from the French, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu.

[324] William Nugent (d. 1625), Irish rebel; brother of Sir Christopher Nugent, fourteenth baron Delvin; driven to rebellion by the unwise severity of Lord Grey; escaped to Rome, 1582, and, returning by Paris and Scotland, formally submitted: accused Sir Robert Dillon (d. 1597) of maladministration, 1591.

[325] Marianne Nunn (1778–1847), hymn-writer; wrote sacred pieces and hymns.

[326] William Nunn (1786–1840), brother of Marianne Nunn; wrote several hymns.

[327] Nunna or Nun (fl. 710), king of the South-Saxons; confirmed a charter of Nothelm, 692. His three charters in the Colchester register are of doubtful antiquity.

[328] Thomas Nunneley (1809–1870), surgeon; L.S.A., 1832; M.R.C.S., 1832; studied in Paris: practised in Leeds; surgeon to the Leeds Eye and Ear Hospital and the General Infirmary; studied and wrote on ophthalmic surgery in its scientific aspects.

[329] Thomas Nuthall (d. 1776), politician and public official; registrar of warrants in the excise office, 1740: receiver-general for hackney coaches, 174'J; solicitor to the treasury, 1 7f,5: secretary of bankrupt*), 1766: inr with William Pitt, afterwards earl of Chatham, marriage settlements he drew up.

[330] Joseph Nutt (1700–1775), surveyor of highways; introduced at Hinckley a system of flooding the highways to render them firm.

[331] Josiah Nuttall (1771–1849), naturalist; an expert taxidermist; published Belshazzar(epic poem), 1846.

[332] Thomas Nuttall (1786–1869), naturalist; went to America, 1807: professor of natural history at Harvard, 1822-34; wrote on the botany, geology, and ornithology of North America.

[333] Thomas Nuttall (1828–1890), lieutenant-general, Indian army; entered the army, 1846: lieutenant, 1847; captain, 1X56: suppressed the Bheel rebels, 1867; major, 1865; served in the Abyssinian expedition, 1867; lieutenant-colonel, 1871; colonel, 187S; brigadier-general in the Afghan expedition, 1878: specially disttngnislMd uimself at.Mai wand and Kandahar, 1880: lieutenant-general, 1887.

[334] William Nuttall (d. 1840), author and school-master; wrote, in doggerel verse, the first attempt at a history of Rochdale, 1810.

[335] William Nutter (1759?–1802), engraver and draughtsman; executed plates after leading English artists, 1780-1800, in Bartolozzi's stipple manner.

[336] Joseph Nutting (fl. 1700), engraver.

[337] John Nye ( ,. 1688), theological writer; son of Philip Nye; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford 1664; clerk to the triers 1654: conformed, 1660; rector of Quendon, 1669; published controversial works.

[338] Nathaniel Nye (fl. 1648), author; wrote 'The Art of Gunnery (1647), for tin- hHp of gunners and other* nut well versed in;inthm.-tic; published an almanac for l.;r, and two others for 1645.

[339] Philip Nye (1596?–1672), independent divine; M.A. M:u'd:il. i hill, Oxford, 1622; bin retirement to Hoil.u.d 1K33-40) necessitated by his nonconformity; vicar of Kimbolton; summoned to the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1643. when- he took decided part with the 4 dissenting brethren who objected to the aswuibly's proposition- on church government; desired uniformity, but only in institutions and proponed to tolerate all peaceable preachers; on the commission of triers, 1654, of expurgators, 1654; took part in the Savoy conference, 1659; lost his preferments, 1660; preached in London, 1666, and ministered in Queen Street, 1672; published theological works, separately and with other dissenters.

[340] Stephen Nye (1648?–1719), theological writer; son of John Nye; B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1665: rector of Little Honnead, 1679; intimate with Thomas Kinnin, and took part in the current controversies on the Trinity; believed to have invented i the term Unitarian

[341] Alexander Nyndge (fl. 1573), demoniac; lived at Lyeringswell, Suffolk: suffered from epileptic or hysterical attacks, 1573; an account of his condition written by his brother Edward.

[342] John Nyren (fl. 1830), cousin of John Nyren (1764-1837); author of Tables of the Duties, Bounties, and Drawbacks of Customs 1830.

[343] John Nyren (1764–1837), cricket chronicler; interested himself in cricket from an early age; belonged to the Hambledon Club; a left-handed batsman of average ability and a fine field at point and middle wicket. His recollections were published in The Young Cricketer's Tutor (edited by Charles Cowden Clark, 1833).

[344] Sir Charles Oakeley, first baronet (1761–1826), governor of Madras; nominated to a writership in the East India Company, 1766; became secretary, 1773: judge advocate-general and translator, 1777-80; president of the committee of assigned revenue of the nabob of Arcot, 1781-4; president of the Madras board of revenue, 1786-8; named governor of Madras, 1790; created baronet, 1790; improved the administration, retrenched expenses, resumed cash payments, and was able to supply Lord Cornwallis with money, grain, and cattle, 1791; in sole charge of Madras as governor, 1792: converted the company's floating debt and equipped the Pondicherry expedition, 1793, without disturbing government credit: retired, 1795.

[345] Frederick Oakeley (1802–1880), tractarian; son of Sir Charles Oakeley; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford. 1824; chaplain-fel'low of Balliol College, Oxford, 1827; joined the tractarian movement; prebendary of Lichfleld, 1830; appointed Whitehall preacher, 1837, and incumbent of Margaret Chapel, London, 1839, where he introduced ritualism: joined the Roman communion, 1846, and was an original canon of the Roman catholic diocese of Westminster, 1852; published theological works before and after his secession.

[346] Sir Herbert Oakeley , third baronet (1791-1845), archdeacon of Colchester; son of Sir Charles Oakeley; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford (senior student): M.A., 1813; domestic chaplain to Dr. Howley, bishop of London, 1814-22: prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1822; succeeded his brother as baronet, 1830; rector of Bocking, 1834; archdeacon of Colchester, 1841; one of the first to institute district visitors and Sunday schools.

[347] Sir Henry Oakes , second baronet (1756-1827), lieutenant-general, East India Company's service; brother I of Sir Hildebrand Oakes; second lieutenant, 1776; ! taken prisoner by Tippoo Sultan, 1783; served at Seringapatam and in Malabar; major, 1795: colonel, 1802: major-general, 1810; lieutenant-general, 1814; succeeded I his brother as baronet, 1822: committed suicide.

[348] Sir Hildebrand Oakes, first baronet (1764-1822), lieutenant-general; entered the army, 1767; served in America, 1775, in Corsica, 1794-6, in Egypt, 1801; brigadier-general at Malta, 1802-4: major, 1791: lieutenant-colonel, 1795; colonel, 1798: major-general, 1806: lieutenant-general, 1811; created baronet, 1813; G.C.B., 1820.

[349] John Wright Oakes (1820–1887), landscape-painter; painted landscapes, chiefly of Welsh mountains, from 1843; A.R.A., 1876.

[350] Thomas Oakes (1644–1719), speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives: born at Cambridge, Massachusetts; brother of Urian Oakes; graduated at Harvard, 1662: was elected representative and (1689 and 1706) chosen speaker: represented Massachusetts in England, 1689.

[351] Urian Oakes (1631?–1681), New England divine; went as a boy to America: graduated at Harvard, 1649; incumbent of Titchfield, England, during the Commonwealth; ejected, 1662; pastor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1G71; president of Harvard, 1676; published

[352] Edward Oakley (fl. 1732), architect; published works on architecture and building.

[353] John Oakley (1834–1890), dean of Manchester; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1869; vicar of St, Saviour's, Boston, 1867-M: high-churchman and friend of th. tVr-s3.

[354] Ootaviu Oakley 8 (1800–1867), water-colour painter: exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1826-60; frequently painted groups of gipsies and was nicknamed Gipsy Oakley member o? the Society of P. 1.S44.

[355] John Oakman (1748?-1793), engraver and author; wrote worthless novels, popular songs and burlettas, and engraved wood illustrations for cheap literature.

[356] Henry Oasland or Osland (1625–1703), ejected minister; ALA. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1653; pastor of Bewdley, 1650; arrested on suspicion of complicity in Pakington's plot, 1661; released, 1662; associated with Baxter; ejected, 1662; preached regularly after 1688.

[357] Richard Oastler (1789–1861), 'the factory king articled to an architect; steward of the Fixby states, Huddersfleld, 1820; advocated the abolition of slavery and opposed catholic emancipation; his attention drawn to the evils of children's employment in factories, 1880; continually wrote and spoke for the improvement of factory legislation; objected to the new poor law and resisted the commissioners at Fixby, an action which ultimately resulted in his dUmU-sal from his stewardship, 1838, and imprisonment in the Fleet for debt, 1840-4: constantly wrote in periodicals on factory legislation; joint-editor of the Ashton Chronicle

[358] Francis Oates (1840–1875), traveller and naturalist: travelled in Central America and explored the Zambesi: amassed large collections; died near the Makalaka kraal; his journals edited by his brother, Charles George Oates, 1881.

[359] Titus Oates (1649–1705), perjurer ; expelled from Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, 1665, during his first year there; entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1M7; migrated to St. John's College, Cambridge, 1669, bat took no degree; vicar of Bobbing, 1673: imprisoned at Dover in consequence of his making a disgraceful charge against a Hastings schoolmaster; escaped before the trial and became a naval chaplain; expelled from the navy; us chaplain to the protestants in the Duke of Norfolk's household first came in contact with papists: met Israel Tonge, who employed him to produce diatribes against the Jesuits, 1676; became a Roman catholic, 1677, to procure further information, and entered the Jesuit College at Valladolid, whence he was expellwl after five monthsresidence; expelled also from St. Omer: fabricated thepopish plot which he and Tonge affirmed before Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey 1678, his revelations being in effect that Charles II was to be killed and the country administered by the Jesuits alleged that the details had been settled at ageneral ooMolf odd at the White Horse Tavern, Fleet Street, in April 1678; summoned to repeat his story before the Bedloe and others, the result being that about thirty-five men were judicially murdered; lost prestige by the acquittal of Queen Catherine of Braganza's physician, Wake SlTj li 7 Sf 08 * 8 8 8ucoe8sful defence of himlf, January 1680: his pension reduced, April 1682, and in August stopped altogether; tried for perjury, May tLSrfSfXJf S 1 f T lrfe: hl8 "enoe d himself (1689) set at liberty; married a rich SU!; lyJkS 01 WM ? owed ***- to p*y hi8 debt8 and wstoo of SOW. a year, 1698: joined the Wapping baptists preached, but was expelled, 1701,as a ff 1 * hypocrite published many i the popish plot and against the Jesuits. i*2f5a25jr """ w -" w - tss*.

[360] Thomas Lewis O'Beirne (1748?-1823), divine and pamphleteer; u Roman catholic 'views; chaplain in secretary to Lord Fitzwilliam in Ireland, 1794; bishop of Ossory, 1795; translated to Meath, 1798; wrote controversial tracts and whig pamphlets.

[361] Tighearnach O'Braien (d. 1088), Irish annalist: abbot of Clonmacnoise and of Roscommou; wrote annals, in which Irisli events are synchronised with those of Europe.

[362] Barnabas O'Brien, sixth Earl of Thomond (d. 1657), son of Donough O'Brien, fourth Earl of Thomond; succeeded his brother, 1639; lord-lieutenant of Clare, 1640-1: his rents seized, 1644; admitted a parliamentary garrison to Bunratty Castle and went to England: joined Charles I; successfully petitioned parliament for 2,000l. spent in the parliamentary cause.

[363] Brian Ruadh O'Brien (d. 1276), kiu of Thomoud; son of Couchobhar O'Brien; inaugurated king, 1267; allied himself with De Clare, to defend himself against the rebellious Turlough O'Brien; defeated with his ally; hanged by De Clare in mortification at his defeat,

[364] Charles O'Brien, fifth Viscount Clare (d. 1706), son of Daniel O'Brien, third viscount Clare; served in James II's army in Ireland, 1689-91; went to France, 1692; succeeded his brother, 1693; colonel of the Clare regiment, 1696: marechal-de-camp, 1704; mortally wounded at Ramillies. 1706.

[365] Charles O'Brien, sixth Viscount Clare (1699-1761), son of Charles O'Brien, fifth viscount Clare; succeeded his father, 170G: visited England, 1716; officer in the French array: distinguished himself at Dettingen, ; 1743, and Fontenoy, 1745; created marechal, 1757; died at Montpellier.

[366] Conchobar O'Brien (d. 1267), king of Thomond; succeeded his father, Donogh Cairbrech O'Brien !, 1242; had some success against the English, 1257; mustered an army and fought in King's County, Tipperary, and Clare; defeated and slain at Belaclugga.

[367] Conor O'Brien (d. 1539), prince of Thomond: succeeded to Thomond, 1528: with his sons by his second marriage supported Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, his son by his first marriage siding with the Butlers; defeated at O'Brien's Bridge, 1536; made peace, 1537.

[368] Conor O'Brien, third Earl of Thomond (1534?-1581), called Groibleach, or Long-nailed grandson of Conor O'Brien (d. 1539); succeeded to the earldom, 1553; his right to the lordship of Thomond disputed by his uncle, Donnell; confirmed in his possessions by the Earl of Sussex, 1558, who proclaimed his uncles traitors, though peace was not established till 1565; intrigued with thearch-rebelFitzgerald, 1569, and fled to France; returned to Ireland and received pardon, 1571, with the restoration of his lands, 1573.

[369] Daniel O'Brien, first Viscount Clare (1577?-1663), called of Moyarta and Carrigaholt; grandson of to Anh v to Aubigny, . chaplain and became a Roman catholic; prominent in the disturbances in the Irish parliament as member for co. Clare; joined the Kilkenny confederation, 1641; fled abroad to Charles II, 1651; created Viscount Clare, 1663.

[370] Daniel O'Brien, third Viscount Clare (d. 1690), followed Charles II into exile; lord-lieutenant of Clare under James II: Irish privy councillor; sat among the peers, 1689; raised regiments for James II's service.

[371] Domnhall O'Brien (d. 1194), king of Munster; son of Turlough O'Brien (1009-1086); became king, 1168; engaged in plundering wars and blinded rival chiefs; frequently successful against the English, but submitted to Henry II, 1171.

[372] Donat Henchy O'Brien (1785-1857), rear-admiral; entered navy, 1796; wrecked and taken prisoner to Verdun, 1804; escaped, 1808; commander, 1813; rearadmiral, 1852; published an account of his imprisonment and escape.

[373] Donogh Cairbrech O'Brien (d. 1242), king of Thomond; son of Domhnall O'Brien; betrayed his brother Murtogh to the English and succeeded him, 1208; successfully ravaged the south of Ireland.

[374] Donogh O'Brien (d. 1064), king of Munster; son of Brian (920-1014); ohtainrd -iipn-niacy over iuwn t OHory,and Leinstx?r; deposed, 106 1, M'iittoi;oi M,.. and died there.

[375] Donough O'Brien, Baron of Ibrickan and fourth Earl of Thomond (d. 1624), son of Conor niri.-n, third earl of Thomond; succeeded his father. 15H1; Mated in suppn--iiu Tyrone's rebelliou, 1595; gov.-rnor of Clare and privy nmm-illor, 1599; constantly employed in the war, ItiUO; visited England and, oil his return, took part in the siege of Kiusale, 1601; obtained the transfer of Clare from the jurisdiction of Connauirht to .Minister, 1C02; president of Muuster, 1605; governor of Clare, 1619.

[376] Edward O'Brien (1808-1840), author; brother of William Smith O'Brien; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1832; published The Lawyer 1842, a work depicting a lawyer of ideal holiness.

[377] Henry O'Brien (1808-1836), antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1831: published "The Reund Towers of Ireland 1834, with the object of proving them Buddhistic remains.

[378] James O'Brien, third Marquis of Thomond and seventh Earl of Inchiquin (1769-1855), admiral: entered the navy, 1783; commander, 1796: rear-admiral, 1826; vice-admiral, 1837; admiral, 1847; lord of the bedchamber, 1830; Q.O.H., 1831; succeeded his brother, 1846.

[379] James O'Brien (1805-1864), chartist; B.A. Dublin, 1829; entered Gray's Inn; became practically editor of the Poor Man's Guardian 1831, signing himselfBronterre steadily developed revolutionary views; was a prominent chartist, and at first advocated physical force, contributing violent articles to the 'Northern Star: imprisoned for seditious speaking, 1840: quarrelled with Feargus O'Connor; edited various newspapers and lectured on the nationalisation of the laud and other topics.

[380] James Thomas O'Brien (1792-1874), bishop of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin: B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1815; fellow, 1820; D.D., 1830; instituted dean of Cork, 1842; bishop of Ossory, 1842; wrote on justification by faith and the evidences of religion, and opposed the Oxford movement

[381] John O'Brien (d. 1767), Irish catholic prelate; vicar-general of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross; on the separation of Cork and Cloyne (1747) was appointed bishop of Cloyne and Ross; said to have compiled an Irish-English dictionary, published, 1768; edited the statutes of Cloyue and Ross, 1756: his work on gavelkind and tanistry in Ireland, published, 1774-5.

[382] Sir Lucius Henry O'Brien, third baronet (d. 1795), Irish politician; entered parliament as member for Ennis, 1763; prominent member of the popular party; endeavoured to remove trade restrictions between England and Ireland, and agitated for Irish legislative independence; succeeded as baronet, 1766: M.P.,co. Clare, 1768-76, Ennis, 1776-83, Tuam, 1783-90, Ennis, again, 1790-5; privy, councillor, 1787; clerk of the crown and hanaper in the high court of chancery, 1787.

[383] Matthew O'Brien (1814-1865), mathematician; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1841; lecturer at Wool- I wich, 1849-56, and at King's College, London, 1844-54; wrote on mathematics.

[384] Murrough O'Brien, first Earl of Thomond and Baron Inchiquin (d. 1551), succeeded his brother, Conor O'Brien (d. 1539), in the lordship of Thomond, 1539; agreed to conditions of puace and submission, 1541; created Earl of Tbomond with reversion to his nephew, his son being created Baron Inchiquin, 1543; visited England for his installation, 1543.

[385] Murrough O'Brien, first Earl of Inchiquin and sixth Baron Inchiquin (1614-1674), known as 'Murchadh na atoithean' or 'of the conflagrations' studied war in the Spanish service; accompanied Strafford into Leinster on the outbreak of the Irish rebellion, 1641; governor of Munster, 1642; had some small success, but was hampered by lack of funds; outwitted the Irish leader, Muskerry, at Cappequin and Lismore: his forces dispersed at the truce, 1643; visited Charles I at Oxford, 1644; forced to submit to parliament, 1644, the parliamentarians being masters of sea, and therefore the only people who could help the Munster protestants; made president of Munster: applies having been brought him by Philip Sidney lord Lisle (afterwards the third earl of Leicester) [q.v.], 1647, he became gradually master of the south of Ireland; declared for Charles II, 1648; fortified the southern ports against parliament; made a truce with the confederate catholics, 1648; joined by Ormonde, with whom he got possession of Drogheda and Dundalk; lost influence in Munster, which revolted after Cromwell's landing, 1649; made some stand at Kilmallock, 1649, but after retiring west of the Shannon left Ireland for France, 1650; made one of the royal council and created earl of Inchiquin, 1654; served under the French in Catalonia, 1654: engaged in the Sexby plot, 1656, and became a Roman catholic; taken prisoner by the Algerines, 1660, but ransomed the same year; became high steward of Queen Henrietta Maria's household; lived quietly in Ireland after 1663.

[386] Murtogh O'Brien (d. 1119), king of Munster; son of Turlough O'Brien; constantly at war with his neighbours; became king, 1086; made a circuit of Ireland in six week, 1101.

[387] Patrick O'Brien (1761?-1806). See Cotter.

[388] Paul O'Brien (1750?-1820), professor of Irish at Maynooth, 1802; published a Practical Grammar of the Irish Language 1809.

[389] Terence O'Brien or Toirdelbhach (d 1460), bishop of Killaloe; treacherously slain,

[390] Terence Albert O'Brien (1600-1661), bishop of Emly: educated at Limerick and Toledo; became prior of the Limerick Dominicans; provincial of the Irish Dominicans, 1643; bishop of Emly, 1647; joined Rinuccini's party: exhorted resistance against the Cromwellians at Limerick, 1651, aud nursed the sufferers; by Ireton.

[391] Turlough O'Brien (1009-1086), king of Munster relative of Brian (926-1014); disputed the chieftainship of the Dal Cais with his kinsman, Murchadh, 1065-64: became king of Munster, 1067; robbed Clonmacnoise, 1073, and attacked his neighbours with moderate success.

[392] William O'Brien, second Earl of Inchiquin (16387-1692), sou of Murrough O'Brien, first earl of Inchiquin; taken prisoner by the Algeriue*, 1660; governor of Tangier, 1674-80; succeeded as second earl, 1674; welcomed William of Orange, 1688; attainted by the Irish parliament, 1689; successfully headed the Munster protestants against the Roman catholics; appointed governor of Jamaica, 1690, where his troubles with the French and the negroes finally caused his death.

[393] William O'Brien (d. 1815), actor and dramatist; engaged by Garrick to replace Woodward, 1758; left the stage on his marriage to Lady Susan Fox-Strangways, 1764; lived for a time in America; subsequently became receiver-general of Dorset; produced Cross Purposes 1772, and The Duel 1773.

[394] William Smith O'Brien (1803-1864), Irish nationalist; brother of Edward O'Brien; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1826; M.P., KnnU. 1828-31: as a supporter of Peel approved of catholic emancipation, and brought in an Irish poor-law bill, 1831; M.P., co. Limerick, 1835-49; made repeated efforts to improve the poor relief and education in Ireland; joined the Repeal Association, 1843; in the custody of the serjeant-at-arms, April-May 1846, for refusing to serve on a railway committee; seceded from the Repeal Association and founded the Irish confederation to attain an Irish parliament by force of opinion only, 1846; urged the formation of a national guard in Ireland, 1848, for which he was tried, the jury being discharged as unable to agree; failing to raise the towns, made an abortive insurrection in the rural districts, was arrested on a charge of high treason, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, 1848, his sentence being commuted to transportation for life: refused a ticket -of -leave and was confined on Maria island, Tasmania; pardon, except for the United Kingdom, granted him. 1864: settled at Brussels; received an unconditional pardon. 1856; visited America, 1859, and Poland, 1863; wrote during his exile the greater part of his Principles of Government (published, 1866).

[395] Flaibhertach O'Brolchain (d. 1175), first blsboo of Derrv: abbot of Derry, 1150, and chief of the umban churches: obtained grants of cuttle from (im-1 Koffhain convocation at Uric Mic Taidhp. U58.wben the p*pul legate maile him hi-hop of Derry: obuin1 grant of cattle from the kin of I.ssc-r Ulster, :uil built hU OJitliolr.il. 1164.

[396] David O'Bruadair (fl. 1660-1694), Irish poet; a difficult Irish metre, Dan direcb, correctly: a .!..,.,;;.., fUleiici of the feeling tin- MriMpaudog m-ntry of Munsu-r suppliM by his writings; about twenty of hU poems extant.

[397] William Bryan (1778–1868), founder of the Bible Christian sect; was converted to Wesleyanisin, 179ft: expelled from the society in consequence of differenoe* about discipline, 1810: gradually formed a sect, the Arminlan Bible Christians 1816, part of which seceded, 1829: went to America, 1831: published Rules of Society 1813: died at Brooklyn.

[398] Dennis O'Bryen (1755-1832), dramatist and political pamphleteer; wroteA Friend in Need is a Friend indeed (comedy), 1783; supported Fox in various political pamphlet*.

[399] Edward O'Bryen (1754?-1808), rear-admiral; entered the navy, e, 1767; commander, 1783; distinguished himself at Camperdown, 1797; rear-admiral, ES

[400] Fiagh MacHugh O'Byrne (1544?-1597), in Irish Fiacha mac Aodha ua Broin, chief of the O'Byrnes of Wicklow: combined with Rory Oge O'More, 1571; was implicated in the murder of Robert Browne, 1572. and defeated the seneschal, but was pardoned, 1573; invaded Wexford, 1580, and, joining Baltinglas, advanced within ten miles of Dublin, plundering and burning, but after some negotiations submitted and was pardoned, Ift81; renewed his submission, 1584, 1586, and 1588: held responsible (1594) for his son's outrage on the sheriff of Kiklare, and proclaimed traitor; again submitted, 1595, and appealed to Queen Elizabeth, 1696, but immediately joined Tyrone: captured and beheaded.

[401] William Richard O'Byrne (1823-1896), author of Naval Biographical Dictionary which was begun 1845, and published 1849; succeeded to Cabinteely estate, co. Wicklow; M.P., co. Wicklow, 1874-80; died in distressed circumstances owing to depreciation of Irish land.

[402] Sir Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan or O'Kane, or The Freckled (d. 1617?), Irish chieftain; chief vassal of Tyrone; rebelled under Tyrone, 1598, but submitted after siege of Kinsale on the promise of holding his lands direct from the crown, and he proceeded at law (1606) against Tyrone, who claimed his submission; knighted, 1607; surrendered for trial and was imprisoned in Dublin, 1609; transferred to London, dying in the Tower without being tried.

[403] Edmund Bailey Callaghan (1797–1880), historian: studied medicine at Paris; emigrated to Canada, 1823: fled to the States when the 1837 rising in Canada failed: attached to the secretary of state's office; publishedHistory of New Netherland 1846, andState Records 1849-61.

[404] John Cornelius O'Callaghan (1805-1883), Irish historical writer; called to the Irish bar, 1829; wrote for periodicals, including the Nation; published a History of the Irish Brigades in the Service of France 1869.

[405] Sir Robert William O'Callaghan (1777-1840), general; entered the army, 1794; captain, 1795; lieutenant-colonel, 1803: distinguished himself in the Peninsula; major-general, 1814; appointed comniaiulcr at Madras, 1880-6; G.C.B., 1838.

[406] Gilla-an-Choimhdedh O'Caran (d. 1180), archbishop of Armagh; bishop of Cinel Conaill; archbishop of Armagh, 1176; held office during Cardinal Viriamu's visitation.

[407] Torlogh O'Carolan or Carolan (1670-1738), Irish bard; became blind from small-pox, 1684; began as a bard, 1692; repaid hospitality in songs named after his entertainers, sucl asGracey Nugent Bridget Cruise and the famous.leceipt for Drinking or 1'liuixty Stafford About fiftj of his pieces survive in Irish collections.

[408] Maolsuthain O'Carroll (d. 1031), confessor of Brian (926-1014), king of Ireland; accompanied Brian in his journey round Ireland, 1004: wrote a short chapter in the Book of Armagh

[409] Margaret O'Carroll (d. 1451). hospitable lady: married Calbhach O'Connor Faly; but retained her maiden name; gave two great entertainments to learned mm.

[410] Nicholas of Occam (fl. 1280), Franciscan; also called Nicholas de Hotham; disputed at Oxford and wrote sermons.

[411] William Occam (d. 1349?). See Ockham.

[412] Thomas Occleve (1370?–1450?). See Hoccleve.

[413] O'Cearbhall, Lord of Ossory (d. 888). See Cearbhall.

[414] Brian O'Cearnaidh (1567-1640). See Barnabas Kearney.

[415] Ochiltree, second Baron (fl. 1548–1593). See Andrew Stewart.

[416] Michael Ochiltree (fl. 1425–1445), bishop of Dunblane; dean of Dunblane before 1425; became bishop before 1430.

[417] Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564), reformer; born at Siena; quitted the Observantine Franciscans, 1534, for the Capuchins; became an extraordinarily eloquent preacher; chosen vicar-general of the Capuchins, 1538; fled to Geneva on the establishment of the inquisition, 1542: settled at Augsburg, 1545: migrated to England, 1547; prebendary of Canterbury, 1548; returned to Basle on Queen Mary's accession and was for a time pastor of ZUrich; expelled from Switzerland in consequence of hisThirty Dialogueson the Trinity, 1563; went to Poland, but was not allowed to remain there, and died at Slakow in Moravia; published theological works in Italian, most of which were translated into English.

[418] Johann Rudolph Ochs (1673–1749), medallist; born at Bern; cut seals and engraved gems: came to England, 1719, and was employed at the royal mint.

[419] John Ralph Ochs or Ocks (1704–1788), medallist; sou of Johann Rudolph Ochs; employed at the royal mint of England from 1741.

[420] Sir David Ochterlony , first baronet (1758–1825), conqueror of Nipal (Nepaul); bora at Boston, Massachusetts; entered the Bengal army, 1777; lieutenant, 1778; served under Sir Eyre Ooote against the French; major, 1800; lieutenant-colonel, 1803: appointed British resident at Delhi, 1803: defended Delhi against Holkar, 1804; colonel, 1812; major-general, 1814; his column the only one of the four invading Nipal which was successful; took Nalagur, 1814, and advanced to Bilaspur, 1814; defeated Amar Singh after desperate fighting, May 1815; created baronet and K.C.B.; negotiated a treaty with the Gurkha government, 1815, which it subsequently refused to ratify; again took the field to march on Kbatmandu; obliged the Gurkhas to evacuate the Kourea Ghat pass and defeated them within twenty miles of Khatmandu, 1816, after which the treaty was duly ratified and faithfully kept; G.C.B., 1816; made a peaceable settlement with Amir Khan, 1818, and effected the disarmament of the Pathan forces; took a large part in the reconstruction of government in Central India, in the course of which Balwant Singh, a boy of six, was recognised as raja of Bhartpur, 1825; proceeded to uphold Balwant Singh against his rebellious cousin by force of arms; died at Mirat broken-hearted by the decision of the governor-general to investigate the matter before allowing him to carry out his intention.

[421] Barons of Ockham . See KINO, PETER, first BARON Kino 1669–1734; KINO, PKTKK, seventh BARON KINO, 1776-1833.

[422] Nicholas of Ockham (fl. 1280). See Occam.

[423] William Ockham or Occam (d. 1349?), 'Doctor invincibilis; studied at Oxford, possibly under Duns Scotus: became a Fraiu-i.-i-nn: l;.. x fonl; wait to Paris and associated with Mareiglio; D.I), 1'arU;.-uteri-d into the Franciscan controversy concerning pm ilHVixled (1323) against Pope John XXII. tbedootna 'evangelical poverty. 1 mvepte.1 (i:?:") by tin- chap lVni'_'ia; va: Imprisoned nt Avignon on a charge of heivsy, 1328, but escaped to tin- emperor at Pisa; aoeomMaied him back to Bavaria, 1330, and resided in tin Franciscan house at Munich, where, with Michael l:i Oeseua, he was a leader of the evangelical poveru minority; refuted in Opus nonaginta Dierum (e. i::i'M tin- pope's treatise against it, sentence by sentence and in Compendium errorum papae (c. 1338) made him answerable for seventy errors and seven heresies; defended the contention of Lewis of Bavaria that his election to the empire wa valid without the pope's confirmation, and elaborated the general discussion of the nature of imperial and papal authority in a Dialogus which is incomplete as we have it now; was vicar of his order from 1342, but passed on the ring of office, 1349, and probably was reconciled to the pope upon the recantation of his more obnoxious doctrines; died and was buried at Munich. His eminence lies in his work in logic, philosophy, and political theory. He was the second founder of nominalism, and made the method of logic known as the Byzantine logic his fundamental basis. The title Venerabilis Inceptor is apparently older than the more familiar Doctor invincibilis

[424] Christopher Ockland (d. 1590?). See Ocland.

[425] Simon Ockley (1678–1720), orientalist; entered Queens' College, Cambridge, 1693, where he was made Hebrew lecturer; M.A. Cambridge (incorporated at Oxford, 1706); B.D. Cambridge, 1710; became curate and subsequently vicar of Swavesey, 1705; his History of the Saracens published 1708-57, the main source of the average notions of Mohammedan history for generations; frequently visited Oxford to consult Arabic manuscripts; appointed professor of Arabic at Cambridge, 1711; translated the Second Book of Esdras from the Arabic, 1716, and other Arabic works.

[426] John Ralph Ocks (1704–1788). See Ochs.

[427] Christopher Ocland (d. 1590?), Latin poet and controversialist; a schoolmaster at Cheltenham and Greenwich; his Anglorum Praelia, 1580, ordered to be used in grammar schools; published also Latin poems on Queen Elizabeth.

[428] Cucoigriche O'Clery (d. 1664), Irish chronicler; son of Lughaidh O'Clery; assisted Michael O'Clery in compiling the Annals of the Four Masters and wrote poems.

[429] Lughaidh O'Clery (fl. 1609), Irish historian; became chief of his sept, 1595; took part in the contention between the northern and southern Irish bards, 1600; dictated Life of Aodh Ruadh O'Donnell (translated, 1820).

[430] Michael O'Clery (1575-1643), Irish chronicler: third cousin of Cucoigcriche O'Clery; was baptised Tadhg, but entered the Franciscan order as Michael; studied Irish history and literature in East Munster; entered the Louvain convent and was sent (1620) to collect Irish manuscripts, especially historical and hagiological ones; assisted by other Irish scholars composed The Royal List of Irish kings and their pedigrees, 1624-30, the Book of Invasions 1627-31, a digest of the Annals of Kingdom of Ireland or Annals of the Four Masters 1632-6, and Martyrologium Sanctorum Hiberniae 1636.

[431] Dermot O'Cobhthaigh (fl. 1684), Irish poet; belonged to a family of hereditary poets; wrote a lament for a murdered kinsman and five theological poems.

[432] Count Daniel O'Connell or Daniel Charles (17457-1833) French general; uncle of Daniel O'Oonnell (1775-1847), called the Liberator; entered the French army, 1760; became adjutant of the Clare regiment; obtained the cross of St. Louis for a pamphlet on army discipline; wounded at Gibraltar; be came colonel of the Salm-Salm regiment: accepted the revolution, but (179S) joined the Bourbons; suggested the formation of un Irish brigade to I'itt, 1 brigade to Pitt, 1796; lieuU-nantrgeneral under the Bourbon*; died at Madon,

[433] Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847), Irish politician, l.-.l tl,e i...iMT.it.r;.-literal the Km 17'Jl; v u s tntm-ft-iral to Douay, 1798, which wmt suppressed, 1793; entered Lincoln Inn, 1794; called to tin- Irish bar, 1798; joined the Munster circuit and toon uue.l a r. putaiHin for legal ability and unrivalled power of cross-examination; protested, in his first public speech (1800), against the insinuation that Roman catholic* approved the Act of Union; signed a petition for catholic emancipation, 1805, and was chairman of a nub-committee for reporting on the laws affecting catholic*, 1811; vigorously opposed Grattau's bill, 1813, as inadequate,restricted in principle and doubtful in iU wording: leading counsel for Magee, proprietor and editor of theDublin Evening Post 1813; powerfully vindicated the catholic policy, knowing the court to be hostile; challenged by a Dublin merchant named D'Esterre, whom he fatally wounded, 1815; arrested in London on his way to the continent, his projected duel with Peel having been frustrated in Ireland, and bound over to keep the peace; formed the Catholic Association to deal with practical questions and grievances which pressed on the catholic peasant, 1823; started (1824) thecatholic rent which made all who paid one shilling a year to the Catholic Association members, by which a spirit of hope was infused into the peasantry; gained thereby a high place in the estimation of his countrymen; his work thwarted (February 1825) by a bill which suppressed the association, and by the rejection of the Catholic Relief Bill by the Lords: founded, August 1826, his Order of Liberators to which every man who bad performed one real act of service to Ireland was entitled to belong, with the object of preventing feuds and riots at fairs, discountenancing secret societies, and making the franchise effective; elected M.P. for co. Clare at a byeelection, 1828; believed that in the absence of a direct prohibition in the Act of Union no legal obstacle could prevent a duly elected Roman catholic from taking his seat; found that before parliament reassembled it bad been determined to admit Roman catholics to parliament, the bill passing April 1829; refused to take the oath of supremacy, on which his claim to sit was rejected; again returned unopposed, a national testimonial in the form of an annual tribute being provided for his expenses; published a series of letters giving his views on current political questions, 1830, and, after all the societies which he formed to prepare the way for the repeal of the union bad been promptly suppressed, was finally arrested, 1831, for evading the proclamations; skilfully averted a riot in Dublin; the prosecution of him dropped through the influence of English reformers; considered parliamentary reform a necessary step to the repeal of the union, but failed to obtain the restoration of the forty-shilling freeholders: returned, unsolicited, for Dublin, 1832; moved for the appointment of a committee to inquire into and report on the union, 1834: was defeated, but created a more conciliatory disposition towards Ireland, which in 1835, when the balance of power lay in his hands, issued in theLichfield House compactand the impartial government of Thomas Drummond; denunciations and charges of corruption excited by his friendly relations with the ministry; rendered valuable assistance to the English Municipal Corporations Bill, and agitated for similar reform in Ireland; founded the Repeal Association, 1840, on the lines of the old Catholic Association, and addressed meetings on the subject in Ireland and England; elected lord mayor of Dublin, 1841: refrained from agitation during his year of office; his cause considerably strengthened by the establishment of the 'Nationnewspaper, 1842; countermanded the meeting at Olontarf, thereby averting the danger which would otherwise have arisen from the suppression of the existing agitation by parliament, 1843; arrested on a charge of creating discontent and disaffection, and sentenced to a fine of 2,000. and a year's imprisonment, 1844, but liberated, judgment being reversed on appeal, 1844; wrote in favour of federalism, but withdrew his offer of co-operation with federalist advocates, as it was interpreted as an abandonment of repeal: called attention to the constant distress in Ireland, 1846, and made his last appeal to the houw, February 1847: went fibroid on account of his health and died at Genoa. The system of constitutional agitation by mas* meetings, in his hands, reached a perfection never before attained, and he recreated national feeling in Ireland.

[434] John O'Connell (1810-1858), Irish politician; son of Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator; called to the Irish bar: MJ., Youghal, 1832-7, Athlone, 1837-41, Kilkenny, 1841-7, Limerick, 1847-81, Clonmel, 1853-7; actively assisted his father in the repeal agitation, and shared his trial and imprisonment, 1844; succeeded his * of the Repeal Association, which failed (1848) for lack of funds; joined the whigs and, as young Office, Ireland, 1857; pnblis (1846) of his father and var Association. tried to start agitation; clerk of the Hannper ishedLife and Speeches various reports for the Repeal

[435] Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell (1812-1879), soldier and colonial statesman; son of Sir Muurice Charles Philip O'Connell; born at Sydney; educated in England, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Paris; entered the army, 1828; lieutenant, 1834; raised a regiment in Ireland for wvice in Spain, 1835; captain, 1838; went to New South Wales, where he was member of the legislative council for Port Philip, 1845-8, and appointed commissioner for crown lauds, 1848; member of the legislative council of Queensland, 1859, and president of the council, 1861-79; kni K -!,t,,l. IM;S

[436] Sir Maurice Charles Philip O'Connell (d. 1848), lieutenant-general; educated in Paris by his kinsman, Daniel O'Connell (1745 ?-1833); a captain in the French service by 1792; came into the English ranrice on the transfer of the Irish brigade, 1794; served with distinction in the West Indies; lieutenant-colonel and lieutenantrgovernor of New South Wales, 1809-14; knighted and K.C.H., 1834; major-general commanding the forces in New South Wales, 1838-46; lieutenantgeneral, 1841; died at Sydney.

[437] Morgan O'Connell (1804-1885), politician; son of Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator; served in the Irish South American legion and the Austrian army; M.P., Meath, 1832-40; assistant-registrar of deeds for Ireland, 1840-68; did not agree with his father on the repeal question, but fought a duel with William, second baron Alvanley, on his father's account.

[438] Moritz O'Connell, Baron O'Connell (1740?-1830), Austrian officer; went abroad with Daniel, count O'Connell (1745?-1833), 1762, entered the Austrian army, was imperial chamberlain fifty-nine years, and became a baron; died at Vienna.

[439] Peter O'Connell (1746-1826), Irish lexicographer; a schoolmaster who studied old Irish manuscripts and prepared an Irish dictionary, 1785-1819, but was unable to publish it. The manuscript was finally purchased by the British Museum.

[440] Aedh O'Connor (d. 1067), king of Connaught; called an gha bhearnatghr, 'of the clipped spear'; contended with the O'Rourkes for the kingship throughout his life; killed their chief, 1039: defeated by them, 1; received the submission of the O'Briens 1059; admitted the supremacy of the king of Ailech, 1063; killed fighting against the O'Rourkes near Oranmore.

[441] Arthur O'Connor (1763 - 1852), Irish rebel; brother of Roger O'Connor q. v.; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1782; called to the Irish bar, 1788; Lt ?n The ?S* 1 !J! a T lillmeut for PhiliP-town, 1791-5; joined the l?7 T?A VS 6 i ?P ri80nedor seditious libel, 1797; editor of the Press; was arrested in England but, having given some information to the government, was despatched to Scotland, 1799; released and S to lJSLSFltSS? by N T leon Beuerttl of divi8ion; published books on political questions; died at Bignon.

[442] Bernard O'Connor (1666?-1698). See Connor.

[443] Brian O'Connor or Bernard (1490?-1560?), more properly known as Brian O'Conor Faly; succeeded to the lordship of Offaly, 1511; kept prisoner for nearly a year the vice-deputy, who had attem e Uberation from detention of his kinsman the earl of Kildare; took up arms, 1534, and thrSfgh Ms Mother raliir's treachery was compelled to submit, 1535; his country invaded by Lord Leonard Grey, 1537, who appointed Cahir lord of Offaly; forcibly expelled Cahir, and offered to submit, 1538; invaded the Pale, 1540, but submitted to St. Leger; kept the peace till 1547, when he joined O'More in an attack on the Pale; gave himself up, 1548, after St. Leger had made two inroads into Offaly, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London; escaped, 1552, but was rearrested; returned to Ireland, 1554, but was soon imprisoned in Dublin Castle, where he died.

[444] Calvach O'Connor (1584-1655), Irish commander; rumoured that he was to be made king of Connaught and the centre of the confederate party, 1641; attacked and routed, 1642; excepted from pardon, 1652.

[445] Cathal O'Connor (d. 1010), king of Connaught; became king, 980; built a bridge over the Shannon, 1000; entered the monastery of Clonmacnoise, 1003.

[446] Cathal O'Connor (1150?-1224), king of Connaught; called Croibhdheirg (red-handed), son, possibly illegitimate, of Turlough O'Connor, king of Ireland; opposed his brother and nephew, but succeeded as king, on the letter's death at Boyle, 1201; acknowledged King John's supremacy, 1215, but resisted Walter de Lacy, 1220 and 1224; founded three abbeys.

[447] Cathal O'Connor or O'Conor Faly, or Charles, otherwise known as Don Carlos (1540-1596), son of Brian O'Connor, brought up in Scotland; went to France, 1560; a spy in the service of Mary Queen of Scots; fled to Spain on the murder of Captain Henry Mackworth, 1582; joined the Spanish army; wrecked in the Spanish armada for the invasion of Ireland, 1596.

[448] Feargus O'Connor (1794-1855), chartist leader; son of Roger O'Connor; of Trinity College, Dublin; called to the Irish bar; took part in the reform agitation, 1831, and organised the electorate registration in Cork; returned as a repealer for co. Cork, 1832: associated with the extreme English radicals; unseated, 1835; travelled through the northern and midland districts advocating radicalism and, afterwards, the Pix points of the charter his paper, the Northern Star being the official organ of chartism; sentenced to eighteen monthsimprisonment at York, for seditious libel, 1840; quarrelled with most of the other leaders, 1841; advocated peasant proprietorship, and founded the National Land Company to buy estates and let them to subscribers by ballot, 1846; M.P., Nottingham, 1847; averted disturbances at the mass meeting on Kennington Common, 1848: visited America; pronounced insane, June 1852.

[449] Hugh O'Connor (1617-1669), Irish chief; captured and examined, 1642; entered into articles of surrender, 1652; served abroad; succeeded his father, Calvach O'Connor, as chief, 1656; applied to be reinstated after 1660, but died before his claim had been decided.

[450] James Arthur O'Connor (1791-1841?), painter; was brought up as an engraver, but took to landscapepainting; visited Brussels, 1826, Paris, 1832, Belgium and Rhenish Prussia, 1833; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1822-40.

[451] John O'Connor (1824-1887), Canadian statesman; born at Boston, Massachusetts; worked on his father's land; called to the Canadian bar, 1854: elected to the Canadian legislature for Essex, 1867; successively (18721873) president of the council, minister of inland revenue, and postmaster-general; elected for Russell County, 1878; again became president of the council and postmastergeneral; secretary of state; puisne judge at Ontario, 1884.

[452] John O'Connor (1830-1889), scene-painter and architectural painter; came to London, 1848, and obtained work at the theatre?; after 1867 exhibited at the Royal Academy, chiefly architectural subjects; visited Sedan, 1870, and Paris, during the Prussian occupation, 1871; made drawings of several court ceremonies; designed and directed tableaux vivants.

[453] Luke Smythe O'Connor (1806-1873), major-general; entered the army, 1827; captain, 1834; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1863: major-general, 1866; served with special distinction in West Africa (C.B., 1855) and in Jamaica; died at Dresden.

[454] Roderic O'Connor, or in Irish Ruaidhri (d. 1118), king of Connaught; son of Aedh O'Connor; became king, 1076; won a great victory at Cunhill, 1087; treacherously seized and blinded, 1092: retn Clonmacnoise.

[455] Roderic O'Connor, called in Irish Ruaidhri ua Conchobar (1116?-1198), king of Ireland; son of Turlough O'Connor; became king of Couuaught, 1166; ravaged the plain of Teffiu: suffered reverses at Athlone ami Ardee, 1159: took advantage of the weakness of the north, went to Dublin, and was inaugurated king of all Ireland, 1166; called two important assemblies, 1167 and 1168, to adopt laws and determine justice; granted ten cows annually for teaching scholars at Armagh, 1169; besieged Strougbow in Dublin, 1171, but was routed by him; acknowledged Henry II as his liege lord, 1175; entered the abbey of Ooug and died tin -re.

[456] Roger O'Connor (1762-1884), Irish nationalist; brother of Arthur O'Connor: called to the English bar, 1784; joined the United Irishmen: arrested, 1797, but liberated, 1798; imprisoned for some years with his brother Arthur: rearrested for raiding the Galway coach, 1817, but acquitted; published Chronicles of Eri 1822, mainly imaginative.

[457] Turlough O'Connor (1088-1156), king of Irelaud; called in Irish Toirdhealbhach m6r ua Conchobbair; son of Roderic O'Connor (. 1118); became king of Connaught, 1106; made war on his neighbours with varying success; allied himself to Murchadh O'Mueleachlainn, 1118, but in 1120 drove him into the north and assumed the kingship of Ireland; divided the kingdom into three parts, under separate chiefs; deposed by Murchadh, 1135; regained the kingship, 1141; had to give hostages to O'Lochlainn, king of Ailech, 1149, who prevented him from becoming king of Ireland again.

[458] Charles O'Conor (1710-1791), Irish antiquary; educated in Ireland; published Dissertations on the Ancient History of Ireland 1753, and a preface and terminal essay to O'Flaherty's The Ogygia Vindicated and letters on Irish history in Vallancey's Collectanea; collected ancient Irish manuscripts and published pamphlets on the abolition of the political disabilities of Roman catholics.

[459] Charles O'Conor (1764-1828), Irish antiquary and librarian; grandson of Charles O'Couor (1710-1791) ; educated at Rome, 1779-91; chaplain and librarian at Stowe to Richard Grenville, afterwards duke of Buckingham and Chandos; wrote a memoir of his grandfather, 1796; supported the royal veto on catholic episcopal appointments in Ireland inColnmbanus ad Hiberuos 1810-13; published the annals of Tigbearuach, of Ulster, and of the Four Masters, and other chronicles from the Stowe Library asRerum Hibernicaruin Scriptores Veteres 1814-26, an inaccurate work; became insane before his death.

[460] Matthew O'Conor (1773-1844), Irish historical writer; brother of Charles O'Conor (1764-1828); studied at Rome; barrister; wrote on Irish military history.

[461] William Anderson O'Conor (1820-1887), author; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1864; Latin lecturer at St. Aidan's theological college, Birkeuhead; attracted notice as an eloquent and original preacher when rector of St. Simon and St. Jude, Manchester, 1858-87; wrote on theology and Irish history.

[462] Octa, Ocga, Oht or Oiric (d. 632?), king of Kent; son of Aesc or Oisc; succeeded his father, c. 612; reigned over the Jutish invaders in Kent.

[463] John O'Cullane (1754-1816), Irish poet and schoolmaster; many of his poems extant in Munster.

[464] Eugene O'Curry (1796-1862), Irish scholar; obtained employment in the topographical section of the Irish ordnance survey, 1834-7; copied and arranged Irish manuscripts; first professor of Irish history and archaeology in the Catholic University of Ireland, 1855; gave an account of mediaeval Irish manuscripts and their contents in his lectures (published, 1860 and 1873); his text and traiiblation of two mediaeval Irish tales published by the Celtic Society, 1855. His facsimile copies In Irish character of manuscripte are preserved at Trinity College, Dublin, and the Royal Irish Academy.

[465] Aengus O'Daly (d. 1360), Irish poet.

[466] Aengus O'Daly(d. 1617), Irish poet; wrote an abusive poem on the Irish tribes; assassinated.

[467] Daniel O'Daly or Dominic (1596-1668). See Daly.

[468] Donnchadh O'Daly (d. 1244), Irish poet; the most famous member of the greatest family of hereditary poets in Ireland; more than thirty poems, chiefly on devotional subjects, attributed to him.

[469] Muiredhach O'Daly (fl. 11213), Irish poet; having killed O'Donnell's steward fled from place to place, followed by O'Donnell; wrote in Scotland three poems in praise of O'Douuell, which led to his being forgiven,

[470] Thomas Odell (1691–1749), playwright; wrote political lampoons for Walpole: built a theatre in Leman Street, London, 1729, which he sold to Giffard, 1731; deputy-licenser of the stage, 1738; composed "The Chimera 1729,The Smugglers 1729,The Patron 1730, and The Prodigal 1744.

[471] Dermot O'Dempsey (d. 1193), Irish chief: became chief of the Clan Mailughra, 1162, and subsequently of the group of clans allied to his own; founded a Cistercian abbey at Rosglas, 1178.

[472] Cornelius O'Devany or O'Duane (1533-1612), called in Irish Concbobhar O'Duibbeauuaigb, Roman catholic bishop of Down and Connor; appointed to the bishopric, 1582, and consecrated at Rome; twice arrested for religious reasons; arrested for complicity in Tyrone's rebellion and executed.

[473] George Odger (1820–1877), trade unionist; a shoemaker, who became secretary to the London trades council, 1862; believed in the combination of tradeunionism with political action, and made five unsuccessful attempts to enter parliament; president of the international association of working men, 1870.

[474] Gabrel Odingsells (1690–1734), playwright; author of three indifferent comedies; committed suicide while insane.

[475] Walter Odington, or Walter of Evesham (fl. 1320). See Walter.

[476] Odo or Oda(d. 959), archbishop of Canterbury, called the Good; was early converted to Christianity; adopted and educated by Ethelhelm, a noble, with whom he went to Rome; ordained at Rome; esteemed by jEthelstan, who gave him the bishopric of Ramsbury, 927, and the archbishopric of Canterbury, 942; restored Canterbury Cathedral and promoted the reformation of morals, the rights of the church, and the restoration of monastic discipline; published constitutions respecting these matters during Edmund's reign; accompanied Edred to the north, 947, and translated the Ripon relics to Canterbury; crowned Edwy, 956, and separated him from Elfgifu.

[477] Earl Odo or Odda (d. 1056), a kinsman of Edward the Confessor; had an hereditary connection with Mercia; became, on the banishment of Godwine and Harold (1051) Earl of Somerset, Devon, Doreet, and the Wealas losing bis earldom on tbeir return; compensated with the earldom of the Hwiccas; built the minster at Deerhurtt for his brother's soal.

[478] Odo (d. 1097), bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent; half-brother of William the Conqueror, who made him bishop of Bayeux, 1049; accompanied the Normans to England, fought at Hastings (1066), and was rewarded with Dover Castle and the earldom of Kent, 1066; viceroy in William's absence, ruling hairhly; second in power only to William himself; acquired vast wealth; built himself a palace at Rome and aspired to succeed Hildebrand as pope, but was arrested by William I and kept captive at Kouen till William's death; was unable to regain his old power under William U and became the of conspiracy; besieged at Pevensey and Rochester, and was obliged to leave England, 1088; held a prominent position under Robert in Normandy; present at the proclamation of the first crusade, 1095, and elected to accompany Robert as crusader, 1096; died at Palermo in .: a liberal patron of religion and learning.

[479] Odo of Canterbury (d. 1200), abbot of Battle; also called Odo Cantianus; a monk of Christchurch, Canterbury: sub-prior, 1 163; represented Canterbury at Rome, 1163: vacillated between tlu- km- and Becket, but took the ecclesiastical side on Becket's munler; recommended for the archbishopric, 1173, but not chosen; became abbot of Battle, 1175: chosen a second time as archbishop, but again refused by the king, 1184; commissioned by the pope to remonstrate with Archbishop Baldwin (4. 1190) on his quarrel with his monks, 1187. There is some uncertainty as to his writings owing to confusion with other writers of the same name.

[480] Odo of Cheriton , or, less familiarly, Sherston (d. 1247), fabulist and preacher; completed his sermons on the gospels, 1219; illustrated his arguments by quaint extracts from the bestiaries and from older collections of fables, some of which he formed into a separate collection as Parabola.

[481] Sir Cahir O'Dogherty (1587-1608), lord of Inishowen; a minor at his father's death, but supported as chief of Inishowen by Sir Henry Docwra; knighted on the field of Augher; visited England, 1603; insulted by Sir George Paulet, 1608, and in revenge seized Culmore Castle and sacked and burnt Derry, 1608; hot during an engagement near Kilmacrenan.

[482] William James O'Doherty (1835-1868), sculptor; studied at Dublin; came to London, 1854, and exhibited from 1857; visited Rome, 1865; died in hospital in Berlin.

[483] Peter O'Doirnin (1682-1768), Irish poet and schoolmaster; composed poems, including one on the ancient divisions of Ireland.

[484] William O'Domhnuill (d. 1628). See Daniel.

[485] William of Odone (d. 1298). See Hothum.

[486] James Louis O'Donnel (1738-1811),the Apostle of Newfoundland; educated at Home and ordained priest at Prague; prior of the Franciscan house at Waterford, 1779; went as vicar-apostolic to Newfoundland, 1784: consecrated bishop of Thyatira, 1796; divided the diocese into missions, 1801: resigned, 1807.

[487] Calvagh O'Donnell (d. 1566), lord of Tyrconnel; son of Manus O'Donnell; quarrelled with his father and claimed the leadership of the clan, 1547: reconciled to his father by the lord-deputy, 1549; being again at feud with his father, went to Scotland, and returning with assistance, 1565, captured him and usurped the government, which was acquiesced in by England 1558; surprised and captured by Shane O'Neill, 1561; released, 1564; went to England to solicit aid from Queen Elizabeth; returned with Sir Henry Sidney, and was restored by him, 1566, but died soon afterwards.

[488] Daniel O'Donnell (1666-1735), brigader-general in the Irish brigade in the French service; appointed captain in James ll'e army, 1688; transferred to the French service, 1691; served in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 1707-12; brigadier-general, 1719; died at St. Germain-en-Laye.

[489] Godfrey O'Donnell (d. 1258), Irish chief; made chief, 1248; made successful raids into Tyrone and Lower Connaught; was victorious but severely wounded ;.f ? ced, e 1267; fought victoriously against O'Neill, 1258, but died from his old wounds.

[490] Hugh Balldearg O'Donnell (d. 1704), Irish MUbrtf fortune: had property in Spain, went to IreUind without permission, 1690, raised ten thousand men wm! yi nnel, with whom he l uarr elled, joined the iHiamites, and contributed to the fall of Sligo; subequentlj fought for Austria; returned to Spain, 1697 e major-general in the Spanish army.

[491] Hugh Roe O'Donnell (1571?-1602), lord of Tyrconnel; grandson of Manus O'Donnell; seized by stratagem as a hostage for his father's loyalty, 1587, escaped and was recaptured, but escaped again, 1591, when his father surrendered the chieftaincy in his favour; formally submitted to government, 1592, but applied to Spain for assistance, and secretly helped Hugh Maguire against the -English; made a marauding expedition into Connaught, which he gained by the destruction of Sligo Castle and other fortresses, 1595; invaded and plundered Conuatight, 1597; forced by O'Conor Sligo, who had established himself at Sligo with Knli.-h as~i-tance, to retreat across the Erne; assisted Tyrone in defeating the English at Yellow Ford and received O'Couor Sligo's submission, 1598; lost Lifford and Donegal, his cousin Niall Garv O'Donnell having deserted to the English, 1600; on the arrival of the Spanish went southwards and attacked the English besieging Kinsale; went to Spain, 1602, but gained no assistance; died from poison at Simancas.

[492] John Francis O'Donnell (1837-1874), poet; journalist in Limerick, 1854, in London, 1856, in Dublin, 1862, in London again, 1864; contributed prose and verse to the Nation and was one of the ablest fenian propagandists iu the press; published two volumes of poems.

[493] Manus O'Donnell(d. 1564), lord of Tyrconnel; deputy-governor of Tyrconnel, 1510; forced by his quarrels with his brothers into an alliance with O'Neill; became chief, 1537; with O'Neill invaded the Pale, 1639, but was utterly routed; submitted to the lord-deputy, 1641, and released his brothers in deference to St. Leger's wishes, 1542; attacked by his son Calvagh O'Donnell, 1548, who was defeated, but (1655) succeeded in taking his father prisoner and usurping his authority; built the castle of Portnatrynod, where theLife of St. Columbkille was completed under his direction, 1532.

[494] Mary Stuart O'Donnell (fl. 1632), daughter of Rory O'Dounell, first earl of Tyrconnel; escaped from her grandmother in male attire, 1626: was suspected at Bristol, but succeeded in reaching Brussels; continued her adventures as man and married an O'Gallagher.

[495] Sir Niall Garv O'Donnell (1569-1626), grandson of Calvagh O'Donnell; objected to the election of his cousin Hugh Roe O'Dounell as chief of Tyrconnel; promised the grant of Tyrconnel by Sir Henry Docwra, 1600; wrested Lifford and Donegal from his cousin; resented the establishment of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty as Lord of Inishowen; caused himself to be inaugurated chief, 1602, and proceeded to London to receive pardon for his insubordination; arrested for complicity in O'Dogherty's rebellion, 1608, the jury eventually refusing to convict him; sent to the Tower of London, 1609, where he died.

[496] Rory O'Donnell, first Earl of Tyrconnel (1575-1608), grandson of Manus and brother of Hugh Roe O'Dounell; became acting chief on his brother's flight to Spain, 1602; created Earl of Tyrconnel, 1603, and granted the greater part of Donegal, 1604; with Tyrone aimed at tribal independence, and in 1606 divulged to Richard Nugent, lord Delviu, a plan to seize Dublin and various other places; finding his rash speeches were known, left Ireland with the Earl of Tyrone and various relatives, 1607; with them landed in France and went to Brussels and Louvain and finally through Switzerland to Rome, where he was well received; died of Roman fever; in his formal statement of his grievances he put religious disabilities in the foresrround. His flight cleared the way for the settlement of Ulster,

[497] Edmund O'Donovan (1844-1883), newspaper correspondent; son of John O'Donovan; educated by the jesuite; studied medicine at Trinity College, Dublin; contributed to newspapers, 1866, joined the French army, 1870, wrote letters on his experiences to London and Dublin papers; proceeded to Spain, 1873, and represented the Daily Newsin A sia.Minor, 1876; accomplished a hazardous journey to Mrv, 1879, an account of which he published, 1882; perished with the army of Hicks Pasha in the Soudan.

[498] John O'Donovan (1809-1861), Irish scholar; obtained work in the Irish Record Office, 1826; appointed to the historical department of the Irish ordnance survey, 1829; called to the Irish bar, 1M7,. mploycd to transcribe legal manuscript-; by the roiiiiuis-ion for the puhlication of the ancient laws of Ireland, l r -: tr.m-rnbol, translated, and edited the * Anou of the Four.MH-NT 1H-1S M; published, among other works, povms and tales and a MJrammar of the Irish Language 1845.

[499] Cornelius O'Duane (1533-1612). See O'Duvany.

[500] '^ John O'Dugan, the Great (d. 1372), Irish historian and poet; belonged to a literary family, ol lambs to 0Kelly; made a pilgrimage to St. Columba's tomb and retired to a monastery on Louih Kr.i. He wrote valuable historical poems describing Ireland, the early kings of Ireland, and the kings of Leinster and Minuter.

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